Only around half of consumer spending is taxed at the standard VAT rate of 20%, a low share compared with other rich countries.
只有大约一半的消费者支出按20%的标准增值税税率纳税，这一比例与其他富裕国家相比较低。
2
When VAT went up a year ago only about half of the increase was passed on to prices. This time virtually all of it is expected to go through to prices.
当一年前增值税增加的时候，只有大约一半转移到价格上，现在几乎全部的影响将转移到物价上。
3
Until now, the VAT paid by Sky's subscribers has been half the normal 20% rate, a tax break designed to promote an alternative to the existing "duopoly".