The present study was aimed at exploring the effect of integrative and instrumental motivation on second language proficiency by incorporating expectancy-value theory.
Expectancy-Value Theory and Attribution Theory also form the theoretical basis of the motivational variables which can be used in interpreting the complicated motivational activities of individuals.
期望-价值理论，以及归因理论都为揭示个体的复杂动机行为提供了理论支持。
3
Rising life expectancy and worries about the value of pensions mean the trend to work will continue.