Definition of commonwealth in English:

commonwealth

noun ˈkɒmənwɛlθˈkɑmənˌwɛlθ

1An independent country or community, especially a democratic republic.
国家；独立的政治共同体（尤指民主共和国）
Example sentencesExamples
- Chapters 10 and 11 dig more deeply into the mechanisms that transform capitalism and lead to a socialist commonwealth.
- The site has story ideas, regional links and everything you ever wanted to know about the commonwealth.
- Another aspect of the cosmology working toward the creation and maintenance of the Yoruba commonwealth is the power of the Orisa to mediate during times of conflict and warfare.
- In it, Cicero lays out the laws that would be followed in the ideal commonwealth.
- They feared immigration from Asia and so decided to federate their six colonies into one commonwealth.
- It was a liberal empire and a democratic commonwealth, and its aim, as with America in the Philippines, was to prepare its components for self-government.
- It was a colony from 1898 until 1952, when it became a commonwealth.
- He encouraged the Mormons to be self-sufficient and created an independent commonwealth.
- As the Courant noted, with the polluted water, ‘the public health is endangered… and the interest of the commonwealth demands a correction of the evil.’
- He succeeded in creating a commonwealth in the warring tribes in Arabia.
- This is an amazing example of what John Locke argued in his Second Treatise about what man in a state of nature gives up when he joins a commonwealth and enters a society that agrees to give up some of their power to form a government.
- Since they were in effect excluded from membership of the English commonwealth, they continued to cultivate their own separate identity.
- He received a $30,000 grant from the commonwealth to expand one of the bunk houses.
1. 1.1 An aggregate or grouping of states or other bodies.
  联邦
  a union or commonwealth of democratic, self-governing countries
  Example sentencesExamples
  Her Sovereign Majesty Queen Elizabeth II will resume monarchial duties over all states, commonwealths and other territories including New Jersey.
  Whether he will entirely convince his readers that England was first amongst equals in a commonwealth of British nations remains to be seen.
  ‘She has helped us feel that being a citizen of this country and the wider commonwealth is like being a member of a family whose common interest and memories endure beneath and beyond all debates and conflicts,’ he said.
  All of which gave him a fine opportunity to turn up and support all that is best about the game, and recognise the role it plays in giving (at least some) of the countries in the commonwealth something in common.
  There's no question that Prince William is the person everyone would like to see as king one day, especially the young people in this country, and I have no doubt, throughout the commonwealth.
  Only thus can Europe have any ideological and cultural glue; without it we are just a commonwealth of states in a customs union’.
  Comparisons might be drawn between these early kingdoms and a commonwealth of nations, each gradually seeking independence from the old imperial, provincial, or colonial structures to which they had once been subject.
  I was impressed by the gifts from all nations in the commonwealth.
  The Union of Lublin in 1569 united Poland and Lithuania into a commonwealth.
  ‘Our country is in need of our assistance and we all should cooperate and put in our share as a United States commonwealth,’ he said.
  The co-operative commonwealth itself is, they insist, for the distant future.
  At any rate, chances are we would remain a member of the commonwealth if we became a republic, so we would be recognising this ‘living heritage’ regardless of whether we were a monarchy or republic.
  The EU can in some respects be likened to an empire; it is a structure that sets standards of internal governance but in return offers its members a share in the decision-making, a place in the commonwealth.
2. 1.2 A community or organization of shared interests in a non-political field.
  （非政治领域内由共同利益组成的）团体，界，组织
  the Christian commonwealth
  基督教组织。
  the commonwealth of letters
  文学界。
  Example sentencesExamples
  The advocates and champions of these different initiatives have yet to unite in any noticeable way around their shared interests in the commonwealth of learning and access to public goods.
  From the moment the new government opened for business in 1789, the question - "Is the United States destined to be a Christian Commonwealth or an Empire of Liberty?" - spurred heated debate.
  The only independent sovereign nations to ever exist in the Land of Israel were the two ancient Jewish commonwealths, the second of which was destroyed in 70 of the common era.
  He said the connection of young people within the commonwealth stimulated the group to convene the forum so that common strategies of involvement could be developed alongside networking mechanisms.
  And so, I beg each one of you: put away your selfish interest and merge yourselves into the commonwealth of men so that we may proceed together.
  In fact, whereas Israel is regarded as the third Jewish commonwealth, there is no basis for ancient claims of a Palestinian state emanating from Canaan.
  They were " an intolerable liberty in a Christian commonwealth ", almanac readers were told.
3. 1.3 A self-governing unit voluntarily grouped with the US, such as Puerto Rico.
  （自愿加入美国的）自治政区，自治政体（如波多黎各）
  the island became a commonwealth of the United States in 1986
  Example sentencesExamples
  Luckily for American visitors, Puerto Rico is very much a U.S. commonwealth, with English widely spoken and the dollar the coin of the realm.
  A U.S. commonwealth since 1952, Puerto Rico has maintained a strong sense of nationalism.
  Officially, Puerto Rico became a U.S. commonwealth in 1952, when the island was granted limited self-government.
  When state employees and teachers are added to the mix, the commonwealth has 516,000 government workers - more than the combined populations of Pittsburgh, Reading and Allentown.
  Despite political initiatives aimed at redefining Guam's status as a U.S. commonwealth, it remained an unincorporated territory as the twentieth century ended.
  If Puerto Ricans vote to become a state, there will be a huge push by the Democrats to admit this largely Democratic commonwealth to the U.S. as the 51st state.
  Puerto Rico is a commonwealth of the United States, meaning that it is subject to most federal regulations and subsidies.
  Formally, Puerto Rico is a commonwealth in free association with the US.
  Q. Is the Free State Project considering American commonwealths such as the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa?
  A covenant to establish a commonwealth in political union with the US was approved in 1975.
  Although Americans generally do not consider themselves an imperial or colonial power, the country has a number of commonwealths and territories, most of which were acquired through military conquest.
4. 1.4 A formal title of some of the states of the US, especially Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia.
  （美国的）州（尤指肯塔基、马萨诸塞、宾夕法尼亚和弗吉尼亚）
  Example sentencesExamples
  ‘The same way counterfeit money threatens the economy of the commonwealth of Virginia,’ said Del.
  The commonwealth of Virginia has seen a significant increase in the number of joint-use facilities and collaborative partnerships in recent years.
  This is Beacon Hill, the state house for the commonwealth of Massachusetts.
  ‘The horse industry is a vital source of tourism and recreation in the commonwealth of Kentucky,’ Lewis said.
  The commonwealth of Pennsylvania mandates that all dog owners license their pets by the time they are six months old.
  And it's an historic day because finally all families in the commonwealth of Massachusetts will have the opportunity to be equal families under the law.
5. 1.5 The title of the federated Australian states.
  （澳大利亚）联邦
  Example sentencesExamples
  Commonwealth funding to the high school is currently at about $440,000 annually.
  The states ceded some taxation powers to the commonwealth around the time of the second world war.
  It has not happened because the commonwealth lacks the constitutional power and the states have never all agreed to relinquish responsibility.
  He pointed out that the commonwealth had the power, under international environmental treaties, to stop any development that was threatening protected wetlands.
  Because the states directly provide the greatest share of schools funding, the percentage increases for the commonwealth are higher.
  The figures deduced play a key role in determining the number of seats in the House of Representatives and in the allocation of government grants from the commonwealth to the states and territories.
  Now in addition to the commonwealth, all state governments support non-government schools.
6. 1.6 The republican period of government in Britain between the execution of Charles I in 1649 and the Restoration of Charles II in 1660.
  （从1649年查理一世被判死刑至1660年查理二世复辟期间的）英伦三岛共和国时期，共和政体时期
2An international association consisting of the UK together with states that were previously part of the British Empire, and dependencies.
英联邦，不列颠联邦（由英国和一些昔日为大英帝国部分的国家以及属地组成的国际联合）
3the commonwealtharchaic The general good.
Example sentencesExamples
- For he must in the true sense of the word serve no one but the commonwealth.
- The notion of a commonwealth, of a common good, is disappearing.

Origin

Late Middle English (originally as two words, denoting public welfare; compare with commonweal): from common + wealth.

Definition of commonwealth in US English:

commonwealth

nounˈkɑmənˌwɛlθˈkämənˌwelTH

1An independent country or community, especially a democratic republic.
国家；独立的政治共同体（尤指民主共和国）
Example sentencesExamples
- This is an amazing example of what John Locke argued in his Second Treatise about what man in a state of nature gives up when he joins a commonwealth and enters a society that agrees to give up some of their power to form a government.
- He encouraged the Mormons to be self-sufficient and created an independent commonwealth.
- It was a colony from 1898 until 1952, when it became a commonwealth.
- Another aspect of the cosmology working toward the creation and maintenance of the Yoruba commonwealth is the power of the Orisa to mediate during times of conflict and warfare.
- He succeeded in creating a commonwealth in the warring tribes in Arabia.
- They feared immigration from Asia and so decided to federate their six colonies into one commonwealth.
- In it, Cicero lays out the laws that would be followed in the ideal commonwealth.
- The site has story ideas, regional links and everything you ever wanted to know about the commonwealth.
- Chapters 10 and 11 dig more deeply into the mechanisms that transform capitalism and lead to a socialist commonwealth.
- He received a $30,000 grant from the commonwealth to expand one of the bunk houses.
- It was a liberal empire and a democratic commonwealth, and its aim, as with America in the Philippines, was to prepare its components for self-government.
- Since they were in effect excluded from membership of the English commonwealth, they continued to cultivate their own separate identity.
- As the Courant noted, with the polluted water, ‘the public health is endangered… and the interest of the commonwealth demands a correction of the evil.’
1. 1.1 An aggregate or grouping of countries or other bodies.
  联邦
  Example sentencesExamples
  The EU can in some respects be likened to an empire; it is a structure that sets standards of internal governance but in return offers its members a share in the decision-making, a place in the commonwealth.
  The co-operative commonwealth itself is, they insist, for the distant future.
  There's no question that Prince William is the person everyone would like to see as king one day, especially the young people in this country, and I have no doubt, throughout the commonwealth.
  Whether he will entirely convince his readers that England was first amongst equals in a commonwealth of British nations remains to be seen.
  Her Sovereign Majesty Queen Elizabeth II will resume monarchial duties over all states, commonwealths and other territories including New Jersey.
  At any rate, chances are we would remain a member of the commonwealth if we became a republic, so we would be recognising this ‘living heritage’ regardless of whether we were a monarchy or republic.
  All of which gave him a fine opportunity to turn up and support all that is best about the game, and recognise the role it plays in giving (at least some) of the countries in the commonwealth something in common.
  The Union of Lublin in 1569 united Poland and Lithuania into a commonwealth.
  Only thus can Europe have any ideological and cultural glue; without it we are just a commonwealth of states in a customs union’.
  ‘Our country is in need of our assistance and we all should cooperate and put in our share as a United States commonwealth,’ he said.
  ‘She has helped us feel that being a citizen of this country and the wider commonwealth is like being a member of a family whose common interest and memories endure beneath and beyond all debates and conflicts,’ he said.
  Comparisons might be drawn between these early kingdoms and a commonwealth of nations, each gradually seeking independence from the old imperial, provincial, or colonial structures to which they had once been subject.
  I was impressed by the gifts from all nations in the commonwealth.
2. 1.2 A community or organization of shared interests in a nonpolitical field.
  （非政治领域内由共同利益组成的）团体，界，组织
  the Christian commonwealth
  基督教组织。
  the commonwealth of letters
  文学界。
  Example sentencesExamples
  And so, I beg each one of you: put away your selfish interest and merge yourselves into the commonwealth of men so that we may proceed together.
  They were " an intolerable liberty in a Christian commonwealth ", almanac readers were told.
  The only independent sovereign nations to ever exist in the Land of Israel were the two ancient Jewish commonwealths, the second of which was destroyed in 70 of the common era.
  He said the connection of young people within the commonwealth stimulated the group to convene the forum so that common strategies of involvement could be developed alongside networking mechanisms.
  In fact, whereas Israel is regarded as the third Jewish commonwealth, there is no basis for ancient claims of a Palestinian state emanating from Canaan.
  The advocates and champions of these different initiatives have yet to unite in any noticeable way around their shared interests in the commonwealth of learning and access to public goods.
  From the moment the new government opened for business in 1789, the question - "Is the United States destined to be a Christian Commonwealth or an Empire of Liberty?" - spurred heated debate.
3. 1.3 A self-governing unit voluntarily grouped with the US, such as Puerto Rico.
  （自愿加入美国的）自治政区，自治政体（如波多黎各）
  Example sentencesExamples
  A U.S. commonwealth since 1952, Puerto Rico has maintained a strong sense of nationalism.
  Although Americans generally do not consider themselves an imperial or colonial power, the country has a number of commonwealths and territories, most of which were acquired through military conquest.
  Formally, Puerto Rico is a commonwealth in free association with the US.
  When state employees and teachers are added to the mix, the commonwealth has 516,000 government workers - more than the combined populations of Pittsburgh, Reading and Allentown.
  Luckily for American visitors, Puerto Rico is very much a U.S. commonwealth, with English widely spoken and the dollar the coin of the realm.
  Q. Is the Free State Project considering American commonwealths such as the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa?
  Officially, Puerto Rico became a U.S. commonwealth in 1952, when the island was granted limited self-government.
  Puerto Rico is a commonwealth of the United States, meaning that it is subject to most federal regulations and subsidies.
  If Puerto Ricans vote to become a state, there will be a huge push by the Democrats to admit this largely Democratic commonwealth to the U.S. as the 51st state.
  A covenant to establish a commonwealth in political union with the US was approved in 1975.
  Despite political initiatives aimed at redefining Guam's status as a U.S. commonwealth, it remained an unincorporated territory as the twentieth century ended.
4. 1.4 A formal title of some of the states of the US, especially Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia.
  （美国的）州（尤指肯塔基、马萨诸塞、宾夕法尼亚和弗吉尼亚）
  Example sentencesExamples
  The commonwealth of Virginia has seen a significant increase in the number of joint-use facilities and collaborative partnerships in recent years.
  ‘The horse industry is a vital source of tourism and recreation in the commonwealth of Kentucky,’ Lewis said.
  The commonwealth of Pennsylvania mandates that all dog owners license their pets by the time they are six months old.
  And it's an historic day because finally all families in the commonwealth of Massachusetts will have the opportunity to be equal families under the law.
  ‘The same way counterfeit money threatens the economy of the commonwealth of Virginia,’ said Del.
  This is Beacon Hill, the state house for the commonwealth of Massachusetts.
5. 1.5 The title of the federated Australian states.
  （澳大利亚）联邦
  Example sentencesExamples
  The figures deduced play a key role in determining the number of seats in the House of Representatives and in the allocation of government grants from the commonwealth to the states and territories.
  Now in addition to the commonwealth, all state governments support non-government schools.
  He pointed out that the commonwealth had the power, under international environmental treaties, to stop any development that was threatening protected wetlands.
  Because the states directly provide the greatest share of schools funding, the percentage increases for the commonwealth are higher.
  Commonwealth funding to the high school is currently at about $440,000 annually.
  The states ceded some taxation powers to the commonwealth around the time of the second world war.
  It has not happened because the commonwealth lacks the constitutional power and the states have never all agreed to relinquish responsibility.
6. 1.6the Commonwealth The republican period of government in Britain between the execution of Charles I in 1649 and the Restoration of Charles II in 1660.
  （从1649年查理一世被判死刑至1660年查理二世复辟期间的）英伦三岛共和国时期，共和政体时期
2the CommonwealthAn international association consisting of the UK together with states that were previously part of the British Empire, and dependencies. The British monarch is the symbolic head of the Commonwealth.
英联邦，不列颠联邦（由英国和一些昔日为大英帝国部分的国家以及属地组成的国际联合）
3the commonwealtharchaic The general good.
Example sentencesExamples
- The notion of a commonwealth, of a common good, is disappearing.
- For he must in the true sense of the word serve no one but the commonwealth.

Origin

Late Middle English (originally as two words, denoting public welfare; compare with commonweal): from common + wealth.

单词	commonwealth
释义	Definition of commonwealth in English: commonwealth noun ˈkɒmənwɛlθˈkɑmənˌwɛlθ 1An independent country or community, especially a democratic republic. 国家；独立的政治共同体（尤指民主共和国） Example sentencesExamples Chapters 10 and 11 dig more deeply into the mechanisms that transform capitalism and lead to a socialist commonwealth. The site has story ideas, regional links and everything you ever wanted to know about the commonwealth. Another aspect of the cosmology working toward the creation and maintenance of the Yoruba commonwealth is the power of the Orisa to mediate during times of conflict and warfare. In it, Cicero lays out the laws that would be followed in the ideal commonwealth. They feared immigration from Asia and so decided to federate their six colonies into one commonwealth. It was a liberal empire and a democratic commonwealth, and its aim, as with America in the Philippines, was to prepare its components for self-government. It was a colony from 1898 until 1952, when it became a commonwealth. He encouraged the Mormons to be self-sufficient and created an independent commonwealth. As the Courant noted, with the polluted water, ‘the public health is endangered… and the interest of the commonwealth demands a correction of the evil.’ He succeeded in creating a commonwealth in the warring tribes in Arabia. This is an amazing example of what John Locke argued in his Second Treatise about what man in a state of nature gives up when he joins a commonwealth and enters a society that agrees to give up some of their power to form a government. Since they were in effect excluded from membership of the English commonwealth, they continued to cultivate their own separate identity. He received a $30,000 grant from the commonwealth to expand one of the bunk houses. 1.1 An aggregate or grouping of states or other bodies. 联邦 a union or commonwealth of democratic, self-governing countries Example sentencesExamples Her Sovereign Majesty Queen Elizabeth II will resume monarchial duties over all states, commonwealths and other territories including New Jersey. Whether he will entirely convince his readers that England was first amongst equals in a commonwealth of British nations remains to be seen. ‘She has helped us feel that being a citizen of this country and the wider commonwealth is like being a member of a family whose common interest and memories endure beneath and beyond all debates and conflicts,’ he said. All of which gave him a fine opportunity to turn up and support all that is best about the game, and recognise the role it plays in giving (at least some) of the countries in the commonwealth something in common. There's no question that Prince William is the person everyone would like to see as king one day, especially the young people in this country, and I have no doubt, throughout the commonwealth. Only thus can Europe have any ideological and cultural glue; without it we are just a commonwealth of states in a customs union’. Comparisons might be drawn between these early kingdoms and a commonwealth of nations, each gradually seeking independence from the old imperial, provincial, or colonial structures to which they had once been subject. I was impressed by the gifts from all nations in the commonwealth. The Union of Lublin in 1569 united Poland and Lithuania into a commonwealth. ‘Our country is in need of our assistance and we all should cooperate and put in our share as a United States commonwealth,’ he said. The co-operative commonwealth itself is, they insist, for the distant future. At any rate, chances are we would remain a member of the commonwealth if we became a republic, so we would be recognising this ‘living heritage’ regardless of whether we were a monarchy or republic. The EU can in some respects be likened to an empire; it is a structure that sets standards of internal governance but in return offers its members a share in the decision-making, a place in the commonwealth. 1.2 A community or organization of shared interests in a non-political field. （非政治领域内由共同利益组成的）团体，界，组织 the Christian commonwealth 基督教组织。 the commonwealth of letters 文学界。 Example sentencesExamples The advocates and champions of these different initiatives have yet to unite in any noticeable way around their shared interests in the commonwealth of learning and access to public goods. From the moment the new government opened for business in 1789, the question - "Is the United States destined to be a Christian Commonwealth or an Empire of Liberty?" - spurred heated debate. The only independent sovereign nations to ever exist in the Land of Israel were the two ancient Jewish commonwealths, the second of which was destroyed in 70 of the common era. He said the connection of young people within the commonwealth stimulated the group to convene the forum so that common strategies of involvement could be developed alongside networking mechanisms. And so, I beg each one of you: put away your selfish interest and merge yourselves into the commonwealth of men so that we may proceed together. In fact, whereas Israel is regarded as the third Jewish commonwealth, there is no basis for ancient claims of a Palestinian state emanating from Canaan. They were " an intolerable liberty in a Christian commonwealth ", almanac readers were told. 1.3 A self-governing unit voluntarily grouped with the US, such as Puerto Rico. （自愿加入美国的）自治政区，自治政体（如波多黎各） the island became a commonwealth of the United States in 1986 Example sentencesExamples Luckily for American visitors, Puerto Rico is very much a U.S. commonwealth, with English widely spoken and the dollar the coin of the realm. A U.S. commonwealth since 1952, Puerto Rico has maintained a strong sense of nationalism. Officially, Puerto Rico became a U.S. commonwealth in 1952, when the island was granted limited self-government. When state employees and teachers are added to the mix, the commonwealth has 516,000 government workers - more than the combined populations of Pittsburgh, Reading and Allentown. Despite political initiatives aimed at redefining Guam's status as a U.S. commonwealth, it remained an unincorporated territory as the twentieth century ended. If Puerto Ricans vote to become a state, there will be a huge push by the Democrats to admit this largely Democratic commonwealth to the U.S. as the 51st state. Puerto Rico is a commonwealth of the United States, meaning that it is subject to most federal regulations and subsidies. Formally, Puerto Rico is a commonwealth in free association with the US. Q. Is the Free State Project considering American commonwealths such as the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa? A covenant to establish a commonwealth in political union with the US was approved in 1975. Although Americans generally do not consider themselves an imperial or colonial power, the country has a number of commonwealths and territories, most of which were acquired through military conquest. 1.4 A formal title of some of the states of the US, especially Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. （美国的）州（尤指肯塔基、马萨诸塞、宾夕法尼亚和弗吉尼亚） Example sentencesExamples ‘The same way counterfeit money threatens the economy of the commonwealth of Virginia,’ said Del. The commonwealth of Virginia has seen a significant increase in the number of joint-use facilities and collaborative partnerships in recent years. This is Beacon Hill, the state house for the commonwealth of Massachusetts. ‘The horse industry is a vital source of tourism and recreation in the commonwealth of Kentucky,’ Lewis said. The commonwealth of Pennsylvania mandates that all dog owners license their pets by the time they are six months old. And it's an historic day because finally all families in the commonwealth of Massachusetts will have the opportunity to be equal families under the law. 1.5 The title of the federated Australian states. （澳大利亚）联邦 Example sentencesExamples Commonwealth funding to the high school is currently at about $440,000 annually. The states ceded some taxation powers to the commonwealth around the time of the second world war. It has not happened because the commonwealth lacks the constitutional power and the states have never all agreed to relinquish responsibility. He pointed out that the commonwealth had the power, under international environmental treaties, to stop any development that was threatening protected wetlands. Because the states directly provide the greatest share of schools funding, the percentage increases for the commonwealth are higher. The figures deduced play a key role in determining the number of seats in the House of Representatives and in the allocation of government grants from the commonwealth to the states and territories. Now in addition to the commonwealth, all state governments support non-government schools. 1.6 The republican period of government in Britain between the execution of Charles I in 1649 and the Restoration of Charles II in 1660. （从1649年查理一世被判死刑至1660年查理二世复辟期间的）英伦三岛共和国时期，共和政体时期 2An international association consisting of the UK together with states that were previously part of the British Empire, and dependencies. 英联邦，不列颠联邦（由英国和一些昔日为大英帝国部分的国家以及属地组成的国际联合） 3the commonwealtharchaic The general good. Example sentencesExamples For he must in the true sense of the word serve no one but the commonwealth. The notion of a commonwealth, of a common good, is disappearing. Origin Late Middle English (originally as two words, denoting public welfare; compare with commonweal): from common + wealth. Definition of commonwealth in US English: commonwealth nounˈkɑmənˌwɛlθˈkämənˌwelTH 1An independent country or community, especially a democratic republic. 国家；独立的政治共同体（尤指民主共和国） Example sentencesExamples This is an amazing example of what John Locke argued in his Second Treatise about what man in a state of nature gives up when he joins a commonwealth and enters a society that agrees to give up some of their power to form a government. He encouraged the Mormons to be self-sufficient and created an independent commonwealth. It was a colony from 1898 until 1952, when it became a commonwealth. Another aspect of the cosmology working toward the creation and maintenance of the Yoruba commonwealth is the power of the Orisa to mediate during times of conflict and warfare. He succeeded in creating a commonwealth in the warring tribes in Arabia. They feared immigration from Asia and so decided to federate their six colonies into one commonwealth. In it, Cicero lays out the laws that would be followed in the ideal commonwealth. The site has story ideas, regional links and everything you ever wanted to know about the commonwealth. Chapters 10 and 11 dig more deeply into the mechanisms that transform capitalism and lead to a socialist commonwealth. He received a $30,000 grant from the commonwealth to expand one of the bunk houses. It was a liberal empire and a democratic commonwealth, and its aim, as with America in the Philippines, was to prepare its components for self-government. Since they were in effect excluded from membership of the English commonwealth, they continued to cultivate their own separate identity. As the Courant noted, with the polluted water, ‘the public health is endangered… and the interest of the commonwealth demands a correction of the evil.’ 1.1 An aggregate or grouping of countries or other bodies. 联邦 Example sentencesExamples The EU can in some respects be likened to an empire; it is a structure that sets standards of internal governance but in return offers its members a share in the decision-making, a place in the commonwealth. The co-operative commonwealth itself is, they insist, for the distant future. There's no question that Prince William is the person everyone would like to see as king one day, especially the young people in this country, and I have no doubt, throughout the commonwealth. Whether he will entirely convince his readers that England was first amongst equals in a commonwealth of British nations remains to be seen. Her Sovereign Majesty Queen Elizabeth II will resume monarchial duties over all states, commonwealths and other territories including New Jersey. At any rate, chances are we would remain a member of the commonwealth if we became a republic, so we would be recognising this ‘living heritage’ regardless of whether we were a monarchy or republic. All of which gave him a fine opportunity to turn up and support all that is best about the game, and recognise the role it plays in giving (at least some) of the countries in the commonwealth something in common. The Union of Lublin in 1569 united Poland and Lithuania into a commonwealth. Only thus can Europe have any ideological and cultural glue; without it we are just a commonwealth of states in a customs union’. ‘Our country is in need of our assistance and we all should cooperate and put in our share as a United States commonwealth,’ he said. ‘She has helped us feel that being a citizen of this country and the wider commonwealth is like being a member of a family whose common interest and memories endure beneath and beyond all debates and conflicts,’ he said. Comparisons might be drawn between these early kingdoms and a commonwealth of nations, each gradually seeking independence from the old imperial, provincial, or colonial structures to which they had once been subject. I was impressed by the gifts from all nations in the commonwealth. 1.2 A community or organization of shared interests in a nonpolitical field. （非政治领域内由共同利益组成的）团体，界，组织 the Christian commonwealth 基督教组织。 the commonwealth of letters 文学界。 Example sentencesExamples And so, I beg each one of you: put away your selfish interest and merge yourselves into the commonwealth of men so that we may proceed together. They were " an intolerable liberty in a Christian commonwealth ", almanac readers were told. The only independent sovereign nations to ever exist in the Land of Israel were the two ancient Jewish commonwealths, the second of which was destroyed in 70 of the common era. He said the connection of young people within the commonwealth stimulated the group to convene the forum so that common strategies of involvement could be developed alongside networking mechanisms. In fact, whereas Israel is regarded as the third Jewish commonwealth, there is no basis for ancient claims of a Palestinian state emanating from Canaan. The advocates and champions of these different initiatives have yet to unite in any noticeable way around their shared interests in the commonwealth of learning and access to public goods. From the moment the new government opened for business in 1789, the question - "Is the United States destined to be a Christian Commonwealth or an Empire of Liberty?" - spurred heated debate. 1.3 A self-governing unit voluntarily grouped with the US, such as Puerto Rico. （自愿加入美国的）自治政区，自治政体（如波多黎各） Example sentencesExamples A U.S. commonwealth since 1952, Puerto Rico has maintained a strong sense of nationalism. Although Americans generally do not consider themselves an imperial or colonial power, the country has a number of commonwealths and territories, most of which were acquired through military conquest. Formally, Puerto Rico is a commonwealth in free association with the US. When state employees and teachers are added to the mix, the commonwealth has 516,000 government workers - more than the combined populations of Pittsburgh, Reading and Allentown. Luckily for American visitors, Puerto Rico is very much a U.S. commonwealth, with English widely spoken and the dollar the coin of the realm. Q. Is the Free State Project considering American commonwealths such as the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa? Officially, Puerto Rico became a U.S. commonwealth in 1952, when the island was granted limited self-government. Puerto Rico is a commonwealth of the United States, meaning that it is subject to most federal regulations and subsidies. If Puerto Ricans vote to become a state, there will be a huge push by the Democrats to admit this largely Democratic commonwealth to the U.S. as the 51st state. A covenant to establish a commonwealth in political union with the US was approved in 1975. Despite political initiatives aimed at redefining Guam's status as a U.S. commonwealth, it remained an unincorporated territory as the twentieth century ended. 1.4 A formal title of some of the states of the US, especially Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. （美国的）州（尤指肯塔基、马萨诸塞、宾夕法尼亚和弗吉尼亚） Example sentencesExamples The commonwealth of Virginia has seen a significant increase in the number of joint-use facilities and collaborative partnerships in recent years. ‘The horse industry is a vital source of tourism and recreation in the commonwealth of Kentucky,’ Lewis said. The commonwealth of Pennsylvania mandates that all dog owners license their pets by the time they are six months old. And it's an historic day because finally all families in the commonwealth of Massachusetts will have the opportunity to be equal families under the law. ‘The same way counterfeit money threatens the economy of the commonwealth of Virginia,’ said Del. This is Beacon Hill, the state house for the commonwealth of Massachusetts. 1.5 The title of the federated Australian states. （澳大利亚）联邦 Example sentencesExamples The figures deduced play a key role in determining the number of seats in the House of Representatives and in the allocation of government grants from the commonwealth to the states and territories. Now in addition to the commonwealth, all state governments support non-government schools. He pointed out that the commonwealth had the power, under international environmental treaties, to stop any development that was threatening protected wetlands. Because the states directly provide the greatest share of schools funding, the percentage increases for the commonwealth are higher. Commonwealth funding to the high school is currently at about $440,000 annually. The states ceded some taxation powers to the commonwealth around the time of the second world war. It has not happened because the commonwealth lacks the constitutional power and the states have never all agreed to relinquish responsibility. 1.6the Commonwealth The republican period of government in Britain between the execution of Charles I in 1649 and the Restoration of Charles II in 1660. （从1649年查理一世被判死刑至1660年查理二世复辟期间的）英伦三岛共和国时期，共和政体时期 2the CommonwealthAn international association consisting of the UK together with states that were previously part of the British Empire, and dependencies. The British monarch is the symbolic head of the Commonwealth. 英联邦，不列颠联邦（由英国和一些昔日为大英帝国部分的国家以及属地组成的国际联合） 3the commonwealtharchaic The general good. Example sentencesExamples The notion of a commonwealth, of a common good, is disappearing. For he must in the true sense of the word serve no one but the commonwealth. Origin Late Middle English (originally as two words, denoting public welfare; compare with commonweal): from common + wealth.
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