| 释义 |
shall/ʃæl, ʃ(ə)l/v. aux. (3rd sing. present shall; archaic [古义] 2nd sing. present shalt /ʃælt/; past should /ʃʊd, ʃəd/) (foll. by 后跟 infin. without to, or absol. [含宾]; present and past only in use 仅使用现在时和过去时) 1 (in the 1st person) expressing the future tense I shall return soon 我很快就回来 or (with shall stressed) emphatic intention I shall have a party 我一定要开个聚会 (用于第一人称)表示将来时；或(用重音强调 shall 时)表示强调的意愿 2 (in the 2nd and 3rd persons) expressing a strong assertion or command rather than a wish (cf. 参见 WILL1) (用于第二和第三人称)表示坚决的主张或命令(而不是愿望) you shall not catch me again 你不应再抓我; they shall go to the party 他们必须去参加聚会 3 expressing a command or duty 表示命令或责任 thou shalt not steal 你不可以偷窃; they shall obey 他们必须服从 4 (in 2nd-person questions) expressing an enquiry, esp. to avoid the form of a request (cf. 参见 WILL1) (用于第二人称的问句中)表示征询看法(尤为避免使用提问形式) shall you go to France? 你要去法国吗？ □ shall I? do you want me to? 我做…可以吗？ [Old English sceal, from Germanic]■ Usage 用法说明 There is considerable confusion about when to use shall and will. The traditional rule in standard British English is that shall is used for the first person singular and plural (I and we) to form the future tense, while will is used for the second and third persons (you, he, she, it, they), e.g. I shall be late; She will not be there. In informal usage, I will and we will are quite often used for the future tense, e.g. We will try to help, but this is unacceptable to some people. Conversely, shall is also used with you in polite questions (see sense 4 above), and this is quite acceptable. When expressing a strong assertion or command the traditional rule is that will is used with the first person singular and plural, and shall for the second and third persons, e.g. I will not tolerate this; You shall go to school; Competitors shall arrive by 8 a.m. In practice, however, shall is often used for the first person singular and plural in emphatic contexts (e.g. I shall have a new car), and will for the second and third persons (e.g. You will go to bed early) These usages are now fully acceptable. 什么时候用 shall 和 will 是个颇令人困惑的问题。标准英国英语的传统规则是， shall 用于第一人称单数和复数 (I 和 we) 构成将来时；而 will 则用于第二和第三人称 (you ， he ， she ， it ， they) 构成将来时，例如 I shall be late (我将迟到)； She will not be there (她将不会在那里)。在非正式的用法中， I will 和 we will 也常用于表示将来时，例如 We will try to help (我们将争取给予帮助)。但是，在有些人看来，这种用法是不可接受的。与之相反，在客气的提问中(见上面的释义 4) ， shall 也用于第二人称，而这却是普遍认可的。表达坚决的主张或命令时，传统的规则是，第一人称单数和复数都用 will ，第二和第三人称用 shall ，例如 I will not tolerate this (我绝不能容忍这件事)； You shall go to school (你必须去上学)； Competitors shall arrive at 8 a.m. (参赛人员必须上午 8 点到达)。但是，实际上，在表达强调的语境中， shall 也常用于第一人称单数和复数，如 I shall have a new car (我一定要拥有一辆新汽车)； will 也常用于第二和第三人称，如 You will go to bed early (你必须早睡觉)。现在这些用法都已完全接受了。 |