Ultimately though, these techniques treat the hub-and-spoke topology as a difference in degree when it is actually a difference in kind.
但是最终，这些技术将中心与分支拓扑视为程度上的差异，而实际上是种类上的差异。
2
Semantic interoperability is achieved within an enterprise via a hub-and-spoke topology, which reduces the redundancy and maintenance cost of point-to-point integration.