Cutting into halves was not an excruciation only in late Tang Dynasty or previous Dynasties, which had existed in the early Tang Dynasty.
腰斩唐前期既已存在，并不仅仅是唐代后期或者前代酷刑等等。
2
Therefore the concision and concentration presented in his works is necessarily an intuitionistic spiritual excruciation , thus forms a natural distance with the world today full of spree.