Now we know about the buckling, it could give you a measurement point because you can take the muscle to a particular length and know it begins to buckle at that length.

Cylinder buckling is governed by imperfections in a structure and uncertainties in the loading of weight, and mathematical models can predict this behavior.

Shape memory alloy wires can increase the critical temperature of the beam, and also can restrain thermal buckling occurring or make the post-buckled beam back to initial equilibrium states.