This approach separates the adaptive law and the control approach such that it avoids traditional 'certainty equivalence principle' which makes system analysis and practical application complicated.

This paper tries to prove equivalence of Kelvin Statement and Clausius Statement of the second law of thermodynamics under negative absolute temperature by reduction to absurdity.

Some topics, such as the implication of non-station ary, equivalence of non-stationary random process, and power law process, are studied.