Taking the minimum initial-strain of the structure as the objective function of the optimal prestress design and the minimum light of the structure as the.

This paper gives a brief introduction of how TCA solves creep problems by using finite element method and initial-strain method, TCA's features and structure, and some application examples.

The higher initial strain hardening rate and higher strength of dual phase are attributed to rapid strain hardening in ferrite and the load transfer from the ferrite to martensite.