The elastic range, the plastic range (during which the material flows at a constant stress), the strain-hardening range, and the range during which necking occurs, terminating in fracture.
弹性范围，塑料范围（当材料以不变的应力流动时），应变硬化范围和发生颈缩现象以其断裂终止的范围。
2
As the material is deformed beyond the strain that elastic deformation persists, the stress is no longer proportional to strain, and permanent, nonrecoverable, or plastic deformation occurs.