This paper summarized the type and function and method of research and the relation with disease of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels.

Because the binding of the neurotransmitter (ligand) to the receptor activates these ion channels, they are called ligand-gated channels to distinguish them from voltage-gated channels.

This divalent cation is released from presynaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft upon neuronal activity and acts as a modulator of many ligand-gated ion channels.