An isoparametric finite element program of large elastic-plasticstrain (LEPS) is used to analyse the necking of a cylindrical bar and a plate specimen under uniaxial tension.
The total deformation of soils consists of three parts: elasticstrain, plastic strain related to volumetric yielding mechanism and plastic strain related to shear yielding mechanism.
土体总的变形由三部分组成：即弹性应变、与体积屈服机制相关的塑性应变和与剪切屈服机制相关的塑性应变。
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The elastic range, the plastic range (during which the material flows at a constant stress), the strain-hardening range, and the range during which necking occurs, terminating in fracture.