Carbon capture and storage (CCS) works by trapping CO2 from the exhaust gases of fossil fuel power plants and then piping it to underground storage sites, such as disused oil wells.

This gas plenum is used to capture the fission products which are gasses such that the fuel pin does not over-pressurise.

These capture most of the heat from the fuel, greatly reducing the amount of wood required, and they slash soot emissions too.