| 释义 |
noun ˈmand(ə)rɪnˈmændərən 1mass noun The standard literary and official form of Chinese, spoken by over 730 million people. （汉语）官话；（中国）国语（其标准书面正式形式有7.3亿以上的人使用） Example sentencesExamples - Hindi, with 366 million speakers, is second only to Mandarin Chinese.
- Some West Coast and Hawaiian galleries take additional steps to ensure success with this market by hiring multilingual consultants who speak Japanese, Cantonese or Mandarin Chinese.
- It also says that Mandarin Chinese is the language with the most native speakers in the world.
- In 1989, she went on to study Mandarin Chinese language and Chinese philosophy in Beijing where she stayed and worked for 7 years in news agencies and Embassies.
- New studies suggest English will increasingly be used as the language of science, while Mandarin Chinese will be the next must-learn language.
- I learned at least some English, some Korean, and some Mandarin Chinese when I was quite a bit younger than I am now, in fact.
- This question is significant because Ruan built her career in the era of silent films, and she herself does not even speak very standard Mandarin Chinese.
- They have been published in 12 different languages, most recently Mandarin Chinese.
- At present, the device is expected to support English, Mandarin Chinese, French, German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish.
- Across the office, a couple of guys were discussing English, Indonesian and Mandarin Chinese in the morning.
- Although Mandarin Chinese has the largest number of native speakers, English is number one in the world as a second, third or fourth foreign language.
- In fact the most widely-spoken language in the world is Mandarin Chinese, which is spoken by twice as many people as English.
- He grew up trilingual, in English, Mandarin Chinese and Malay.
- After the fall of the Manchu dynasty in 1911, in place of Classical Chinese, the new Republican government made the most widely spoken dialect, Mandarin Chinese, the official written language.
- Most of the population speaks Mandarin Chinese, the national language.
- Northern China uses Mandarin Chinese, which is the official language of the government.
- Influenced by Han culture, most Yao people can speak and write Mandarin Chinese.
- Despite the fact that these books were written in Mandarin Chinese, patrons still took the books home as souvenirs.
- More than a billion people speak Mandarin Chinese, while half as many speak English.
- Every exchange had to be translated into Mandarin Chinese for each defendant by an interpreter in the dock.
2An official in any of the nine top grades of the former imperial Chinese civil service. （旧时中国各朝代政府中九品及九品以上的）官员 Example sentencesExamples - Sent to China to convert the heathens, Ricci began by dressing like a Chinese mandarin and learning the Chinese language until he was proficient in it.
- It was the South, on the Yangtze where Chinese culture was held to thrive - where the mandarins and the literati ruled, not the court Eunuchs.
- A French philosopher had more in common with a Chinese mandarin than with his barbaric Frankish ancestors in the Dark Ages.
- But civil service mandarins already have their defences prepared if they are called before the inquiry to be headed by Lord Fraser.
- And the spoken Chinese uttered by the Qing emperors' officials and the court mandarins in Beijing was none other than the Beijing dialect.
- Yin Zang Yan, a stereotypical Fu Manchu style Chinese man, dressed as a mandarin, glances around magisterially.
- Yellow robes worn by mandarins inspired the 19th-century English name for the loose-skinned mandarin oranges.
Synonyms magnate, tycoon, vip, notable, notability, personage, baron, captain, king, lord, grandee, nabob - 2.1as modifier (of clothing) characteristic of a former Chinese mandarin.
a red-buttoned mandarin cap 红顶子官帽。 Example sentencesExamples - O'Neill, dapper in his mandarin suit and collarless white shirt, does not look like the rushing blur of today's press men.
- But we had come to partake, and we were ushered into the Chrysanthemum Palace to be met by smiling waiters in red mandarin coats.
- The mandarin shirt looks good on a select few, but it is not the classic choice if you're looking for long-term use.
- The refined and leisured lifestyle from the 1920s and 1930s can be relived when viewers appreciate the varied designs of their mandarin gowns and the way they made themselves up.
- 2.2 A porcelain ornament consisting of a nodding figure in traditional Chinese costume.
（用作传统中式服装饰件的）摆头人（多为瓷制） Example sentencesExamples - She purchased, at an exorbitant price, a Mandarin and a Jos, that were the envy of all the female connoisseurs.
- 2.3mass noun Porcelain decorated with Chinese figures dressed as mandarins.
（绘有中国古代官员图像的）瓷器 Example sentencesExamples - The marks by which the Mandarin porcelain may be known are not decidedly agreed on.
- To this period belongs the class of Chinese porcelain known as "Mandarin".
- I hunkered in the basement, next to a row of what appeared to be giant mandarin chamber pots.
3A powerful official or senior bureaucrat, especially one perceived as reactionary and secretive. 官僚 行政官僚。 Example sentencesExamples - The mandarin is more likely to exercise bureaucratic discretion wisely, with an eye to morality and larger political consequences, than a technocrat afflicted with tunnel vision.
- They rely on the servants of the state to provide not merely information but also judgment; ministers rely on mandarins to such an extent that it is impossible to resist their judgements.
- How can Ministers, mandarins, and minions be kept away from cricket matches meant for the paying public?
- On front after front, bureaucratic mandarins are deciding how everyday Europeans will live.
- One minister did so, and claims to have been told by a senior mandarin that it was ‘disconcerting’ for officials to find their minister talking independently to outside sources of advice.
- Traditionally, senior positions in the civil service have been reserved for long-serving mandarins.
- Once little more than appointed mandarins, party whips in Congress are now elected by caucus members and imbued with the power to make or break issues that define a party at the national level.
- Who can confidently doubt, however, that Home Office mandarins would eventually like to roll out the scheme and make carrying a card compulsory?
- Few today, except perhaps the mandarins in the Treasury, would subscribe to the view that national wealth should be defined exclusively in terms of gold reserves.
- Does it not occur to these office-bound mandarins that many white and middle class people balk at being faced with fells, lakes and dry stone walls?
- Clarke, whose father was a Whitehall mandarin, is known to believe that ministers, not civil servants, should be the mouthpiece for government policy.
- The Treasury mandarins have always been against tax spending on the health service.
- Politicians, insisted Yes Minister's legendary mandarin, Sir Humphrey Appleby, simply cannot be trusted.
- The treasury mandarins and their minions are working overtime.
- To many British people, the idea of a mandarin or senior civil servant will forever be associated with Sir Humphrey Appleby.
- ‘We have several officers whose jobs are entirely devoted to crunching numbers for mandarins in Whitehall,’ he growls.
- But it takes more than geographic proximity to get senior mandarins communicating in a meaningful and productive way.
- ‘The third party was a mandarin at the Foreign Office,’ Mr Lee recalled, sitting in a high-backed armchair in his flat off Bootham.
- Given its concern at what is taking place in Ireland, why did the commission mandarins have little or nothing of comfort to say when the adverse effects of the euro's decline was felt here?
- Inexperience in dealing with the wilier mandarins of the civil service has also seen more than a few promising careers come unstuck.
Synonyms official, administrator, office-holder, office-bearer, civil servant, public servant, government servant, minister, functionary, appointee, apparatchik
Derivativesnoun The Chinese mandarinate did differ substantially from the Japanese samurai class. Example sentencesExamples - The native mandarinate organized a rebellion against the French and were supported by Chinese regulars and irregulars.
- But these do not come initially out of the legal mandarinate, which tends to be locked into the old ways.
- Will it become a sort of mandarinate, the government of a chosen few, or an organized anarchy?
- The Emperor elevated him to the highest grade of the mandarinate and gave him permission to preach Christianity anywhere in the empire.
OriginLate 16th century (denoting a Chinese official): from Portuguese mandarim, via Malay from Hindi mantrī 'counsellor'. Few words can claim such different meanings as a language, a fruit, and a civil servant; but mandarin can. A mandarin was an official in a senior grade of the former imperial Chinese civil service. The word is not Chinese, though, but came into English from Portuguese in the late 16th century, and goes back to a term meaning ‘counsellor, minister’ in Sanskrit. The use of mandarin for a leading civil servant in Britain, as in ‘Whitehall mandarins’, comes from this and dates from the early 19th century. In 1703 Francisco Varo published his Arte de la Lengua Mandarina, the first grammar of any spoken form of Chinese, which described the Chinese used by officials and educated people in general. In 1728 Mandarin first appeared in English for the language, and it is now the name for the standard, official form of Chinese. Mandarin was first applied to a citrus fruit in Swedish. The reason for the name is not certain—it might refer to the colour of Chinese officials' silk robes, or to the high quality of the delicious little oranges, playing on the old term China orange. A translation of a Swedish travelogue introduced the mandarin orange to English in 1771.
mandarin2(also mandarin orange, mandarine) noun ˈmand(ə)rɪnˈmændərən 1A small flattish citrus fruit with a loose yellow-orange skin. 橘。比较TANGERINE Example sentencesExamples - One study found eating mandarins cut the risk of liver disease, hardened arteries and insulin resistance.
- ‘In the winter, we are very heavy on the citrus, such as mandarin orange,’ reports Em Robinson, restaurant manager.
- Wholesaler David Whiteman says most of them have plenty of mandarins, navel oranges and lemons in cold storage.
- In Chinese cuisine, the peel of selected, fragrant mandarins is dried and used as a flavouring.
- The idea was that no one can really tell the difference between a clementine, a satsuma and a mandarin.
- I asked my daughter-in-law if there was anything special we needed to stock up on and she revealed she's been craving mandarin oranges for the last three weeks.
- In addition to my astounding mental powers, my most notable physical accomplishment is that I can put an entire mandarin orange in my mouth all in one go.
- Apparently, this is because they haven't found a way to make seedless mandarins, so people won't eat them.
- The mandarin orange is considered a native of south-eastern Asia and the Philippines.
- Different varieties include the sweet orange, the sour orange, and the mandarin orange, or tangerine.
- Chinese mandarins are larger and contain fewer seeds than most of the Mediterranean varieties.
- Delivered canned mandarin oranges shall conform in every respect to the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and regulations promulgated thereunder.
- Peel and filet the orange or sieve the mandarines, catching the juice in a bowl.
- Bananas, oranges and mandarines are normally eaten one or two at a time.
- Blend the mandarines in an electric blender until smooth.
- The mandarin orange was fine, but the peach and the pear, due to the firmness of the fruit, would get hung up on the equipment and weren't evenly distributed into the product.
- This category included lemons, oranges, mandarins, tangelos, and grapefruits, with lemons being the most common type.
- Mike and Diane Madison sell their olive oil and dried lavender at the farmers' market, as well as apricots and Clementine mandarins.
- I like: mandarines, Fuji apples, mustard, Brie, halloumi with lemon, honey, cumin, dark bitter chocolate, peppermint tea.
- Tangerines are actually a type of mandarin orange as are clementines, but here in the US, the names are used interchangeably.
2The citrus tree that yields the mandarin. 橘树 Citrus reticulata, family Rutaceae Example sentencesExamples - At last the fruits are ripe on the mandarin tree and you squeeze your first delicious juice from them for breakfast.
- Hugh had a problem with all the leaves falling off his mandarin tree.
- The leaves of the ‘Imperial’ are quite slender and distinguish it from most other mandarins.
OriginLate 18th century: from French mandarine; perhaps related to mandarin1, the colour of the fruit being likened to the official's yellow robes. nounˈmændərənˈmandərən 1The standard literary and official form of Chinese based on the Beijing dialect, spoken by over 730 million people. （汉语）官话；（中国）国语（其标准书面正式形式有7.3亿以上的人使用） as modifier Mandarin Chinese 汉语普通话。 Example sentencesExamples - Across the office, a couple of guys were discussing English, Indonesian and Mandarin Chinese in the morning.
- Some West Coast and Hawaiian galleries take additional steps to ensure success with this market by hiring multilingual consultants who speak Japanese, Cantonese or Mandarin Chinese.
- It also says that Mandarin Chinese is the language with the most native speakers in the world.
- More than a billion people speak Mandarin Chinese, while half as many speak English.
- New studies suggest English will increasingly be used as the language of science, while Mandarin Chinese will be the next must-learn language.
- This question is significant because Ruan built her career in the era of silent films, and she herself does not even speak very standard Mandarin Chinese.
- They have been published in 12 different languages, most recently Mandarin Chinese.
- In fact the most widely-spoken language in the world is Mandarin Chinese, which is spoken by twice as many people as English.
- Most of the population speaks Mandarin Chinese, the national language.
- I learned at least some English, some Korean, and some Mandarin Chinese when I was quite a bit younger than I am now, in fact.
- After the fall of the Manchu dynasty in 1911, in place of Classical Chinese, the new Republican government made the most widely spoken dialect, Mandarin Chinese, the official written language.
- Hindi, with 366 million speakers, is second only to Mandarin Chinese.
- He grew up trilingual, in English, Mandarin Chinese and Malay.
- Although Mandarin Chinese has the largest number of native speakers, English is number one in the world as a second, third or fourth foreign language.
- Influenced by Han culture, most Yao people can speak and write Mandarin Chinese.
- In 1989, she went on to study Mandarin Chinese language and Chinese philosophy in Beijing where she stayed and worked for 7 years in news agencies and Embassies.
- Northern China uses Mandarin Chinese, which is the official language of the government.
- Every exchange had to be translated into Mandarin Chinese for each defendant by an interpreter in the dock.
- At present, the device is expected to support English, Mandarin Chinese, French, German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish.
- Despite the fact that these books were written in Mandarin Chinese, patrons still took the books home as souvenirs.
2An official in any of the nine top grades of the former imperial Chinese civil service. （旧时中国各朝代政府中九品及九品以上的）官员 Example sentencesExamples - And the spoken Chinese uttered by the Qing emperors' officials and the court mandarins in Beijing was none other than the Beijing dialect.
- Yin Zang Yan, a stereotypical Fu Manchu style Chinese man, dressed as a mandarin, glances around magisterially.
- But civil service mandarins already have their defences prepared if they are called before the inquiry to be headed by Lord Fraser.
- Yellow robes worn by mandarins inspired the 19th-century English name for the loose-skinned mandarin oranges.
- A French philosopher had more in common with a Chinese mandarin than with his barbaric Frankish ancestors in the Dark Ages.
- Sent to China to convert the heathens, Ricci began by dressing like a Chinese mandarin and learning the Chinese language until he was proficient in it.
- It was the South, on the Yangtze where Chinese culture was held to thrive - where the mandarins and the literati ruled, not the court Eunuchs.
Synonyms magnate, tycoon, vip, notable, notability, personage, baron, captain, king, lord, grandee, nabob - 2.1as modifier (especially of clothing) characteristic or supposedly characteristic of mandarin officials.
（尤指衣服）官员穿戴的 a red-buttoned mandarin cap 红顶子官帽。 Example sentencesExamples - The mandarin shirt looks good on a select few, but it is not the classic choice if you're looking for long-term use.
- O'Neill, dapper in his mandarin suit and collarless white shirt, does not look like the rushing blur of today's press men.
- The refined and leisured lifestyle from the 1920s and 1930s can be relived when viewers appreciate the varied designs of their mandarin gowns and the way they made themselves up.
- But we had come to partake, and we were ushered into the Chrysanthemum Palace to be met by smiling waiters in red mandarin coats.
- 2.2 An ornament consisting of a nodding figure in traditional Chinese dress, typically made of porcelain.
（用作传统中式服装饰件的）摆头人（多为瓷制） Example sentencesExamples - She purchased, at an exorbitant price, a Mandarin and a Jos, that were the envy of all the female connoisseurs.
- 2.3 Porcelain decorated with Chinese figures dressed as mandarins.
（绘有中国古代官员图像的）瓷器 Example sentencesExamples - The marks by which the Mandarin porcelain may be known are not decidedly agreed on.
- To this period belongs the class of Chinese porcelain known as "Mandarin".
- I hunkered in the basement, next to a row of what appeared to be giant mandarin chamber pots.
3A powerful official or senior bureaucrat, especially one perceived as reactionary and secretive. 官僚 行政官僚。 Example sentencesExamples - The Treasury mandarins have always been against tax spending on the health service.
- Politicians, insisted Yes Minister's legendary mandarin, Sir Humphrey Appleby, simply cannot be trusted.
- How can Ministers, mandarins, and minions be kept away from cricket matches meant for the paying public?
- Inexperience in dealing with the wilier mandarins of the civil service has also seen more than a few promising careers come unstuck.
- The mandarin is more likely to exercise bureaucratic discretion wisely, with an eye to morality and larger political consequences, than a technocrat afflicted with tunnel vision.
- The treasury mandarins and their minions are working overtime.
- Given its concern at what is taking place in Ireland, why did the commission mandarins have little or nothing of comfort to say when the adverse effects of the euro's decline was felt here?
- ‘The third party was a mandarin at the Foreign Office,’ Mr Lee recalled, sitting in a high-backed armchair in his flat off Bootham.
- Clarke, whose father was a Whitehall mandarin, is known to believe that ministers, not civil servants, should be the mouthpiece for government policy.
- Who can confidently doubt, however, that Home Office mandarins would eventually like to roll out the scheme and make carrying a card compulsory?
- On front after front, bureaucratic mandarins are deciding how everyday Europeans will live.
- But it takes more than geographic proximity to get senior mandarins communicating in a meaningful and productive way.
- Traditionally, senior positions in the civil service have been reserved for long-serving mandarins.
- Few today, except perhaps the mandarins in the Treasury, would subscribe to the view that national wealth should be defined exclusively in terms of gold reserves.
- To many British people, the idea of a mandarin or senior civil servant will forever be associated with Sir Humphrey Appleby.
- Does it not occur to these office-bound mandarins that many white and middle class people balk at being faced with fells, lakes and dry stone walls?
- One minister did so, and claims to have been told by a senior mandarin that it was ‘disconcerting’ for officials to find their minister talking independently to outside sources of advice.
- They rely on the servants of the state to provide not merely information but also judgment; ministers rely on mandarins to such an extent that it is impossible to resist their judgements.
- ‘We have several officers whose jobs are entirely devoted to crunching numbers for mandarins in Whitehall,’ he growls.
- Once little more than appointed mandarins, party whips in Congress are now elected by caucus members and imbued with the power to make or break issues that define a party at the national level.
Synonyms official, administrator, office-holder, office-bearer, civil servant, public servant, government servant, minister, functionary, appointee, apparatchik
OriginLate 16th century (denoting a Chinese official): from Portuguese mandarim, via Malay from Hindi mantrī ‘counselor’. mandarin2(also mandarine, mandarin orange) nounˈmændərənˈmandərən 1A small flattish citrus fruit with a loose skin, especially a variety with yellow-orange skin. 橘。比较TANGERINE Compare with tangerine Example sentencesExamples - Delivered canned mandarin oranges shall conform in every respect to the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and regulations promulgated thereunder.
- Chinese mandarins are larger and contain fewer seeds than most of the Mediterranean varieties.
- I asked my daughter-in-law if there was anything special we needed to stock up on and she revealed she's been craving mandarin oranges for the last three weeks.
- Mike and Diane Madison sell their olive oil and dried lavender at the farmers' market, as well as apricots and Clementine mandarins.
- In Chinese cuisine, the peel of selected, fragrant mandarins is dried and used as a flavouring.
- Blend the mandarines in an electric blender until smooth.
- The idea was that no one can really tell the difference between a clementine, a satsuma and a mandarin.
- Different varieties include the sweet orange, the sour orange, and the mandarin orange, or tangerine.
- Peel and filet the orange or sieve the mandarines, catching the juice in a bowl.
- Bananas, oranges and mandarines are normally eaten one or two at a time.
- This category included lemons, oranges, mandarins, tangelos, and grapefruits, with lemons being the most common type.
- Wholesaler David Whiteman says most of them have plenty of mandarins, navel oranges and lemons in cold storage.
- One study found eating mandarins cut the risk of liver disease, hardened arteries and insulin resistance.
- In addition to my astounding mental powers, my most notable physical accomplishment is that I can put an entire mandarin orange in my mouth all in one go.
- The mandarin orange was fine, but the peach and the pear, due to the firmness of the fruit, would get hung up on the equipment and weren't evenly distributed into the product.
- I like: mandarines, Fuji apples, mustard, Brie, halloumi with lemon, honey, cumin, dark bitter chocolate, peppermint tea.
- Apparently, this is because they haven't found a way to make seedless mandarins, so people won't eat them.
- ‘In the winter, we are very heavy on the citrus, such as mandarin orange,’ reports Em Robinson, restaurant manager.
- The mandarin orange is considered a native of south-eastern Asia and the Philippines.
- Tangerines are actually a type of mandarin orange as are clementines, but here in the US, the names are used interchangeably.
2The citrus tree that yields the mandarin. 橘树 Citrus reticulata, family Rutaceae Example sentencesExamples - Hugh had a problem with all the leaves falling off his mandarin tree.
- At last the fruits are ripe on the mandarin tree and you squeeze your first delicious juice from them for breakfast.
- The leaves of the ‘Imperial’ are quite slender and distinguish it from most other mandarins.
OriginLate 18th century: from French mandarine; perhaps related to mandarin, the color of the fruit being likened to the official's yellow robes. |