It was granted a monopoly on joint-stock banking by Parliament in return for giving war loans to the government.
作为向政府银行提供战争贷款的回报，议会授予它对股份制银行的垄断地位。
3
The euro crisis has spread to Italy, the world’s third-largest bond market, which means the stock of rich-world government debt that is considered safe has shrunk dramatically.