The sparse distribution of the feathers, however, also allows considerable lateral air movement over the skin surface, thereby permitting further heatloss by convection.
然而，羽毛的稀疏分布也使得皮肤表面形成相当大量的侧向空气流动，从而可以通过对流进一步散热。
2
This circulation gets moreor less switched off at night when the temperature gradients disappear or reverse, avoiding heatloss and keeping the nest at a roughly constant temperature.
夜间当温度变化消失或是与白天截然相反时，巢内空气循环减弱，有效避免热流失，使得巢穴室温保持稳定。
3
Because waterfowl have normal body temperatures between 103 and 106 degrees Fahrenheit (39 and 41 Celsius), heatloss in the water can be fatal.