Humanin is a 21 or 24 amino acid peptide that is encoded in the mitochondrial genome by the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, MT-RNR2. Humanin was independently discovered by three labs looking at Alzheimer’s disease, apoptosis, and IGF-1 signaling.
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In earlier studies, the team found that insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) binds Humanin and tempers its effects on promotion of cell survival.