| 释义 |
sanction/ˈsæŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n. & v.●n. 1 approval or encouragement given to an action etc. by custom or tradition; express permission (用习俗或传统对某种行为的)认可，鼓励；准许 2 confirmation or ratification of a law etc. (对法律等的)认可，批准 3a a penalty for disobeying a law or rule, or a reward for obeying it (对违背法律或规则的)惩罚；(对遵守法律或规则的)奖赏 b a clause containing this (包含惩罚或奖赏的)条款 4 Ethics a consideration operating to enforce obedience to any rule of conduct 【伦理学】(使人们遵从行为准则的)约束因素；约束力 5 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数) military or esp. economic action by a state to coerce another to conform to an international agreement or norms of conduct (为迫使一个国家执行国际协议或行为准则而采取的军事的，尤其是经济的)国际制裁 6 Law hist. a law or decree 【法律】[史义]法律，法令 ●v. tr. 1 authorize, countenance, or agree to (an action etc.) 准许，赞同，同意(某行动等) 2 ratify; attach a penalty or reward to; make binding 批准；惩罚，奖赏；使…有约束力 □ sanctionable adj.[French from Latin sanctio -onis, from sancire sanct- ‘make sacred’] |