The net effect of the formula is the normalization of the gross profit generated by individuals that have various billing rates, but will incur similar carbon emissions.
这个公式的最终效果是个人各种记账率产生的总利润，但将导致类似的碳排放。
2
The transformation formula of critical markup rate and critical gross profit rate is given, and their equivalency for the stability study is illustrated.
给出了临界加价率同临界毛利率的转换公式，说明他们对稳定性研究的等效性。
3
Aiming at the shortcoming of empiric formula in actual application, by using of integral method a new formula for the relationship between water losses and gross discharge is established.