Brokers were paid a fixed minimum commission on shares and gilts, which ripped off big clients, and jobbers lacked the capital to deal in big amounts.

The London stock exchange was a closed shop, marked by an antiquated division between brokers who brought the business and jobbers who made markets in shares.

In wholesale auto parts businesses and in those auto supply houses known as jobbers, counter workers sell to garages, retail supply shops, trucking companies, auto dealers and the public.