In this paper, a theoretical analysis for the local buckling of the flange plate of the partially encased concrete columns subjected to H-shape steel axis force was presented.

The steel roof of Tsingdao international sailboat center for 2008 Olympic Games is so special that its shape is of an arc, which is made up of H-beam and pipe column.

The calcium spray treatment to change the shape of impurities and enhancement of steel purity are the two commonly practiced methods to prevent h...