Definition of chronic in English:

chronic

adjective ˈkrɒnɪkˈkrɑnɪk

1(of an illness) persisting for a long time or constantly recurring.
（疾病）长期的；经常复发的；慢性的
chronic bronchitis
慢性支气管炎。常与ACUTE 相对。
Often contrasted with acute
Example sentencesExamples
- These included 105 patients who presented with persistent chronic diarrhoea and 48 patients without diarrhoea.
- The states previously had reserved the vaccine for older adults, infants and people with chronic medical conditions.
- Funding restrictions mean chronic staff shortages and cuts to services, producing long waiting lists and public health breakdowns.
- Many students endured poor living conditions and chronic ill health, thanks to the prevalence of tuberculosis and other diseases.
- Its people suffer from chronic malnutrition and a high annual population growth rate.
- There are difficulties in managing communication with young people who have a chronic, life threatening illness.
- Studies show that hypnosis can treat everything from chronic pain to poor study habits.
- People with chronic respiratory or cardiovascular illness or immune system diseases are also more susceptible than others to pollutants.
- They come seeking help for work-related stress, irregular sleeping hours, unhealthy food habits and chronic fatigue.
- Leishmaniasis should be considered in any person from an endemic area who has chronic localized skin lesions.
- For the most part, therapy of chronic asthma consisted of treating bronchospastic episodes as they arose by using medications intermittently.
- Critics believe these irritants cause heart attacks, lung and bladder cancer, chronic asthma, bronchitis and even hay fever.
- These drugs, and certain more powerful compounds such as piroxicam are important because they are used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in chronic diseases such as arthritis.
- These affect both the structure and vibration of the vocal cords and causes chronic changes in the quality of voice.
- Living with an invisible chronic illness can mean constantly trying to redefine your condition.
- The clinical infection is characterized by chronic fever and hepatosplenomegaly.
- I'm especially under pressure on this because of my dad's age and chronic poor health.
- We found that chronic bronchitis and current smoking were independent and additive risk factors for snoring.
- The only thing we can say for certain is that we still have a lot to learn about the relation between cancer and chronic inflammation.
- Discoid lupus erythematosus is a chronic disease characterized by inflammatory, scarring lesions.
- We randomised patients managed by general physicians and general practitioners, who care for most people with chronic heart failure.
Synonyms
persistent, long-standing, long-term, constantly recurring
incurable
rare immedicable
1. 1.1 (of a person) having a chronic illness.
  （人）患慢性病的
  a chronic asthmatic
  慢性气喘病患者。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Richard Kramer, head of policy, told the British Medical Journal it might reduce the risk of overdose and could suit chronic users.
  He was a chronic alcoholic and had severe problems in disciplining his work, which went through innumerable revisions.
  In chronic patients, there are more acute phases, more ups and downs.
  Sodium sulfites can be fatal to chronic asthmatics.
  At work today in the clinic, one of our chronic patients, a little three year old girl comes for an appointment with her mother, a 22 year old.
  Like a chronic patient fearing his final moment or wishing for a miracle to happen, Indian football lives on eternal hope.
  Ms Brown said Jack is a chronic asthmatic and was stressed at the time.
  I was a chronic patient with a ten-year history of back pain.
  For the artist, hailed on his death as ‘the greatest British painter since Turner’, was a chronic asthmatic, and the illness suffuses his paintings.
  The focus of the adult euthanasia program was on adult chronic patients, especially mental patients.
  These patients were chronic, relapsing patients who came to a known addiction evaluation and treatment setting.
  The nurse or nurse practitioner will be able to see additional patients and follow up with chronic patients, which will free up the physician's time to see more new and complex patients.
  The council was branded heartless at the time because Kay suffers from spina bifida and Pearson is a chronic asthmatic.
  I see it frequently at work with my chronic patients.
  The vast majority of amnesic patients are chronic alcoholics, suffering from Korsakoff's syndrome.
  This lifestyle began to go badly wrong from the age of forty-four, when his horse rolled on him in a tournament, crippling one leg and leaving him a chronic invalid.
2. 1.2 (of a problem) long-lasting.
  the school suffers from chronic overcrowding
  学校长期以来为学生过多而困扰。
  Example sentencesExamples
  The country has been struggling with an economic crisis marked by chronic budget deficits and a national debt that is 116 percent of gross domestic product.
  Residents-only parking was introduced in 1996 to end the chronic problem of commuters parking their cars on residential street to avoid using car parks.
  Because the job requires its workers to be away from home, there is a chronic driver shortage.
  Hospitals in Greater Manchester are spending millions of pounds hiring private doctors to help cope with chronic staff shortages.
  He was interested in exploring the possibilities of having nuclear power to overcome the chronic energy deficit in his country.
  I'm more worried about what will happen to the Lions if they don't sort out their chronic problems at the breakdown in time for the first Test at Christchurch.
  Some of those children will find their way out of a cycle of poverty, poor education and chronic unemployment and eventually make satisfying lives and careers.
  Exasperated by the apparent chronic incompetence of the new Children and Family Court Advisory Service, he sacked the entire board.
  They have been a chronic problem in coastal areas in recent years, particularly in the New Forest, the Isle of Wight and Portsmouth.
  They insist that a pay rise is essential to attract new medical personnel and overcome chronic staff shortages.
  The problem is that there is a chronic need to address poor turnout.
  A terrible drought last year sparked chronic food shortages this year.
  So the MTA, squeezed from both the cost and the revenue sides, runs chronic operating deficits that are about to become unsustainable.
  But we have a chronic shortage of secondary school places which means that a huge number of Hackney children are travelling a quarter of the way round London every day.
  The Worcester House residence was rented by the university two years ago to ease chronic student accommodation shortages at the campus here.
  The new homes will be a world away from the 160,000 prefabs built to address the chronic housing shortage after the Second World War.
  Hundreds of children with severe psychological problems are not getting the help they urgently need because of a chronic staff shortage in Scotland's hospitals.
  Britain's chronic teacher shortage forced a number of state schools to introduce a four-day week earlier this month.
  What is wrong with the system is chronic under-funding, largely of the fiscal service.
  Poor countries face chronic crises so dire that the world's sensibilities have been numbed to them.
  Synonyms
  constant, continuing, continual, ceaseless, incessant, unabating, unending, persistent, perennial, long-lasting, lingering
  deep-rooted, deep-seated, ineradicable
  severe, serious, acute, grave, dire
3. 1.3 (of a person) having a bad habit.
  （人）患慢性病的
  a chronic liar
  惯于说谎者。
  Example sentencesExamples
  These bus drivers have managed to amass a well-earned reputation as being the most aggressive and reckless drivers in a country of poor roads and chronic speeders.
  As a chronic crowd avoider, I was fairly inclined to that camp.
  A generation ago over two thirds of chronic gamblers bet on the horses, only one in five played on the poker machines.
  Mike is a chronic liar, a Peter Pan figure who has trouble paying his bills and facing up to anything that whiffs of adult responsibility.
  The Wests are not all that bad, as chronic criminals go.
  That Moore is a chronic liar and twister of the truth obviously needs to be publicized as much as possible.
  He is also a chronic troublemaker and the father of a bunch of great kids.
  Several years ago, I was in a relationship with a chronic cheater.
  But a chronic victim owns it to herself or himself to seriously explore their own participation in a relationship of continuing abuse.
  But at betting on the nags, as any regular reader will know, I am a chronic loser, a completely hopeless case.
  How can you end a relationship with a chronic liar?
  One of the translations Andrew suggests is a chronically unlucky person, or perhaps walking disaster, chronic loser or even just loser if pressed for time.
  He says with 300,000 Australians now considered chronic gamblers, it's time the Federal Government took some responsibility.
  Dennis had several siblings, but he was the only chronic liar.
  I had thought they were chronic gamblers.
  Synonyms
  inveterate, confirmed, hardened, dyed-in-the-wool, incorrigible, habitual
  compulsive, pathological
2British informal Of a very poor quality.
〈英，非正式〉劣质的
the film was absolutely chronic
这部电影非常差劲。
Example sentencesExamples
- Is it a desire to draw attention away from his poor to chronic domestic policy record?
- The new big noise displayed a chronic lack of professionalism and failed hopelessly to live up to his billing.
Synonyms
very bad, appalling, awful, dreadful, terrible, frightful, atrocious, hopeless, abominable, laughable, lamentable, execrable

Derivatives

chronicity

noun krɒˈnɪsɪtikrɑˈnɪsədi

With its trait-like early onset, pervasiveness, and high chronicity, social anxiety disorder may be alternatively conceptualised as the pathologically extreme form of the continuum of social anxiety present in the community.
Example sentencesExamples
- A complete blood cell count with differential is sometimes useful to assess the illness further, in terms of detecting the severity of the infection, presence of associated conditions, and chronicity of infection.
- What I would like to see more research on is the chronicity of these illnesses.
- Studies have shown that, despite the chronicity of this illness, short-term treatment with antidepressant medications results in rapid and marked improvement in social and vocational functioning.
- With this patient then, the issues of chronicity, pervasiveness, ‘level of distress’, etc. would calibrate the application of any specific technique.

Origin

Late Middle English: from French chronique, via Latin from Greek khronikos 'of time', from khronos 'time'.

Words beginning chron- have something to do with time: the root being Greek khronos ‘time’. A chronic illness is one that persists for a long time. In informal British English the word can also mean ‘of very poor quality’, as in ‘the film was chronic’, a sense developing from the idea of unending tedium. See also anachronism, crony

Rhymes

anachronic, animatronic, bionic, Brythonic, bubonic, Byronic, canonic, carbonic, catatonic, chalcedonic, colonic, conic, cyclonic, daemonic, demonic, diatonic, draconic, electronic, embryonic, euphonic, harmonic, hegemonic, histrionic, homophonic, hypersonic, iconic, ionic, ironic, isotonic, laconic, macaronic, Masonic, Miltonic, mnemonic, monotonic, moronic, Napoleonic, philharmonic, phonic, Platonic, Plutonic, polyphonic, quadraphonic, sardonic, saxophonic, siphonic, Slavonic, sonic, stereophonic, subsonic, subtonic, symphonic, tectonic, Teutonic, thermionic, tonic, transonic, ultrasonic

Definition of chronic in US English:

chronic

adjectiveˈkränikˈkrɑnɪk

1(of an illness) persisting for a long time or constantly recurring.
（疾病）长期的；经常复发的；慢性的
chronic bronchitis
慢性支气管炎。常与ACUTE 相对。
Often contrasted with acute
Example sentencesExamples
- Many students endured poor living conditions and chronic ill health, thanks to the prevalence of tuberculosis and other diseases.
- These included 105 patients who presented with persistent chronic diarrhoea and 48 patients without diarrhoea.
- These drugs, and certain more powerful compounds such as piroxicam are important because they are used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in chronic diseases such as arthritis.
- For the most part, therapy of chronic asthma consisted of treating bronchospastic episodes as they arose by using medications intermittently.
- They come seeking help for work-related stress, irregular sleeping hours, unhealthy food habits and chronic fatigue.
- The states previously had reserved the vaccine for older adults, infants and people with chronic medical conditions.
- I'm especially under pressure on this because of my dad's age and chronic poor health.
- Funding restrictions mean chronic staff shortages and cuts to services, producing long waiting lists and public health breakdowns.
- Living with an invisible chronic illness can mean constantly trying to redefine your condition.
- The clinical infection is characterized by chronic fever and hepatosplenomegaly.
- Discoid lupus erythematosus is a chronic disease characterized by inflammatory, scarring lesions.
- People with chronic respiratory or cardiovascular illness or immune system diseases are also more susceptible than others to pollutants.
- Leishmaniasis should be considered in any person from an endemic area who has chronic localized skin lesions.
- These affect both the structure and vibration of the vocal cords and causes chronic changes in the quality of voice.
- We found that chronic bronchitis and current smoking were independent and additive risk factors for snoring.
- We randomised patients managed by general physicians and general practitioners, who care for most people with chronic heart failure.
- Its people suffer from chronic malnutrition and a high annual population growth rate.
- There are difficulties in managing communication with young people who have a chronic, life threatening illness.
- Studies show that hypnosis can treat everything from chronic pain to poor study habits.
- Critics believe these irritants cause heart attacks, lung and bladder cancer, chronic asthma, bronchitis and even hay fever.
- The only thing we can say for certain is that we still have a lot to learn about the relation between cancer and chronic inflammation.
Synonyms
persistent, long-standing, long-term, constantly recurring
1. 1.1 (of a person) having an illness persisting for a long time or constantly recurring.
  （疾病）长期的；经常复发的；慢性的
  a chronic asthmatic
  慢性气喘病患者。
  Example sentencesExamples
  For the artist, hailed on his death as ‘the greatest British painter since Turner’, was a chronic asthmatic, and the illness suffuses his paintings.
  Ms Brown said Jack is a chronic asthmatic and was stressed at the time.
  I was a chronic patient with a ten-year history of back pain.
  The council was branded heartless at the time because Kay suffers from spina bifida and Pearson is a chronic asthmatic.
  Like a chronic patient fearing his final moment or wishing for a miracle to happen, Indian football lives on eternal hope.
  These patients were chronic, relapsing patients who came to a known addiction evaluation and treatment setting.
  I see it frequently at work with my chronic patients.
  The nurse or nurse practitioner will be able to see additional patients and follow up with chronic patients, which will free up the physician's time to see more new and complex patients.
  In chronic patients, there are more acute phases, more ups and downs.
  Sodium sulfites can be fatal to chronic asthmatics.
  The vast majority of amnesic patients are chronic alcoholics, suffering from Korsakoff's syndrome.
  The focus of the adult euthanasia program was on adult chronic patients, especially mental patients.
  He was a chronic alcoholic and had severe problems in disciplining his work, which went through innumerable revisions.
  This lifestyle began to go badly wrong from the age of forty-four, when his horse rolled on him in a tournament, crippling one leg and leaving him a chronic invalid.
  Richard Kramer, head of policy, told the British Medical Journal it might reduce the risk of overdose and could suit chronic users.
  At work today in the clinic, one of our chronic patients, a little three year old girl comes for an appointment with her mother, a 22 year old.
2. 1.2 (of a problem) long-lasting and difficult to eradicate.
  （问题）长期难以根除的，顽固的
  the school suffers from chronic overcrowding
  学校长期以来为学生过多而困扰。
  Example sentencesExamples
  They have been a chronic problem in coastal areas in recent years, particularly in the New Forest, the Isle of Wight and Portsmouth.
  Some of those children will find their way out of a cycle of poverty, poor education and chronic unemployment and eventually make satisfying lives and careers.
  Because the job requires its workers to be away from home, there is a chronic driver shortage.
  The problem is that there is a chronic need to address poor turnout.
  I'm more worried about what will happen to the Lions if they don't sort out their chronic problems at the breakdown in time for the first Test at Christchurch.
  Residents-only parking was introduced in 1996 to end the chronic problem of commuters parking their cars on residential street to avoid using car parks.
  He was interested in exploring the possibilities of having nuclear power to overcome the chronic energy deficit in his country.
  But we have a chronic shortage of secondary school places which means that a huge number of Hackney children are travelling a quarter of the way round London every day.
  Hospitals in Greater Manchester are spending millions of pounds hiring private doctors to help cope with chronic staff shortages.
  What is wrong with the system is chronic under-funding, largely of the fiscal service.
  The country has been struggling with an economic crisis marked by chronic budget deficits and a national debt that is 116 percent of gross domestic product.
  The new homes will be a world away from the 160,000 prefabs built to address the chronic housing shortage after the Second World War.
  Exasperated by the apparent chronic incompetence of the new Children and Family Court Advisory Service, he sacked the entire board.
  They insist that a pay rise is essential to attract new medical personnel and overcome chronic staff shortages.
  Britain's chronic teacher shortage forced a number of state schools to introduce a four-day week earlier this month.
  The Worcester House residence was rented by the university two years ago to ease chronic student accommodation shortages at the campus here.
  Poor countries face chronic crises so dire that the world's sensibilities have been numbed to them.
  So the MTA, squeezed from both the cost and the revenue sides, runs chronic operating deficits that are about to become unsustainable.
  Hundreds of children with severe psychological problems are not getting the help they urgently need because of a chronic staff shortage in Scotland's hospitals.
  A terrible drought last year sparked chronic food shortages this year.
  Synonyms
  constant, continuing, continual, ceaseless, incessant, unabating, unending, persistent, perennial, long-lasting, lingering
3. 1.3 (of a person) having a particular bad habit.
  （人）有某恶习的
  a chronic liar
  惯于说谎者。
  Example sentencesExamples
  These bus drivers have managed to amass a well-earned reputation as being the most aggressive and reckless drivers in a country of poor roads and chronic speeders.
  How can you end a relationship with a chronic liar?
  The Wests are not all that bad, as chronic criminals go.
  He is also a chronic troublemaker and the father of a bunch of great kids.
  I had thought they were chronic gamblers.
  But at betting on the nags, as any regular reader will know, I am a chronic loser, a completely hopeless case.
  Several years ago, I was in a relationship with a chronic cheater.
  A generation ago over two thirds of chronic gamblers bet on the horses, only one in five played on the poker machines.
  As a chronic crowd avoider, I was fairly inclined to that camp.
  He says with 300,000 Australians now considered chronic gamblers, it's time the Federal Government took some responsibility.
  But a chronic victim owns it to herself or himself to seriously explore their own participation in a relationship of continuing abuse.
  One of the translations Andrew suggests is a chronically unlucky person, or perhaps walking disaster, chronic loser or even just loser if pressed for time.
  Mike is a chronic liar, a Peter Pan figure who has trouble paying his bills and facing up to anything that whiffs of adult responsibility.
  That Moore is a chronic liar and twister of the truth obviously needs to be publicized as much as possible.
  Dennis had several siblings, but he was the only chronic liar.
  Synonyms
  inveterate, confirmed, hardened, dyed-in-the-wool, incorrigible, habitual

Usage

Chronic is often used to mean ‘habitual, inveterate,’ e.g., a chronic liar. Some consider this use incorrect. The precise meaning of chronic is ‘persisting for a long time,’ and it is used chiefly of illnesses or other problems: more than one million people in the US have chronic bronchitis

Origin

Late Middle English: from French chronique, via Latin from Greek khronikos ‘of time’, from khronos ‘time’.

单词	chronic
释义	Definition of chronic in English: chronic adjective ˈkrɒnɪkˈkrɑnɪk 1(of an illness) persisting for a long time or constantly recurring. （疾病）长期的；经常复发的；慢性的 chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎。常与ACUTE 相对。 Often contrasted with acute Example sentencesExamples These included 105 patients who presented with persistent chronic diarrhoea and 48 patients without diarrhoea. The states previously had reserved the vaccine for older adults, infants and people with chronic medical conditions. Funding restrictions mean chronic staff shortages and cuts to services, producing long waiting lists and public health breakdowns. Many students endured poor living conditions and chronic ill health, thanks to the prevalence of tuberculosis and other diseases. Its people suffer from chronic malnutrition and a high annual population growth rate. There are difficulties in managing communication with young people who have a chronic, life threatening illness. Studies show that hypnosis can treat everything from chronic pain to poor study habits. People with chronic respiratory or cardiovascular illness or immune system diseases are also more susceptible than others to pollutants. They come seeking help for work-related stress, irregular sleeping hours, unhealthy food habits and chronic fatigue. Leishmaniasis should be considered in any person from an endemic area who has chronic localized skin lesions. For the most part, therapy of chronic asthma consisted of treating bronchospastic episodes as they arose by using medications intermittently. Critics believe these irritants cause heart attacks, lung and bladder cancer, chronic asthma, bronchitis and even hay fever. These drugs, and certain more powerful compounds such as piroxicam are important because they are used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in chronic diseases such as arthritis. These affect both the structure and vibration of the vocal cords and causes chronic changes in the quality of voice. Living with an invisible chronic illness can mean constantly trying to redefine your condition. The clinical infection is characterized by chronic fever and hepatosplenomegaly. I'm especially under pressure on this because of my dad's age and chronic poor health. We found that chronic bronchitis and current smoking were independent and additive risk factors for snoring. The only thing we can say for certain is that we still have a lot to learn about the relation between cancer and chronic inflammation. Discoid lupus erythematosus is a chronic disease characterized by inflammatory, scarring lesions. We randomised patients managed by general physicians and general practitioners, who care for most people with chronic heart failure. Synonyms persistent, long-standing, long-term, constantly recurring incurable rare immedicable 1.1 (of a person) having a chronic illness. （人）患慢性病的 a chronic asthmatic 慢性气喘病患者。 Example sentencesExamples Richard Kramer, head of policy, told the British Medical Journal it might reduce the risk of overdose and could suit chronic users. He was a chronic alcoholic and had severe problems in disciplining his work, which went through innumerable revisions. In chronic patients, there are more acute phases, more ups and downs. Sodium sulfites can be fatal to chronic asthmatics. At work today in the clinic, one of our chronic patients, a little three year old girl comes for an appointment with her mother, a 22 year old. Like a chronic patient fearing his final moment or wishing for a miracle to happen, Indian football lives on eternal hope. Ms Brown said Jack is a chronic asthmatic and was stressed at the time. I was a chronic patient with a ten-year history of back pain. For the artist, hailed on his death as ‘the greatest British painter since Turner’, was a chronic asthmatic, and the illness suffuses his paintings. The focus of the adult euthanasia program was on adult chronic patients, especially mental patients. These patients were chronic, relapsing patients who came to a known addiction evaluation and treatment setting. The nurse or nurse practitioner will be able to see additional patients and follow up with chronic patients, which will free up the physician's time to see more new and complex patients. The council was branded heartless at the time because Kay suffers from spina bifida and Pearson is a chronic asthmatic. I see it frequently at work with my chronic patients. The vast majority of amnesic patients are chronic alcoholics, suffering from Korsakoff's syndrome. This lifestyle began to go badly wrong from the age of forty-four, when his horse rolled on him in a tournament, crippling one leg and leaving him a chronic invalid. 1.2 (of a problem) long-lasting. the school suffers from chronic overcrowding 学校长期以来为学生过多而困扰。 Example sentencesExamples The country has been struggling with an economic crisis marked by chronic budget deficits and a national debt that is 116 percent of gross domestic product. Residents-only parking was introduced in 1996 to end the chronic problem of commuters parking their cars on residential street to avoid using car parks. Because the job requires its workers to be away from home, there is a chronic driver shortage. Hospitals in Greater Manchester are spending millions of pounds hiring private doctors to help cope with chronic staff shortages. He was interested in exploring the possibilities of having nuclear power to overcome the chronic energy deficit in his country. I'm more worried about what will happen to the Lions if they don't sort out their chronic problems at the breakdown in time for the first Test at Christchurch. Some of those children will find their way out of a cycle of poverty, poor education and chronic unemployment and eventually make satisfying lives and careers. Exasperated by the apparent chronic incompetence of the new Children and Family Court Advisory Service, he sacked the entire board. They have been a chronic problem in coastal areas in recent years, particularly in the New Forest, the Isle of Wight and Portsmouth. They insist that a pay rise is essential to attract new medical personnel and overcome chronic staff shortages. The problem is that there is a chronic need to address poor turnout. A terrible drought last year sparked chronic food shortages this year. So the MTA, squeezed from both the cost and the revenue sides, runs chronic operating deficits that are about to become unsustainable. But we have a chronic shortage of secondary school places which means that a huge number of Hackney children are travelling a quarter of the way round London every day. The Worcester House residence was rented by the university two years ago to ease chronic student accommodation shortages at the campus here. The new homes will be a world away from the 160,000 prefabs built to address the chronic housing shortage after the Second World War. Hundreds of children with severe psychological problems are not getting the help they urgently need because of a chronic staff shortage in Scotland's hospitals. Britain's chronic teacher shortage forced a number of state schools to introduce a four-day week earlier this month. What is wrong with the system is chronic under-funding, largely of the fiscal service. Poor countries face chronic crises so dire that the world's sensibilities have been numbed to them. Synonyms constant, continuing, continual, ceaseless, incessant, unabating, unending, persistent, perennial, long-lasting, lingering deep-rooted, deep-seated, ineradicable severe, serious, acute, grave, dire 1.3 (of a person) having a bad habit. （人）患慢性病的 a chronic liar 惯于说谎者。 Example sentencesExamples These bus drivers have managed to amass a well-earned reputation as being the most aggressive and reckless drivers in a country of poor roads and chronic speeders. As a chronic crowd avoider, I was fairly inclined to that camp. A generation ago over two thirds of chronic gamblers bet on the horses, only one in five played on the poker machines. Mike is a chronic liar, a Peter Pan figure who has trouble paying his bills and facing up to anything that whiffs of adult responsibility. The Wests are not all that bad, as chronic criminals go. That Moore is a chronic liar and twister of the truth obviously needs to be publicized as much as possible. He is also a chronic troublemaker and the father of a bunch of great kids. Several years ago, I was in a relationship with a chronic cheater. But a chronic victim owns it to herself or himself to seriously explore their own participation in a relationship of continuing abuse. But at betting on the nags, as any regular reader will know, I am a chronic loser, a completely hopeless case. How can you end a relationship with a chronic liar? One of the translations Andrew suggests is a chronically unlucky person, or perhaps walking disaster, chronic loser or even just loser if pressed for time. He says with 300,000 Australians now considered chronic gamblers, it's time the Federal Government took some responsibility. Dennis had several siblings, but he was the only chronic liar. I had thought they were chronic gamblers. Synonyms inveterate, confirmed, hardened, dyed-in-the-wool, incorrigible, habitual compulsive, pathological 2British informal Of a very poor quality. 〈英，非正式〉劣质的 the film was absolutely chronic 这部电影非常差劲。 Example sentencesExamples Is it a desire to draw attention away from his poor to chronic domestic policy record? The new big noise displayed a chronic lack of professionalism and failed hopelessly to live up to his billing. Synonyms very bad, appalling, awful, dreadful, terrible, frightful, atrocious, hopeless, abominable, laughable, lamentable, execrable Derivatives chronicity noun krɒˈnɪsɪtikrɑˈnɪsədi With its trait-like early onset, pervasiveness, and high chronicity, social anxiety disorder may be alternatively conceptualised as the pathologically extreme form of the continuum of social anxiety present in the community. Example sentencesExamples A complete blood cell count with differential is sometimes useful to assess the illness further, in terms of detecting the severity of the infection, presence of associated conditions, and chronicity of infection. What I would like to see more research on is the chronicity of these illnesses. Studies have shown that, despite the chronicity of this illness, short-term treatment with antidepressant medications results in rapid and marked improvement in social and vocational functioning. With this patient then, the issues of chronicity, pervasiveness, ‘level of distress’, etc. would calibrate the application of any specific technique. Origin Late Middle English: from French chronique, via Latin from Greek khronikos 'of time', from khronos 'time'. Words beginning chron- have something to do with time: the root being Greek khronos ‘time’. A chronic illness is one that persists for a long time. In informal British English the word can also mean ‘of very poor quality’, as in ‘the film was chronic’, a sense developing from the idea of unending tedium. See also anachronism, crony Rhymes anachronic, animatronic, bionic, Brythonic, bubonic, Byronic, canonic, carbonic, catatonic, chalcedonic, colonic, conic, cyclonic, daemonic, demonic, diatonic, draconic, electronic, embryonic, euphonic, harmonic, hegemonic, histrionic, homophonic, hypersonic, iconic, ionic, ironic, isotonic, laconic, macaronic, Masonic, Miltonic, mnemonic, monotonic, moronic, Napoleonic, philharmonic, phonic, Platonic, Plutonic, polyphonic, quadraphonic, sardonic, saxophonic, siphonic, Slavonic, sonic, stereophonic, subsonic, subtonic, symphonic, tectonic, Teutonic, thermionic, tonic, transonic, ultrasonic Definition of chronic in US English: chronic adjectiveˈkränikˈkrɑnɪk 1(of an illness) persisting for a long time or constantly recurring. （疾病）长期的；经常复发的；慢性的 chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎。常与ACUTE 相对。 Often contrasted with acute Example sentencesExamples Many students endured poor living conditions and chronic ill health, thanks to the prevalence of tuberculosis and other diseases. These included 105 patients who presented with persistent chronic diarrhoea and 48 patients without diarrhoea. These drugs, and certain more powerful compounds such as piroxicam are important because they are used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in chronic diseases such as arthritis. For the most part, therapy of chronic asthma consisted of treating bronchospastic episodes as they arose by using medications intermittently. They come seeking help for work-related stress, irregular sleeping hours, unhealthy food habits and chronic fatigue. The states previously had reserved the vaccine for older adults, infants and people with chronic medical conditions. I'm especially under pressure on this because of my dad's age and chronic poor health. Funding restrictions mean chronic staff shortages and cuts to services, producing long waiting lists and public health breakdowns. Living with an invisible chronic illness can mean constantly trying to redefine your condition. The clinical infection is characterized by chronic fever and hepatosplenomegaly. Discoid lupus erythematosus is a chronic disease characterized by inflammatory, scarring lesions. People with chronic respiratory or cardiovascular illness or immune system diseases are also more susceptible than others to pollutants. Leishmaniasis should be considered in any person from an endemic area who has chronic localized skin lesions. These affect both the structure and vibration of the vocal cords and causes chronic changes in the quality of voice. We found that chronic bronchitis and current smoking were independent and additive risk factors for snoring. We randomised patients managed by general physicians and general practitioners, who care for most people with chronic heart failure. Its people suffer from chronic malnutrition and a high annual population growth rate. There are difficulties in managing communication with young people who have a chronic, life threatening illness. Studies show that hypnosis can treat everything from chronic pain to poor study habits. Critics believe these irritants cause heart attacks, lung and bladder cancer, chronic asthma, bronchitis and even hay fever. The only thing we can say for certain is that we still have a lot to learn about the relation between cancer and chronic inflammation. Synonyms persistent, long-standing, long-term, constantly recurring 1.1 (of a person) having an illness persisting for a long time or constantly recurring. （疾病）长期的；经常复发的；慢性的 a chronic asthmatic 慢性气喘病患者。 Example sentencesExamples For the artist, hailed on his death as ‘the greatest British painter since Turner’, was a chronic asthmatic, and the illness suffuses his paintings. Ms Brown said Jack is a chronic asthmatic and was stressed at the time. I was a chronic patient with a ten-year history of back pain. The council was branded heartless at the time because Kay suffers from spina bifida and Pearson is a chronic asthmatic. Like a chronic patient fearing his final moment or wishing for a miracle to happen, Indian football lives on eternal hope. These patients were chronic, relapsing patients who came to a known addiction evaluation and treatment setting. I see it frequently at work with my chronic patients. The nurse or nurse practitioner will be able to see additional patients and follow up with chronic patients, which will free up the physician's time to see more new and complex patients. In chronic patients, there are more acute phases, more ups and downs. Sodium sulfites can be fatal to chronic asthmatics. The vast majority of amnesic patients are chronic alcoholics, suffering from Korsakoff's syndrome. The focus of the adult euthanasia program was on adult chronic patients, especially mental patients. He was a chronic alcoholic and had severe problems in disciplining his work, which went through innumerable revisions. This lifestyle began to go badly wrong from the age of forty-four, when his horse rolled on him in a tournament, crippling one leg and leaving him a chronic invalid. Richard Kramer, head of policy, told the British Medical Journal it might reduce the risk of overdose and could suit chronic users. At work today in the clinic, one of our chronic patients, a little three year old girl comes for an appointment with her mother, a 22 year old. 1.2 (of a problem) long-lasting and difficult to eradicate. （问题）长期难以根除的，顽固的 the school suffers from chronic overcrowding 学校长期以来为学生过多而困扰。 Example sentencesExamples They have been a chronic problem in coastal areas in recent years, particularly in the New Forest, the Isle of Wight and Portsmouth. Some of those children will find their way out of a cycle of poverty, poor education and chronic unemployment and eventually make satisfying lives and careers. Because the job requires its workers to be away from home, there is a chronic driver shortage. The problem is that there is a chronic need to address poor turnout. I'm more worried about what will happen to the Lions if they don't sort out their chronic problems at the breakdown in time for the first Test at Christchurch. Residents-only parking was introduced in 1996 to end the chronic problem of commuters parking their cars on residential street to avoid using car parks. He was interested in exploring the possibilities of having nuclear power to overcome the chronic energy deficit in his country. But we have a chronic shortage of secondary school places which means that a huge number of Hackney children are travelling a quarter of the way round London every day. Hospitals in Greater Manchester are spending millions of pounds hiring private doctors to help cope with chronic staff shortages. What is wrong with the system is chronic under-funding, largely of the fiscal service. The country has been struggling with an economic crisis marked by chronic budget deficits and a national debt that is 116 percent of gross domestic product. The new homes will be a world away from the 160,000 prefabs built to address the chronic housing shortage after the Second World War. Exasperated by the apparent chronic incompetence of the new Children and Family Court Advisory Service, he sacked the entire board. They insist that a pay rise is essential to attract new medical personnel and overcome chronic staff shortages. Britain's chronic teacher shortage forced a number of state schools to introduce a four-day week earlier this month. The Worcester House residence was rented by the university two years ago to ease chronic student accommodation shortages at the campus here. Poor countries face chronic crises so dire that the world's sensibilities have been numbed to them. So the MTA, squeezed from both the cost and the revenue sides, runs chronic operating deficits that are about to become unsustainable. Hundreds of children with severe psychological problems are not getting the help they urgently need because of a chronic staff shortage in Scotland's hospitals. A terrible drought last year sparked chronic food shortages this year. Synonyms constant, continuing, continual, ceaseless, incessant, unabating, unending, persistent, perennial, long-lasting, lingering 1.3 (of a person) having a particular bad habit. （人）有某恶习的 a chronic liar 惯于说谎者。 Example sentencesExamples These bus drivers have managed to amass a well-earned reputation as being the most aggressive and reckless drivers in a country of poor roads and chronic speeders. How can you end a relationship with a chronic liar? The Wests are not all that bad, as chronic criminals go. He is also a chronic troublemaker and the father of a bunch of great kids. I had thought they were chronic gamblers. But at betting on the nags, as any regular reader will know, I am a chronic loser, a completely hopeless case. Several years ago, I was in a relationship with a chronic cheater. A generation ago over two thirds of chronic gamblers bet on the horses, only one in five played on the poker machines. As a chronic crowd avoider, I was fairly inclined to that camp. He says with 300,000 Australians now considered chronic gamblers, it's time the Federal Government took some responsibility. But a chronic victim owns it to herself or himself to seriously explore their own participation in a relationship of continuing abuse. One of the translations Andrew suggests is a chronically unlucky person, or perhaps walking disaster, chronic loser or even just loser if pressed for time. Mike is a chronic liar, a Peter Pan figure who has trouble paying his bills and facing up to anything that whiffs of adult responsibility. That Moore is a chronic liar and twister of the truth obviously needs to be publicized as much as possible. Dennis had several siblings, but he was the only chronic liar. Synonyms inveterate, confirmed, hardened, dyed-in-the-wool, incorrigible, habitual Usage Chronic is often used to mean ‘habitual, inveterate,’ e.g., a chronic liar. Some consider this use incorrect. The precise meaning of chronic is ‘persisting for a long time,’ and it is used chiefly of illnesses or other problems: more than one million people in the US have chronic bronchitis Origin Late Middle English: from French chronique, via Latin from Greek khronikos ‘of time’, from khronos ‘time’.
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