Erosion of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years.

In Tanzania, maritime erosion has already destroyed a wall of the Kilwa fort, built by Portuguese colonialists on an island just off the coast in 1505, Francfort said.

Man made reservoirs and sand excavation in some rivers reduce silt discharge into sea, these human activities are vital factors that cause coast erosion hazard in Qinhuangdao region recently.