Adversary system and doctrine of function and power as two models of righteous procedure contain respectively the concept of "centralism" and the rank of "binary opposites".

In the adversary litigation pattern, the parties are the subject of civil procedure, who are entitled to argue and dispose of their own benefit through some suit actions.

Full understanding of the American legal procedure will require our constant attention to the existence of the adversary system as well as critical analysis of its shortcomings.