This one on the left-hand side lives only on the curve, while the right-hand side lives everywhere in this region inside.
左边的这个积分定义在曲线,右侧的积分定义在整个内部区域。
2
So, in both cases, we need the vector field to be defined not only, I mean, the lefthand side makes sense if a vector field is just defined on the curve because it's just a line integral on c.