Definition of austerity in English:

austerity

nounPlural austerities ɒˈstɛrɪtiɔːˈstɛrɪtiɔˈstɛrədi

mass noun

1Sternness or severity of manner or attitude.
严格；严厉
he was noted for his austerity and his authoritarianism
他以严厉和专制著称。
Example sentencesExamples
- He was a mix of austerity and kindness, often a sweet and solicitous friend.
- The austerity that one normally associates with courthouses is also quickly dispelled by the sight of a roaring open fire, a sight to delight on a cold, wet January night.
- Virgil's purpose was moral, and his main concern is to describe the farmer's virtues of austerity, integrity, and hard work, which made Rome great.
- She has added an element of sophisticated glamour to his image of Presbyterian austerity.
- Joyce regards his world variously, with rigorous irony, satiric austerity - yet with unflagging magnanimity and pervasive humor.
- Idealism, integrity, austerity, sacrifice; these were the signatures of the middle class to which they belonged.
- His chin is firm, mouth straight and serious, a hint of austerity balanced by humour in the corners.
- In observable characteristics, Saturn depicts someone who is characterised by austerity or seriousness.
Synonyms
severity, harshness, rigidity, rigidness, stringency, rigorousness
1. 1.1 Plainness and simplicity in appearance.
  朴素；朴实；简陋
  the room was decorated with a restraint bordering on austerity
  房间装饰几近简陋。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Like it or not, the beauty of mathematics springs from its rigorous austerity.
  At times, however, music of great austerity and purity is shattered by painful, pounding discords.
  The geometric segments of the sails have a quite mathematical purity and austerity.
  In this historical context, the director's main aim is to remind the audience of virtues such as coherence, austerity, passion and faith.
  It had charm despite its austerity: a few books and an empty vase on the sideboard.
  I especially love Inuit art for its austerity and cleanliness.
  A lot of the architecture in the city centre as a whole dates from the turn of the 19th century into the 20th and is a mixture of Victorian austerity and art nouveau decadence.
  His uncanny, unmistakable style crossed Cubist austerity with lush Surrealism.
  The simplicity and the austerity of Huguenot ritual reflects their thoroughgoing sense of the difference between physical and spiritual ‘death.’
  Particularly relevant is Hawes's preference for an architecture of honesty and austerity, stripped of unnecessary embellishment and free of copyism.
  There is elegance to the restraint and austerity of the imagery that extends to, or perhaps finds inspiration in, the clean utility of the printed page.
  Synonyms
  plainness, absence of adornment, lack of adornment, absence of decoration, lack of decoration, absence of ornament, absence of ornamentation, lack of ornament, lack of ornamentation, absence of embellishment, lack of embellishment, unpretentiousness
2. 1.2usually austeritiescount noun A feature of an austere way of life.
  his uncle's austerities had undermined his health
  他叔叔节衣缩食的生活把身体搞垮了。
  Example sentencesExamples
  As he approaches 80, he seems to be relaxing some of the long-held austerities of his art.
  They are not formally bound to the evangelical counsels of perfection nor do they practice visible austerities.
  By reciting certain mantras and performing austerities one's consciousness is expanded and one develops supernatural abilities.
  Such austerities were employed in an attempt to gain insight into the fundamental nature of existence.
  That is not to say that we must deliberately seek out physical austerities, because this may have the wrong effect.
  The four-and-a-half hours of sleep a night is only part of the austerities practiced here.
  During his extensive wanderings, he practiced great austerities, but apparently became disillusioned with these methods.
  Many also practised severe austerities, subjecting themselves to extremes of temperature, hunger and thirst, painful bodily distortions, and various other kinds of self-denial.
  She matured, and the family she came from grew into power and riches, during the last, magnificent flowering of the Papacy before it was threatened by the austerities of the Reformation.
  The austerities of the Second World War and its aftermath put an end to whimsical parties.
  The mind is not softened by fasting or austerities.
  Alive, they lit fewer votive candles, and showed less interest in religious confraternities or the austerities of the monastic life.
  Suddenly, the austerities of the past two months, as well as the glorious thoughts, dreams and visions all merged within my consciousness.
2Difficult economic conditions created by government measures to reduce public expenditure.
（政府开支的）紧缩，缩减
the country was subjected to acute economic austerity
count noun the austerities of post-war London
Example sentencesExamples
- In this manner the culture of austerity forces otherwise reluctant workers into the labour market thus helps keep wages down.…
- A program of austerity measures and economic reforms may please foreign capital but it will not guarantee popular support.
- But after 1945, Britain was marked by austerity.
- The downturn in the economy caused the government to impose harsh austerity measures.
- The austerity measures have created a pool of discontented young men, with no prospect of a job or a future, who are being exploited by militia leaders for their own ends.
- If the European Commission and EcoFin can actually manage to force Germany and France into austerity programs with the threat of fiscal sanctions, then the supranational argument wins the day.
- International financial investors appeared satisfied, at least for the moment, with a new round of economic austerity measures that provoked crippling strikes by the Argentine workers last week.
- The new austerity measures include higher taxes on wages and pensions and a value-added tax on services, such as transportation, which up to now had been exempt.
- Oh, well, in the war, of course it was austerity; the whole centre of Manchester was totally destroyed.
- A small degree of economic growth was recorded in 1995, despite a sense of economic crisis in the country, which led to the introduction of economic austerity measures.
- Moreover, colourful and spectacular films provided a welcome means of escape from the austerities of the post-war era.
- Further cuts and austerity measures affecting social expenditure can already be foreseen.
- After the lean austerity of the war years a growing number of Australian fashion designers were able to source a wide range of materials to create stunning garments for all manner of social occasions.
- The festival aimed to raise the nation's spirits following the war and years of austerity, whilst promoting the very best in British art, design and industry.
- When Canadians patiently accepted cutbacks to health care, unemployment insurance, and many other social programs, we were told that all this austerity was necessary to attract foreign investors.
- The continuation of economic austerity policies under these conditions has provoked a wave of upheavals throughout the continent.
- Earlier this year, China launched austerity measures to reduce the amount of construction activity in leading cities to prevent the economy from overheating.
- The protesters are demanding the government rescind a series of austerity measures that would tax workers' wages and pensions.
- The war years brought loss of loved ones, social change, times of austerity, an awareness of New Zealand's vulnerability, and defence measures.
- After the devastation of war and years of austerity, the Festival aimed to raise the nation's spirits whilst promoting the very best in British art, design and industry.
- The subject of the campaign, ironically, is fiscal austerity,’ Campbell said in a press release.
Synonyms
privation, deprivation, destitution, poverty, penury, want, need, neediness, beggary, impecuniousness, impecuniosity, financial distress

Origin

Late Middle English: from French austérité, from Latin austeritas, from austerus 'severe' (see austere).

Rhymes

ambidexterity, asperity, celerity, dexterity, ferrety, posterity, prosperity, severity, sincerity, temerity, verity

Definition of austerity in US English:

austerity

nounôˈsterədēɔˈstɛrədi

1Sternness or severity of manner or attitude.
严格；严厉
he was noted for his austerity and his authoritarianism
他以严厉和专制著称。
Example sentencesExamples
- Virgil's purpose was moral, and his main concern is to describe the farmer's virtues of austerity, integrity, and hard work, which made Rome great.
- His chin is firm, mouth straight and serious, a hint of austerity balanced by humour in the corners.
- The austerity that one normally associates with courthouses is also quickly dispelled by the sight of a roaring open fire, a sight to delight on a cold, wet January night.
- In observable characteristics, Saturn depicts someone who is characterised by austerity or seriousness.
- He was a mix of austerity and kindness, often a sweet and solicitous friend.
- Idealism, integrity, austerity, sacrifice; these were the signatures of the middle class to which they belonged.
- She has added an element of sophisticated glamour to his image of Presbyterian austerity.
- Joyce regards his world variously, with rigorous irony, satiric austerity - yet with unflagging magnanimity and pervasive humor.
Synonyms
severity, harshness, rigidity, rigidness, stringency, rigorousness
1. 1.1 Extreme plainness and simplicity of style or appearance.
  朴素；朴实；简陋
  the room was decorated with a restraint bordering on austerity
  房间装饰几近简陋。
  Example sentencesExamples
  At times, however, music of great austerity and purity is shattered by painful, pounding discords.
  His uncanny, unmistakable style crossed Cubist austerity with lush Surrealism.
  There is elegance to the restraint and austerity of the imagery that extends to, or perhaps finds inspiration in, the clean utility of the printed page.
  A lot of the architecture in the city centre as a whole dates from the turn of the 19th century into the 20th and is a mixture of Victorian austerity and art nouveau decadence.
  I especially love Inuit art for its austerity and cleanliness.
  It had charm despite its austerity: a few books and an empty vase on the sideboard.
  The geometric segments of the sails have a quite mathematical purity and austerity.
  Like it or not, the beauty of mathematics springs from its rigorous austerity.
  The simplicity and the austerity of Huguenot ritual reflects their thoroughgoing sense of the difference between physical and spiritual ‘death.’
  Particularly relevant is Hawes's preference for an architecture of honesty and austerity, stripped of unnecessary embellishment and free of copyism.
  In this historical context, the director's main aim is to remind the audience of virtues such as coherence, austerity, passion and faith.
  Synonyms
  plainness, absence of adornment, lack of adornment, absence of decoration, lack of decoration, absence of ornament, absence of ornamentation, lack of ornament, lack of ornamentation, absence of embellishment, lack of embellishment, unpretentiousness
2. 1.2austerities Conditions characterized by severity, sternness, or asceticism.
  艰苦生活；禁欲生活
  a simple life of prayer and personal austerity
  由祈祷和个人禁欲构成的简单生活。
  Example sentencesExamples
  She matured, and the family she came from grew into power and riches, during the last, magnificent flowering of the Papacy before it was threatened by the austerities of the Reformation.
  The austerities of the Second World War and its aftermath put an end to whimsical parties.
  The four-and-a-half hours of sleep a night is only part of the austerities practiced here.
  Such austerities were employed in an attempt to gain insight into the fundamental nature of existence.
  They are not formally bound to the evangelical counsels of perfection nor do they practice visible austerities.
  As he approaches 80, he seems to be relaxing some of the long-held austerities of his art.
  Alive, they lit fewer votive candles, and showed less interest in religious confraternities or the austerities of the monastic life.
  The mind is not softened by fasting or austerities.
  Many also practised severe austerities, subjecting themselves to extremes of temperature, hunger and thirst, painful bodily distortions, and various other kinds of self-denial.
  Suddenly, the austerities of the past two months, as well as the glorious thoughts, dreams and visions all merged within my consciousness.
  During his extensive wanderings, he practiced great austerities, but apparently became disillusioned with these methods.
  That is not to say that we must deliberately seek out physical austerities, because this may have the wrong effect.
  By reciting certain mantras and performing austerities one's consciousness is expanded and one develops supernatural abilities.
3. 1.3 Difficult economic conditions created by government measures to reduce a budget deficit, especially by reducing public expenditure.
  （政府开支的）紧缩，缩减
  a period of austerity
  经济紧缩时期。
  as modifier austerity measures
  缩减开支的措施。
  Example sentencesExamples
  A program of austerity measures and economic reforms may please foreign capital but it will not guarantee popular support.
  If the European Commission and EcoFin can actually manage to force Germany and France into austerity programs with the threat of fiscal sanctions, then the supranational argument wins the day.
  International financial investors appeared satisfied, at least for the moment, with a new round of economic austerity measures that provoked crippling strikes by the Argentine workers last week.
  The downturn in the economy caused the government to impose harsh austerity measures.
  The subject of the campaign, ironically, is fiscal austerity,’ Campbell said in a press release.
  After the lean austerity of the war years a growing number of Australian fashion designers were able to source a wide range of materials to create stunning garments for all manner of social occasions.
  Moreover, colourful and spectacular films provided a welcome means of escape from the austerities of the post-war era.
  Oh, well, in the war, of course it was austerity; the whole centre of Manchester was totally destroyed.
  But after 1945, Britain was marked by austerity.
  The festival aimed to raise the nation's spirits following the war and years of austerity, whilst promoting the very best in British art, design and industry.
  Further cuts and austerity measures affecting social expenditure can already be foreseen.
  The continuation of economic austerity policies under these conditions has provoked a wave of upheavals throughout the continent.
  When Canadians patiently accepted cutbacks to health care, unemployment insurance, and many other social programs, we were told that all this austerity was necessary to attract foreign investors.
  Earlier this year, China launched austerity measures to reduce the amount of construction activity in leading cities to prevent the economy from overheating.
  The austerity measures have created a pool of discontented young men, with no prospect of a job or a future, who are being exploited by militia leaders for their own ends.
  After the devastation of war and years of austerity, the Festival aimed to raise the nation's spirits whilst promoting the very best in British art, design and industry.
  A small degree of economic growth was recorded in 1995, despite a sense of economic crisis in the country, which led to the introduction of economic austerity measures.
  The war years brought loss of loved ones, social change, times of austerity, an awareness of New Zealand's vulnerability, and defence measures.
  The new austerity measures include higher taxes on wages and pensions and a value-added tax on services, such as transportation, which up to now had been exempt.
  In this manner the culture of austerity forces otherwise reluctant workers into the labour market thus helps keep wages down.…
  The protesters are demanding the government rescind a series of austerity measures that would tax workers' wages and pensions.
  Synonyms
  privation, deprivation, destitution, poverty, penury, want, need, neediness, beggary, impecuniousness, impecuniosity, financial distress

Origin

Late Middle English: from French austérité, from Latin austeritas, from austerus ‘severe’ (see austere).

单词	austerity
释义	Definition of austerity in English: austerity nounPlural austerities ɒˈstɛrɪtiɔːˈstɛrɪtiɔˈstɛrədi mass noun 1Sternness or severity of manner or attitude. 严格；严厉 he was noted for his austerity and his authoritarianism 他以严厉和专制著称。 Example sentencesExamples He was a mix of austerity and kindness, often a sweet and solicitous friend. The austerity that one normally associates with courthouses is also quickly dispelled by the sight of a roaring open fire, a sight to delight on a cold, wet January night. Virgil's purpose was moral, and his main concern is to describe the farmer's virtues of austerity, integrity, and hard work, which made Rome great. She has added an element of sophisticated glamour to his image of Presbyterian austerity. Joyce regards his world variously, with rigorous irony, satiric austerity - yet with unflagging magnanimity and pervasive humor. Idealism, integrity, austerity, sacrifice; these were the signatures of the middle class to which they belonged. His chin is firm, mouth straight and serious, a hint of austerity balanced by humour in the corners. In observable characteristics, Saturn depicts someone who is characterised by austerity or seriousness. Synonyms severity, harshness, rigidity, rigidness, stringency, rigorousness 1.1 Plainness and simplicity in appearance. 朴素；朴实；简陋 the room was decorated with a restraint bordering on austerity 房间装饰几近简陋。 Example sentencesExamples Like it or not, the beauty of mathematics springs from its rigorous austerity. At times, however, music of great austerity and purity is shattered by painful, pounding discords. The geometric segments of the sails have a quite mathematical purity and austerity. In this historical context, the director's main aim is to remind the audience of virtues such as coherence, austerity, passion and faith. It had charm despite its austerity: a few books and an empty vase on the sideboard. I especially love Inuit art for its austerity and cleanliness. A lot of the architecture in the city centre as a whole dates from the turn of the 19th century into the 20th and is a mixture of Victorian austerity and art nouveau decadence. His uncanny, unmistakable style crossed Cubist austerity with lush Surrealism. The simplicity and the austerity of Huguenot ritual reflects their thoroughgoing sense of the difference between physical and spiritual ‘death.’ Particularly relevant is Hawes's preference for an architecture of honesty and austerity, stripped of unnecessary embellishment and free of copyism. There is elegance to the restraint and austerity of the imagery that extends to, or perhaps finds inspiration in, the clean utility of the printed page. Synonyms plainness, absence of adornment, lack of adornment, absence of decoration, lack of decoration, absence of ornament, absence of ornamentation, lack of ornament, lack of ornamentation, absence of embellishment, lack of embellishment, unpretentiousness 1.2usually austeritiescount noun A feature of an austere way of life. his uncle's austerities had undermined his health 他叔叔节衣缩食的生活把身体搞垮了。 Example sentencesExamples As he approaches 80, he seems to be relaxing some of the long-held austerities of his art. They are not formally bound to the evangelical counsels of perfection nor do they practice visible austerities. By reciting certain mantras and performing austerities one's consciousness is expanded and one develops supernatural abilities. Such austerities were employed in an attempt to gain insight into the fundamental nature of existence. That is not to say that we must deliberately seek out physical austerities, because this may have the wrong effect. The four-and-a-half hours of sleep a night is only part of the austerities practiced here. During his extensive wanderings, he practiced great austerities, but apparently became disillusioned with these methods. Many also practised severe austerities, subjecting themselves to extremes of temperature, hunger and thirst, painful bodily distortions, and various other kinds of self-denial. She matured, and the family she came from grew into power and riches, during the last, magnificent flowering of the Papacy before it was threatened by the austerities of the Reformation. The austerities of the Second World War and its aftermath put an end to whimsical parties. The mind is not softened by fasting or austerities. Alive, they lit fewer votive candles, and showed less interest in religious confraternities or the austerities of the monastic life. Suddenly, the austerities of the past two months, as well as the glorious thoughts, dreams and visions all merged within my consciousness. 2Difficult economic conditions created by government measures to reduce public expenditure. （政府开支的）紧缩，缩减 the country was subjected to acute economic austerity count noun the austerities of post-war London Example sentencesExamples In this manner the culture of austerity forces otherwise reluctant workers into the labour market thus helps keep wages down.… A program of austerity measures and economic reforms may please foreign capital but it will not guarantee popular support. But after 1945, Britain was marked by austerity. The downturn in the economy caused the government to impose harsh austerity measures. The austerity measures have created a pool of discontented young men, with no prospect of a job or a future, who are being exploited by militia leaders for their own ends. If the European Commission and EcoFin can actually manage to force Germany and France into austerity programs with the threat of fiscal sanctions, then the supranational argument wins the day. International financial investors appeared satisfied, at least for the moment, with a new round of economic austerity measures that provoked crippling strikes by the Argentine workers last week. The new austerity measures include higher taxes on wages and pensions and a value-added tax on services, such as transportation, which up to now had been exempt. Oh, well, in the war, of course it was austerity; the whole centre of Manchester was totally destroyed. A small degree of economic growth was recorded in 1995, despite a sense of economic crisis in the country, which led to the introduction of economic austerity measures. Moreover, colourful and spectacular films provided a welcome means of escape from the austerities of the post-war era. Further cuts and austerity measures affecting social expenditure can already be foreseen. After the lean austerity of the war years a growing number of Australian fashion designers were able to source a wide range of materials to create stunning garments for all manner of social occasions. The festival aimed to raise the nation's spirits following the war and years of austerity, whilst promoting the very best in British art, design and industry. When Canadians patiently accepted cutbacks to health care, unemployment insurance, and many other social programs, we were told that all this austerity was necessary to attract foreign investors. The continuation of economic austerity policies under these conditions has provoked a wave of upheavals throughout the continent. Earlier this year, China launched austerity measures to reduce the amount of construction activity in leading cities to prevent the economy from overheating. The protesters are demanding the government rescind a series of austerity measures that would tax workers' wages and pensions. The war years brought loss of loved ones, social change, times of austerity, an awareness of New Zealand's vulnerability, and defence measures. After the devastation of war and years of austerity, the Festival aimed to raise the nation's spirits whilst promoting the very best in British art, design and industry. The subject of the campaign, ironically, is fiscal austerity,’ Campbell said in a press release. Synonyms privation, deprivation, destitution, poverty, penury, want, need, neediness, beggary, impecuniousness, impecuniosity, financial distress Origin Late Middle English: from French austérité, from Latin austeritas, from austerus 'severe' (see austere). Rhymes ambidexterity, asperity, celerity, dexterity, ferrety, posterity, prosperity, severity, sincerity, temerity, verity Definition of austerity in US English: austerity nounôˈsterədēɔˈstɛrədi 1Sternness or severity of manner or attitude. 严格；严厉 he was noted for his austerity and his authoritarianism 他以严厉和专制著称。 Example sentencesExamples Virgil's purpose was moral, and his main concern is to describe the farmer's virtues of austerity, integrity, and hard work, which made Rome great. His chin is firm, mouth straight and serious, a hint of austerity balanced by humour in the corners. The austerity that one normally associates with courthouses is also quickly dispelled by the sight of a roaring open fire, a sight to delight on a cold, wet January night. In observable characteristics, Saturn depicts someone who is characterised by austerity or seriousness. He was a mix of austerity and kindness, often a sweet and solicitous friend. Idealism, integrity, austerity, sacrifice; these were the signatures of the middle class to which they belonged. She has added an element of sophisticated glamour to his image of Presbyterian austerity. Joyce regards his world variously, with rigorous irony, satiric austerity - yet with unflagging magnanimity and pervasive humor. Synonyms severity, harshness, rigidity, rigidness, stringency, rigorousness 1.1 Extreme plainness and simplicity of style or appearance. 朴素；朴实；简陋 the room was decorated with a restraint bordering on austerity 房间装饰几近简陋。 Example sentencesExamples At times, however, music of great austerity and purity is shattered by painful, pounding discords. His uncanny, unmistakable style crossed Cubist austerity with lush Surrealism. There is elegance to the restraint and austerity of the imagery that extends to, or perhaps finds inspiration in, the clean utility of the printed page. A lot of the architecture in the city centre as a whole dates from the turn of the 19th century into the 20th and is a mixture of Victorian austerity and art nouveau decadence. I especially love Inuit art for its austerity and cleanliness. It had charm despite its austerity: a few books and an empty vase on the sideboard. The geometric segments of the sails have a quite mathematical purity and austerity. Like it or not, the beauty of mathematics springs from its rigorous austerity. The simplicity and the austerity of Huguenot ritual reflects their thoroughgoing sense of the difference between physical and spiritual ‘death.’ Particularly relevant is Hawes's preference for an architecture of honesty and austerity, stripped of unnecessary embellishment and free of copyism. In this historical context, the director's main aim is to remind the audience of virtues such as coherence, austerity, passion and faith. Synonyms plainness, absence of adornment, lack of adornment, absence of decoration, lack of decoration, absence of ornament, absence of ornamentation, lack of ornament, lack of ornamentation, absence of embellishment, lack of embellishment, unpretentiousness 1.2austerities Conditions characterized by severity, sternness, or asceticism. 艰苦生活；禁欲生活 a simple life of prayer and personal austerity 由祈祷和个人禁欲构成的简单生活。 Example sentencesExamples She matured, and the family she came from grew into power and riches, during the last, magnificent flowering of the Papacy before it was threatened by the austerities of the Reformation. The austerities of the Second World War and its aftermath put an end to whimsical parties. The four-and-a-half hours of sleep a night is only part of the austerities practiced here. Such austerities were employed in an attempt to gain insight into the fundamental nature of existence. They are not formally bound to the evangelical counsels of perfection nor do they practice visible austerities. As he approaches 80, he seems to be relaxing some of the long-held austerities of his art. Alive, they lit fewer votive candles, and showed less interest in religious confraternities or the austerities of the monastic life. The mind is not softened by fasting or austerities. Many also practised severe austerities, subjecting themselves to extremes of temperature, hunger and thirst, painful bodily distortions, and various other kinds of self-denial. Suddenly, the austerities of the past two months, as well as the glorious thoughts, dreams and visions all merged within my consciousness. During his extensive wanderings, he practiced great austerities, but apparently became disillusioned with these methods. That is not to say that we must deliberately seek out physical austerities, because this may have the wrong effect. By reciting certain mantras and performing austerities one's consciousness is expanded and one develops supernatural abilities. 1.3 Difficult economic conditions created by government measures to reduce a budget deficit, especially by reducing public expenditure. （政府开支的）紧缩，缩减 a period of austerity 经济紧缩时期。 as modifier austerity measures 缩减开支的措施。 Example sentencesExamples A program of austerity measures and economic reforms may please foreign capital but it will not guarantee popular support. If the European Commission and EcoFin can actually manage to force Germany and France into austerity programs with the threat of fiscal sanctions, then the supranational argument wins the day. International financial investors appeared satisfied, at least for the moment, with a new round of economic austerity measures that provoked crippling strikes by the Argentine workers last week. The downturn in the economy caused the government to impose harsh austerity measures. The subject of the campaign, ironically, is fiscal austerity,’ Campbell said in a press release. After the lean austerity of the war years a growing number of Australian fashion designers were able to source a wide range of materials to create stunning garments for all manner of social occasions. Moreover, colourful and spectacular films provided a welcome means of escape from the austerities of the post-war era. Oh, well, in the war, of course it was austerity; the whole centre of Manchester was totally destroyed. But after 1945, Britain was marked by austerity. The festival aimed to raise the nation's spirits following the war and years of austerity, whilst promoting the very best in British art, design and industry. Further cuts and austerity measures affecting social expenditure can already be foreseen. The continuation of economic austerity policies under these conditions has provoked a wave of upheavals throughout the continent. When Canadians patiently accepted cutbacks to health care, unemployment insurance, and many other social programs, we were told that all this austerity was necessary to attract foreign investors. Earlier this year, China launched austerity measures to reduce the amount of construction activity in leading cities to prevent the economy from overheating. The austerity measures have created a pool of discontented young men, with no prospect of a job or a future, who are being exploited by militia leaders for their own ends. After the devastation of war and years of austerity, the Festival aimed to raise the nation's spirits whilst promoting the very best in British art, design and industry. A small degree of economic growth was recorded in 1995, despite a sense of economic crisis in the country, which led to the introduction of economic austerity measures. The war years brought loss of loved ones, social change, times of austerity, an awareness of New Zealand's vulnerability, and defence measures. The new austerity measures include higher taxes on wages and pensions and a value-added tax on services, such as transportation, which up to now had been exempt. In this manner the culture of austerity forces otherwise reluctant workers into the labour market thus helps keep wages down.… The protesters are demanding the government rescind a series of austerity measures that would tax workers' wages and pensions. Synonyms privation, deprivation, destitution, poverty, penury, want, need, neediness, beggary, impecuniousness, impecuniosity, financial distress Origin Late Middle English: from French austérité, from Latin austeritas, from austerus ‘severe’ (see austere).
随便看	permissively permissively permissiveness permissiveness permissivenesses permissive society permissive waste permissivism permissivist permissory permit permitable permit entry permit entry to permit me permit me permit of permit of permits permittable permittance permitted permitted hours permitted quantity permittee