Bioanalytical assay such as nucleic acid hybridization and immunoassays are extremely important in a variety of fields, for example clinical diagnostic medicine and drug testing.

The article introduces the development of rapid detections of pathogenic microbe in food, and reviews modern methods of microbiology, immunology, nucleic acid hybridization and so on.

In nucleic acids and proteins detection, the use of nucleic acid hybridization, immunoreaction and small molecule-protein interaction offers desirable selectivity for the assays.