Perhaps, some may say, it shows that state failure is an extremely elastic term, embracing both countries in total collapse (Somalia, Chad) and those which merely contain large ungoverned Spaces.

Different functions for principal stress were used as elastic medium failure conditions at the boundary with the crushing zone and plasticity within the latter based on Coulomb rule.

The dynamic responses of the models with mass eccentricity and under the condition of bi-directional ground motion were studied at the elastic stage and stages of cracking, yielding and failure.