The particles are generally protons , electrons and helium nuclei and when they collide with nuclei in the Earth's upper atmosphere they can produce shower s of daughter particles.
这些粒子主要是质子、电子和氦原子核，并且当他们与地球高层大气中的原子核碰撞，就能产生次级粒子簇射。
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In general, the heavier atoms in the atmosphere sink and the light ones remain at the surface, which is why some white dwarfs, for example, have mostly pure hydrogen or helium atmospheres.