She posted notices on Facebook and called her old teachers at Edward R. Murrow High School, in Midwood.

The radio was full of news of freighters on the Atlantic being sunk by U-boats, and crackly transmissions from Edward R. Murrow reported on London under siege by the Luftwaffe.

Researchers like Edward L. Thorndike built upon these foundations and, in particular, developed an s-r (stimulus-response) theory of learning.