Coupled Volterra type integral equation systems for ultimate ruin probability, severity of ruin and jointdistribution of surplus before and after ruin are also obtained.
对于毕竟破产概率，结合维他里型积分方程系统，得到了破产的严重性以及破产前和后的剩余额的联合分布。
2
A necessary and sufficient condition for discriminating the independence of random variables directly from jointdistribution instead of marginal probability distribution has been established.
本文建立了不需要求边缘概率分布而直接从联合分布判别独立性的一个充要条件。
3
On the basis of field geology survey, the probabilitydistribution function of joint aperture is fitted and the availability of the fitting is verified.