The surface mark of an established plume is a hot spot—an isolated region of volcanoes and uplifted terrain located far from the edge of a surface plate.
一个已形成的烟羽的表面标志是一个热点——一个远离表面板块边缘的火山和隆起地形的孤立区域。
2
The "mantle plume" thus formed, once established, continues to channel hot material from the mantle base until the reservoir is emptied.
这样形成的“地幔柱”一旦形成，就会继续从地幔底部引导热物质，直到储层被排空。
3
Indonesia's Mount Merapi started spewing hot ash clouds on Monday morning, sending a 1.5-kilometer plume toward the south.