It seemed to be the regime that divided France least, what Gambetta called the nouvelles couches,or the new social strata, the new social strata,the middle classes,the petty bourgeois.

这看似是最不会导致法国分裂的政体,甘必大称它为新阶层,或新的社会阶层,中产阶级,小资产阶级

1871年后的法国课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课

Now,Gambetta,who was a smart guy who dies very young, he said that France became a republic because most of the people wanted a republic and they didn't want a monarchy, and that's all there was to it.

甘贝塔,一个英年早逝的聪明人,认为法国能成为共和国,是因为大部分人想要有一个共和国,他们不要君主国,那就是全部理由

1871年后的法国课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课

And when Gambetta, whom you can read about,whom I mentioned the other day, when he said,"clericalism,there's the enemy"; and,then you had this sort of campaign against the church, particularly the teaching aspect of the church that's fascinating, which I'll talk about later.

而甘贝塔,你们在书上看过,我之前也提过,他说,教权主义,就是敌人,之后就有一系列反对教会的运动,在反对教义方面尤其精彩,我之后会谈到

1871年后的法国课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课