1no object (of a fire) flame or glow while consuming a material such as coal or wood.

炉子里的火噼噼啪啪烧得正旺。

1. 1.1 (of a candle or other source of light) be alight.
   （蜡烛或其他光源）点亮
   a light was burning in the hall

   大厅里点着灯。

   Example sentencesExamples

   • The arsonist is believed to have used two large candles from the altar - which he lit from smaller candles burning in a sand-filled bowl - to carry out the attack.
   • Candles are burning at Atocha station, and trains from the suburb where many of the 202 murdered victims lived arrive half-empty.
   • The tomb sits alone in an arched alcove to the right of the main altar of the central nave, a leafy potted lily behind it and a small red candle burning at the front.
   • This means that an equivalent size beeswax candle will burn brighter, and for longer, than a paraffin wax one.
   • The solitary candle burning on the table threw a faint light on her face, yet it was clear that she was very unhappy.
   • Without the flash, the solitary candle burning inside was the source of light, and the photo really shows up the carving and the fact that it is a Halloween pumpkin.
   • Candles burned in the trailer, casting just enough light into the yard area that she could see what she was doing.
   • Long before electric light came to the Irish countryside it was a heart-warming sight to see the candles burning in the windows on Christmas Eve.
   • Stars everywhere, glowing and burning bright with a fire so powerful that it couldn't be measured.
   • Now, the coals of the campfire had burned low and, in the big skillet, rabbit legs and thick bacon rashers spluttered.
   • And leaving a candle burning unattended whilst spending nearly three hours down the pub was probably not a good idea, but thankfully one that has led to no damage.
   • As the candles burned, Terry breathed deeply the light scents of vanilla and almond candles.
   • It is as if there is a small candle burning in the room: bring a bigger light into the room and the small candle simply loses all significance.
   • One candle burned near the hearth, kept to light others, the one thing that reminded her of life at Kamrit Castle.
   • In Bandung city, despite the president's call, decorative lights in the lobby of the Bandung City Council building were burning bright.
   • Outside the church in Suai the candles were still burning.
   • For as far as you could see, there were candles burning on graves of every size, dotting the hillside with light.
   • A picture of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour, with a candle burning underneath, brings the real difference to the show.
   • It was still mostly dark, especially under the trees, and candles still burned on the graves from visitors the night before.
   • Once the candles were burning away, we watched ‘The Princess Diaries’ on TV.
2. 1.2 Be in flames.
   by nightfall, the whole city was burning

   Example sentencesExamples

   • It was deathly quiet; the suburbs were all but abandoned as the city center crumbled and burned.
   • Even several localities in Mumbai had remained quiet while rest of the city was burning in 1992-93.
   • And the city duly burned for four days, the flames jumping 20 blocks northwards every hour on the first night.
   • The city was on the edge of a giant ocean and yet the city burned forever.
   • From where she was, it seemed like the whole City was burning.
   • The rest of the city lay burned or burning with the stench of flesh and blood magnified by the sunrise.
   • It's 6am and Basra is burning, black clouds of oily smoke drifting over the city to the east, the sound of gunfire rolling across the canal.
   • Even from where he stood, the boy could smell the blood, smoke, and death as his city, his father's city, burned.
   • Still charmed, when Pentheus saw this, he supposed the whole place was burning.
   • Like any normal person, I enjoy watching cities burn.
   • The more the city burned, the more oxygen was sucked in - and the greater the firestorm became.
   • While New York City burned, Federal officials acted too slowly to meet the threat at hand.
   • The whole ward was at a standstill, in a state of a shock, watching a Hindu and a Muslim hugging each other in the midst of a city burning in Hindu-Muslim riots.
   • Farms, mining camps, trestles, hobo camps, and whole towns cracked and burned.
   • Border City burned, the magical flames from Uriko's spell spreading out from near its center, engulfing the whole city.
   • Why wait until our children are dying of smallpox or our cities are burning?
   • The Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City were burning.
   • The company were forced to flee the city via the mirror gate as Pain burned.
   • Yes during the riots when whole Bombay is burning like a firecracker.
   • Clutching the wound on his side he watched as the city burned.
3. 1.3with object Use (a type of fuel) as a source of heat or energy.
   以…作燃料
   a diesel engine converted to burn natural gas

   被改装成烧天然气的柴油机。

   Example sentencesExamples

   • Normally, this is done by burning jet fuel, which is exactly what the new nuclear plane will do when it takes off, climbs and lands.
   • The second factor is growing awareness of global climate change caused by burning fossil fuels.
   • These estimates are difficult because they rely on complex models and calculations about how a star burns its nuclear fuel and ages.
   • Open fires burning wood and coal are the main cause of the pollution, along with vehicle emissions.
   • Meeting the new specifications required a number of technical changes in engine design, primarily in how diesel fuel is burned in the cylinder.
   • The leading greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels.
   • France has a great abundance of cheap electricity thanks to their nuclear power stations, whereas our electricity to recycle the glass is produced by burning fossil fuels.
   • Even if we stopped burning fossil fuels today, the planet would continue to heat up for more than a hundred years.
   • This not only burns diesel fuel, but can also spread disease as soil is moved from field to field.
   • Once the plant is in operation it will mean a significant amount of electricity will be generated for the 900-year-old castle without burning fossil fuels.
   • The problem is that burning fossil fuels releases CO2 which was laid down millions of years ago when the oil and coal was being created.
   • After all, if burning fossil fuels is to blame for global warming, it makes sense to burn less of them.
   • They are commonly produced by burning fossil fuels such as driving cars, and smelting and processing metals.
   • The traditional bonfires burned wood and straw.
   • Currently we get most of our energy from burning fossil fuels.
   • Using energy, mainly by burning fossil fuels, produces waste carbon dioxide.
   • Most backup diesel generators burn distillate fuel oil, the same fuel used for heating and for aircraft.
   • Without oxygen from any source, the anaerobic cells are not able to burn stored fuel in the usual way, through metabolic respiration.
   • Many of the marines were operating at altitudes so high their petrol cigarette lighters did not light in the thin air and it was difficult to use the portable stoves which burn a chemical fuel to heat their food or brew up tea.
   • Greenhouse emissions are one of the biggest concerns with burning fossil fuels to produce electricity.
4. 1.4with object (of the body of a person or animal) convert (calories) to energy.
   （人，动物）把（热量）转化成能量
   exercise does help to burn up calories

   Example sentencesExamples

   • Regular exercise increases the rate your body burns calories.
   • It's a great way to burn calories as well as toning arms and legs.
   • The benefits As with regular stationary cycling, you'll tone your legs, glutes and abs while burning calories.
   • When you drink water, your body burns extra calories.
   • Plus I hardly burned enough calories to eat something tonight.
   • It also increases metabolism, and lastly, it is thermogenic, which means that this herb encourages the body to burn calories.
   • If you want to increase your body's ability to burn calories, even while at rest, you need to pack on some lean muscle mass.
   • Waelchli also adds that the body loses weight as a system, so it does not matter what type of exercise the client is doing as long as they are active and burning calories.
   • This can disrupt the work of the thyroid gland, which regulates how our bodies burn calories.
   • Labor saving devices such as washing machines, remote controls, computers and power tools have not only saved us time but have prevented us from burning calories.
   • Ryan was on the swim team at McClure North High School, so he burned those calories right off.
   • When it's underactive, your body burns fewer calories and burns them more slowly, which is why it can affect your ability to lose weight.
   • If your body gets used to one exercise, you'll soon quit burning calories - the plateau we know too well.
   • My recommendation: buy it, turn up the bass and burn some calories.
   • Your body burns a number of calories for every kilogram you weigh.
   • Does this mean I only need to burn fifty-four calories a day (in exercise) to prevent heart disease?
   • Eating breakfast in the morning jumpstarts your body's ability to burn calories.
   • Once you find a rhythm your body likes, you won't even know you are burning hundreds of calories an hour.
   • Specifically, thyroid hormone helps regulate how many calories your body burns each day.
   • Movements that used both the upper and lower body burned the most calories - about 8.3 per minute.

2Be or cause to be destroyed by fire.

他眼看着自己的餐馆被烧成平地。

他把所有的信都烧了。

1. 2.1 Be or cause to be damaged, injured, or spoiled by heat or fire.
   with object I burned myself on the stove

   我被炉子烫着了。

   no object the toast's burning

   Example sentencesExamples

   • Our holy and glorious temple, where our fathers praised you, has been burned with fire, and all that we treasured lies in ruins.
   • I burned myself preparing a rather sorry looking casserole the other day.
   • I told him about the time that Mother almost burned herself with lye from the soap we were making.
   • You can get burned by heat and fire, radiation, sunlight, electricity or chemicals.
   • Ricky burned himself trying to make toast and got a blister on his hand, but he felt he was managing.
   • He burned himself the last 3 mornings while making them, and was a little nervous this morning, in fear that today would be no different.
   • Do you know how many people have burned themselves on a coffee pot back here?
   • Sherman marched from the Mississippi to the Atlantic, burning and pillaging every city in his path, leaving only destruction in his wake.
   • There was a sharp, hot, pain in his palm and Eden jumped back and blankly realized that he'd held the pan's handle wrong and burned himself.
   • How many people burned themselves at home from coffee in that same period?
   • She cut and burned herself and tried to cut off her thumb.
   • He burned himself badly but when his parents took him to a doctor he said it was strange that Ben had not cried.
   • Not without reason, Americans worried that they could be poisoned by illuminating gas or burned by electrical fires.
   • The day before she burned herself with the curling iron, a woman who had promised to take Kisha to a museum in another city abruptly canceled the trip.
   • She had burned herself while cooking breakfast, so she was trying to be extremely careful tonight.
   • If the person is holding the stone or has the stone in his possession then he cannot be burned by fire, cut by a knife or killed with a gun.
   • Mrs Dhariwal said to her son: ‘I have burned myself and I want to kill myself.’
   • Miraculously he never burned himself or set the house on fire.
   • A Pembroke Dock mother-of-two is fuming after her baby son burned himself on exposed heating pipes.
   • Her face twisted up and Avi had to take the steaming mug from her hands before she spilled it and burned herself.

   Synonyms

   scorch, singe, sear, char, blacken, discolour, brand

   scald

   technical cauterize, calcine

   rare torrefy
2. 2.2no object (of the skin) become red and painful through exposure to the sun.
   （人，皮肤或身体部分）晒黑；晒痛，晒伤
   my skin tans easily but sometimes burns

   我的皮肤容易晒黑，但有时有痛感。

   Example sentencesExamples

   • If he stayed out too late today his skin would burn, and he would be branded with red for several days before his skin turned to a darker golden color.
   • Hubby starts with F10 and goes down to F6 as he has skin that doesn't burn easily.
   • Still, I am at the beach and my skin is burning, so I step into the chilly water, inch by inch.
   • As summer came on, his skin was burning or peeling, white or red; he never browned.
   • She could feel her skin burning under the hot Savannah sun and although she detested the snow, she despised the sun just as much.
   • When you are in the sun for too long, your skin can burn.
   • He also commented on the lack of moisturiser as his skin burned, peeled and then peeled again in the blazing sun.
   • She wished wistfully for a warm summer on a Californian beach where her skin burned as easily as toast and time seemed to stand still.
   • But take care - sensitive skin may burn after only a few minutes.
   • During the Race of Truth, Obree's skin would burn at close to 107.
   • An added problem is the ‘Celtic’ skin type which is common in Scotland: fairer skins burn more easily, and burns mean more skin cancer risk.
3. 2.3no object Feel hot or sore, typically as a result of illness or injury.
   （使）感到灼痛；（使）感到火辣辣
   her forehead was burning and her throat ached

   Example sentencesExamples

   • And then our eyes and throats started to burn as the breeze blew toxic chemicals through the air to settle on the laces of the people.
   • Halfway up the block my eyes and throat were burning.
   • All were in bad temper and soaking wet, eyes burning and sore from the oceans' salt as they sat along the disheveled bank.
   • His eyes burnt and his throat hurt, but if he didn't speak it'd be okay.
   • Her forehead still burned where he had kissed it and her fingers lightly lingered upon it.
   • My left leg was bent and throbbing in pain and my forehead was burning.
   • As soon as I reached Central Park it rained, and my throat burned, so I came back, crossed the street to avoid the bum, sat in the apartment, and stared at the computer screen.
   • My hips were sore and my thighs burned from the repeated kicking.
   • My hand gripping the stick with such force, my skin was burning, my breathing heavy.
   • His throat was burning, and the movement had caused him to pull back, away from Brackett, which sent a searing pain down both arms.
   • My throat burned and I could hear myself wheezing, my asthma slowly starting to act up.
   • They danced until it was unbearably hot and her throat burned.
   • Her skin burned and her heartbeat sped up uncomfortably.
   • She said her eyes were swollen shut, a tooth was broken and her skin was burning from the pepper spray.
   • His temples burned and his sores itched, like a thousand worms underneath his skin, crawling and burrowing deeper, ever deeper inside him.
   • You can relieve dry mouth, which may cause your mouth to burn or feel sore, by drinking plenty of water.
   • Too soon, however, he was out of breath, lungs and muscles burning from exertion.
   • My stomach was on fire, my head throbbed, my muscles ached, my throat burned.
   • Each inch of exposed skin burned hot from the cutting, sharp wind, chafing cheeks brutally until they were turned bright, candy cane red.
   • My eyes and throat begin to burn as I scramble beneath my cot, feeling for my gas mask with shaking hands.

   Synonyms

   smart, sting, tingle, prick, prickle, be irritated, be sore, hurt, be painful, throb, ache
4. 2.4informal with object Insult (someone) in a particularly cutting way.
   Mark burns him by saying he hasn't even heard of the guy's agency

3be burning withBe entirely possessed by (a desire or an emotion)

玛莎充满了好奇。

4informal no object, with adverbial of direction Drive very fast.

在公路上飞速开车的通讯员。

5with object Produce (a CD or DVD) by copying from an original or master copy.

1An injury caused by exposure to heat or flame.

他烫伤了手，在医院接受治疗。

1. 1.1 A mark left on something as a result of being burned.
   烧痕
   the carpet was covered in cigarette burns

   绳编地毯到处都是香烟烧过的痕迹。

   Example sentencesExamples

   • Officers discovered her locked in a cupboard under the stairs and covered in cigarette burns.
   • The busy staff showed us to our table decorated with a spilt ashtray and cigarette burns.
   • It can leave the back marked with burns and hickeys.
   • Sixteen years old, he wears a nylon jacket with round cigarette burns in the shell, dirty cotton batting seeping out.
   • Queen size it may be, but from the mattress you can see it carried many stains that the last owners were trying to bleach off, and cigarette burns.
   • The ‘suite’ consisted of two rooms - a lounge with an old squeaky sofa covered with cigarette burns, and a bedroom.
   • Cigarette burns are part of the inevitable aftermath of most parties, as is spilt candle wax.
   • Bullet marks and burns could be seen all over the hull.
   • The prints are a bit grainy and even retain cigarette burns from their 16 mm origins.
   • After being arrested the man told officers the boy, who had been badly beaten and was covered in cigarette burns, was in the bedroom.
   • Cobwebs, chewing gum, dust and cigarette burns were some of the sights which greeted a team of inspectors when they arrived for an unannounced visit to Southend Hospital.
   • They're in the other room now, rolled up on their nasty old couch full of cigarette burns, watching a black-and-white TV.
   • Ewan Cameron claims expensive flooring has been damaged, there are food stains on the ceiling, cigarette burns in the soft furnishings, and the bed in the master bedroom is broken.
   • One night, she discovered the back of her sweater ‘polka-dotted’ with cigarette burns.
   • The craft had obviously seen a lot of the galaxy, judging from the dents, pocks, and black burns covering the hull.
   • Harold Thomson's handkerchief showed the bullet hole and powder burns from the highwayman's gunshot.
   • A burn marked his coat, but there didn't seem to be any bleeding of burns on his skin.
   • Costs for excess wear and tear, such as cigarette burns on the seats or damage to the body, may fall on your shoulders if outlined in the contract.
   • I'm looking for cigarette burns in the carpet, wine stains on the settee and crushed vol-au-vents on the hearth rug.
   • A moment later, he sat on the old faded gold-colored couch with cigarette burns and dog hairs covering its once beautiful state.
2. 1.2 An injury caused by friction.
   they found rope burns around her waist

   Example sentencesExamples

   • I'm back at work, after five days of sitting around with half my head swollen up and the other half covered in friction burns.
   • It was like an ultrasonic shower, toothbrush, and shave in one, but without dampness or razor burn.
   • But examining doctors found no evidence of what would certainly have been major trauma - no cuts, rope burns, scars.
   • Sensor Excel doesn't feel smooth, and I have slight razor burn on my knees.
   • His hands were covered in rope burns and marks, his face red with nervousness and fatigue.
   • Razor burn and prickly underarm hair make the list of most women's annoying beauty battles.
   • If you're tired of razor burn and those annoying nicks and cuts you have to endure, then say hello to a new innovation in shaving.
   • Without the proper equipment, a worker risks injuries such as abrasions, or friction burns.
   • Cleo was dumped next to him, her hands and feet bound with coarse rope that caused friction burns on her skin.
   • Medical evidence was given to the inquest that death was caused by asphyxia secondary to compression with fractures of the ribs and friction burns.
   • She asked that I tell no one about the bruises he left on her shoulders, the belt marks on her thighs, the rope burns on her wrists and ankles.
   • I left with a little rope burn and a pounding heart.
   • My hands have rope burns from trying to hang onto the camera.
   • I still have all the marks from the rug burns from the lap dance I did.
   • Without a sudsy, creamy, foamy or oily lubricant, you can give yourself razor burn or rash - no thanks.
   • Using an old blade (three shaves per blade should be the maximum) and pressing too firmly on the surface will inevitably lead to razor burn and cuts.
   • Each participant took their respective places and was getting handkerchiefs or spare shirts to act as a protection from rope burns.
   • Initially Mrs Davis, who managed to walk from the bus with more minor friction burns, and her husband were taken to a local cottage hospital in Tonopah.
   • A Soccerdome website boasts that all the pitches are made of ‘Field Turf’ synthetic pitches which are just like real grass but do not cause friction burns.
   • The end result is that you'll be able to kiss those nasty razor burns goodbye.
3. 1.3 A hot, painful sensation in the muscles experienced as a result of sustained vigorous exercise.
   （肌肉持续剧烈运动后的）酸痛
   Example sentencesExamples

   • It'll be fairly light, but you're focusing on pumping the muscle and feeling the burn, not the weight.
   • For an optimal burn, don't let your shoulders touch down between reps.
   • So the coach of course is not experiencing the pain of the athlete who's running, for example and who's now in a state of oxygen debt and experiencing muscle burn and so forth.
   • This exercise is going to ignite a deep burn in all your back muscles.
   • You know that painful burn in your muscles when you're exercising intensely, that's because of a build-up of lactic acid, right?
   • If you're one of those souls who is blessed with gym discipline or a YMCA membership, then you know how satisfying the lingering burn of energized muscles can be.
   • What matters is building a severe burn with my first exercise, then keeping it going through the others.
   • When you're lifting weights, the good pain is the burn you feel in the muscle belly.
   • When there is a burn in my muscles, I just keep going and going and going.
   • In order for the metabolic and muscle burn to occur, there must be plenty of water and plenty of oxygen.
   • Any pain other than muscle burn is cause for suspicion.
4. 1.4informal A particularly cutting insult.
   he's been on the receiving end of his fair share of sick burns

   as exclamation ‘No, it's not ready, probably because I work twice as many accounts as you do.’ (Burn!)

2Consumption of a type of fuel as an energy source.

在所有的燃料中天然气燃烧起来最干净。

1. 2.1 A firing of a rocket engine in flight.
   （飞行中火箭发动机的）点火，点燃
   Example sentencesExamples

   • Contour was programmed to re-establish telemetry contact with the ground following the burn, however, no signal was received.
   • But an early burn cutoff could delay the main part of the mission.
   • Ninety minutes after the launch a second burn will send the spacecraft on its way to Mars.
   • The rocket continued higher on the momentum from the successful first-stage burn, but it soon peaked and started to fall.
   • The burn will slow the spacecraft's speed by 102 meters per second.
   • It is committed to the ballistic part of its trajectory from the latter portion of the rocket motor burn until it gets back down to breathable air.
   • The rocket burn sent SpaceShipOne on a trajectory that sent it climbing for almost a minute after the engine shut down.
   • During its two-minute burn at liftoff, each motor generates an average thrust of 2.6 million pounds.
   • The mission would fail if any of the four engine burns needed to reach the Moon and get into lunar orbit underperformed.
   • We were doing the final burns for orbital insertion when I finally had time to look at the unpromising object on the screen.
   • Scientists suspect that the final rocket burn sent the spacecraft slightly off course, so that although it made it into orbit, it is not in the orbit they expected.
   • Were it not for the engine burn, the spacecraft would have accelerated far more and continued on to the outer reaches of the Solar System.
   • A second burn was due to take place at 18: 17 CEST, lasting only a few seconds.
   • Camino-Ramos explained that the third burn, underway for most of last week, would bring the craft within capture distance of the Moon.
   • The US Delta launch vehicle upper stage now performs such a burn to depletion.
   • With respect to orbit altitude, four of six planned ascent burns have been completed.
   • A 20-second burn of the Fregat upper stage placed Venus Express into a circular parking orbit.
   • The burn executed nominally and was within about 0.4% of the expected design of the burn.
   • The potential result is a dead passenger if he or she goes into complete cardiac arrest during the motor burn of up to several minutes.
   • If this burn does not take place successfully, Cassini-Huygens will fly by Saturn, never to return.

3Australian North American NZ An act of clearing of vegetation by burning.

1. 3.1 An area of land cleared by burning vegetation.
   用火烧出的空地
   Example sentencesExamples

   • Still, there is no planned environmental assessment of the proposed burn area, and the endangered sage grouse is still at risk.
   • Elko's Joseph says any wood coming from a burn area to his mill will be visually inspected at the scales while on the truck.
   • Included in the northern part of that burn was a wildlife area known as Volcan Mountain.
   • There can be too much of a good thing, however - burn areas with heavier snow packs are susceptible to avalanche.
   • She says that their land extends to about an acre, with a burn running through it.
   • Outside, most of the grounds are grassland, bordered to the south by a burn with the gardens mainly lawn.
   • Harsh, high-elevation burn areas provide excellent seedbeds for this species.
   • Enclosed is a check for 1,000 wonderful trees to be planted in a burn area in his memory.
   • Amber Kamps has been busy surveying burn areas to determine where there is a need to plant trees.
   • Davis, who has written extensively about the dangers of our fire ecology, is well-acquainted with the burn area.

4British informal A cigarette.

A small stream.