The effects of grouting circle will not share the external water pressure with tunnel lining, but block groundwater and reduce the external water pressure on lining remarkably with low discharge.
The paper introduce the impurities origination including internal and external impurities, and pays more attention to re-oxide, rolling slag and inner-lining erosion.
介绍了夹杂物的来源，包括内生夹杂和外来夹杂，着重于二次氧化产物、卷渣、内衬侵蚀。
3
The external water pressure of tunnel is an important factor for tunnel lining design.