The wheel flange wear is in inverse proportion with the curve radius of the trunk line, i. e. the smaller the radius, the worse the wear.
机车轮缘的磨耗与线路曲线半径成反比，半径越小，轮缘磨耗越严重。
2
The differences of stress state between extrusion-flanging and traditional flanging, and the influences of curvature radius of burring punch on flange height were analyzed.