Because of this protective effect, the anode's capacity is preserved even after 200 cycles, whereas anodes with an imperfect graphene layer rapidly decrease with cycling.

First produced in a lab back in 2004, graphene is essentially a single layer of pure carbon atoms bonded together in a honeycomb lattice so thin it's actually considered two-dimensional.

There are around three million sheets of graphene in a millimetre-thick layer of graphite.