| 释义 |
noun ɡrɑːftɡræft 1A shoot or twig inserted into a slit on the trunk or stem of a living plant, from which it receives sap. 〔园艺〕嫁接的嫩枝（或幼芽） Example sentencesExamples - In successful grafts, seedlings grew well up to 7 weeks after grafting.
- I recently went to a local bonsai nursery and checked out the potted up White pines and the grafts were hideous.
- Plant the roots so the graft or bud union is 2 inches below the ground level.
- From those few grafts, other grafts were made from the top cuttings of the trees, but the seeds have never germinated.
- Horticulturists at the facility have repeatedly failed to propagate the plant by cuttings or grafts.
Synonyms scion, cutting, shoot, offshoot, bud, slip, new growth, sprout, sprig - 1.1 An instance of grafting a shoot or twig on to a living plant.
嫁接 Example sentencesExamples - Trees were obtained from grafts on plants of Juglans regia and were pruned in ‘structured axis’.
2Medicine
A piece of living tissue that is transplanted surgically. 〔医〕（通过手术）移植的活组织 Example sentencesExamples - They'd even used bone grafts to lengthen her legs a bit.
- Infection and lack of a satisfactory blood supply prevent grafts from surviving.
- The technology could revolutionise the treatment of burns and skin damage, offering a less painful alternative to skin grafts and reduced scarring.
- The database also provides survival rates of people who received cell grafts, helping doctors and their patients evaluate the potential risks and benefits of transplantation in treating disorders such as leukemia.
- The bone graft is harvested from the patient's pelvic bone and inserted along with a spacer in between the vertebral bodies.
Synonyms transplant, implant, implantation - 2.1 A surgical operation in which tissue is transplanted.
移植手术 Example sentencesExamples - ‘I am still undergoing bone grafts and have a pin in my leg, but finally it looks as if the bone is mending,’ she said from Nature's Valley, near Plettenberg Bay.
- Skin grafts are performed by surgeons (including plastic surgeons) and by some dermatologists.
- Most people have several grafts done during one operation.
- On December 24, Samsonov had a bone graft, and two pins and wire were inserted around the fracture.
- Skin grafts have a 5% to 10% incidence of failure, and when they fail, long-term healing can be a problem.
Synonyms transplant, implant, implantation
verb ɡrɑːftɡræft 1with object and adverbial Insert (a shoot or twig) as a graft. 〔园艺〕嫁接（幼芽） it was common to graft different varieties on to a single tree trunk 将不同品种嫁接到同一树干上是常见的做法。 Example sentencesExamples - To preserve the variation named varieties have to be grafted, a labour intensive business which explains the high price.
- Rose Wilt was long thought to be a suspected viral disease caused by grafting scions onto imported root stocks from the U.K., Canada and Australia.
- To get the best two-tone look, graft several scions randomly around the plant.
- In roses, their spread is chiefly caused by grafting infected scions, buds and/or root stocks; although some can be vectored by parasitizing, chewing or sucking insects.
- A Yoshino cherry is propagated by grafting a cutting onto another cherry trunk or by rooting small cuttings.
- 1.1 Insert a graft on (a trunk or stem).
将嫁接的嫩枝插入（树干） Example sentencesExamples - Remember, many hybrid modern roses are grafted onto a root stock; hence, the resulting rose may not be exactly the same as that from which you took your cuttings.
- If a branch grafted into a stock never grows, it is a plain evidence of its not having knit with the stock.
- Many of the modern roses in commerce today are grafted onto these stocks.
- For the best-tasting and fastest fruit production, you should purchase most fruit trees that are grafted onto proper root-stock.
- Once identified, the tops were cut from the trees and then sent to their seed farm in Vernon, BC where they were grafted onto root stock.
Synonyms affix, slip, join, insert, splice rare engraft
2Medicine
with object and adverbial Transplant (living tissue) as a graft. 〔医〕移植（活组织） they can graft a new hand on to the nerve ends 他们可以将一只新手移植到神经末梢上。 Example sentencesExamples - Police said yesterday that she was ‘doing well’ after surgeons managed to graft skin on to 20 per cent of the burned area of her body.
- Kidney transplant, in which a functioning kidney from a donor is surgically grafted into the patient, has a good rate of success.
- The new skin is then grafted back on to the patient without the danger of rejection because it has been made from their own cells.
- Jessica underwent a second operation to graft nerve tissue from the back of her legs into her arm.
- Surgeons grafted tissue from her leg to the outside of her brain for protection.
Synonyms transplant, implant, transfer 3with object and adverbial Combine or integrate (an idea, system, etc.) with another, typically in a way considered inappropriate. 〈喻〉（尤指不恰当地）将（某物）永久地插入（或装入）别的物体 old values have been grafted on to a new economic class Example sentencesExamples - Instead, they call in the consultants, management is overhauled and new formulas for success are grafted on to the machinery.
- Here, you've got two thousand acres, and you hear people say that that European farming tradition has been grafted onto Australia in a way that doesn't really fit.
- New cultural objectives - such as teamwork or customer service - can't simply be grafted on to an organisation.
- Department stores, cinemas, factories and service stations all took cues from American sources, although they were usually grafted onto earlier styles.
- Unlike most French teams, they were mentally tough away from home and he has grafted that mentality on to the national side.
- I am not averse to an unhappy ending, far from it, but, as you will gather, I feel endings should arise naturally out of the plot and not be grafted on to it.
- I think visual journalism has been grafted onto an old production process and that the traditional newsroom marriage roles need to be redesigned.
- A non-competitive system cannot be grafted on to a competitive exam.
- Many of these are taken from other disciplines and used as a rough theoretical model onto which we graft our own ideas and practises.
- Much was grafted onto previous styles, notably in painting, while monumental sculpture was heavily indebted to Egyptian and north Syrian models, especially in standing and seated individual figures.
- However, the current public and private sectors cannot simply be grafted on to each other; we need to consider how cooperation can best service the public health.
- Then imagine what could happen if the usage patterns in those regions were grafted onto the huge U.S. economy.
- The fact of the matter is that mainstream news media is a stable industry, and it is very slow to effectively graft new ideas onto its main business.
Synonyms fasten, attach, add, fix, join, insert
OriginLate Middle English graff, from Old French grafe, via Latin from Greek graphion 'stylus, writing implement' (with reference to the tapered tip of the scion), from graphein 'write'. The final -t is typical of phonetic confusion between -f and -ft at the end of words; compare with tuft. A graft is a shoot from one plant fixed into a slit made in another to form a new growth. Originally spelled graff, it derives from Greek graphion ‘stylus, pointed writing implement’, from graphein ‘to write’, source of the graphite (late 18th century) in your pencil, graphic art (mid 17th century), and diagram (early 17th century). The tapered tip of the shoot was thought to resemble a stylus. The other graft (mid 19th century), ‘hard work’, may be related to the phrase spade's graft ‘the amount of earth that one stroke of a spade will move’, based on Old Norse groftr ‘digging’.
Rhymesabaft, aft, craft, daft, draft, draught, engraft, haft, kraft, raft, understaffed, unstaffed, waft noun ɡrɑːftɡræft mass noun1Bribery and other corrupt practices used to secure illicit advantages or gains in politics or business. sweeping measures to curb official graft 为制止官方腐败所采取的大刀阔斧的措施。 Example sentencesExamples - It took several years before the legislation was drawn up and passed to put into effect a body that must tackle, without fear or favour, allegations of corruption, mismanagement and graft.
- Estrada was impeached by the House of Representatives on Nov.13 on charges that included bribery, graft and corruption.
- He is being tried for bribery, graft and corruption, betrayal of public trust and culpable violation of the Constitution.
- Perhaps most obvious is the drag on the economy imposed by widespread and unrestrained graft and corruption.
- Not only do the very poor have little or no monetary income, the wealthy are often able to avoid income taxes thanks to corruption and graft.
- Public procurement laws also need urgent reform to prevent graft and corruption.
- Unless we have the certainty of punishment, as in other countries like America or even China, we will not improve, we will not be successful against graft and corruption.
- ‘This is the world your folks and their folks have given to you, a world of graft and corruption at every level of leadership,’ he said.
- Corruption is endemic in many societies, and it would be unfair to target Muslim societies as being uniquely prone to bribery, graft, and the private misappropriation of public funds.
- Widespread graft and influence peddling among government officials are hampering economic development.
- There is no reason they should have to tolerate graft and corruption in any form of public service either.
- But in six years of exposures of illicit arms deals, graft and bribery, only once has the political establishment blushed enough to take action.
- In the impeachment complaint, Estrada has been charged with bribery, graft and corruption, betrayal of public trust and culpable violation of the Constitution.
- From oil rip offs to mail scams, the country is infamous for fraud, kickbacks and graft.
- Now, understand that there was no lying going on, and no graft or theft or anything else of that nature.
- Aside from plunder, Estrada has also been charged with illegal use of an alias, perjury and graft and corruption, which are all bailable offenses.
- She also ordered more intensive lifestyle checks on public officials as part of her campaign against graft and corruption.
- We now know the UN was an organisation steeped in corruption, graft and criminal negligence.
- Opportunities for graft and corruption will multiply as well, temptations to which religious people are no more immune than anyone else.
- For years these same people ran political life through graft and corruption.
Synonyms corruption, bribery, bribing, dishonesty, deceit, fraud, fraudulence, subornation, unlawful practices, illegal means, underhand means North American payola informal palm-greasing, back-scratching, hush money, kickback, crookedness, shadiness, shady business, dirty tricks, dirty dealings, wheeling and dealing, sharp practices - 1.1 Advantages or gains secured as a result of corrupt practices.
verb ɡrɑːftɡræft [no object]Make money by shady or dishonest means. 通过见不得人（或不诚实）的手段发财 Example sentencesExamples - The whole plant is corrupt-the bosses graft off the men and off each other.
- The corruption within the plants runs thick, with bosses demanding ‘gifts’ of money from their workers, and grafting off those in the hierarchy of management.
- The only friends I had were people I would graft with or put money together for drugs with.
Derivativesnoun ˈɡrɑːftəˈɡræftər So, there are two sets of grafters called ‘political parties’ and the party that ‘buys’ the most votes gets elected. Example sentencesExamples - Woven throughout the tale is a plea to those on the top of the pile to help the grifters and grafters and ex-cons and prostitutes find a place in society instead of in jail.
- We have started going after grafters in government.
OriginMid 19th century: of unknown origin. noun ɡrɑːftɡræft mass nounBritish informal Hard work. 辛苦的工作 success came after years of hard graft Example sentencesExamples - Her course tutor said: ‘It was her determination, effort, hard graft and enthusiasm that has earned her this award.’
- A lot of graft and hard work is required before they reach their potential and that must be done during the game.
- After three years of hard graft, Arden opened her first salon on Fifth Avenue and, in common with her rival, the nature of her financial backing remains shrouded in mystery.
- I have been doing some hard graft for about 10 days now.
- After months of hard graft restoring the rooms to a decent standard, and setting up a charity to raise money, the centre finally opened and Jackie hasn't looked back since.
- I worked on the programme for two and half years, and nothing came close when it came to hard graft.
- The rest of the job takes longer and involves rather more hard graft.
- After five years of hard graft in Manhattan recording studios, she finally got her deal.
- He was orphaned at the age of nine, and got a job as a cabin boy, and through sheer hard graft, worked is way up the ranks.
- Certain players did not show enough desire and we have got to make sure that every player who puts on that red shirt will give us 90 minutes of sheer hard graft.
- Clever footwork, intelligent running and sheer hard graft earned him plenty of applause.
- Months of very hard graft and endeavour came to fruition last Sunday afternoon with the opening of the Daisy Chains pre-school.
- This means taking control of our nation and getting down to the hard graft of making Scotland the success that it should be.
- People seem to have such enthusiasm for the event, but as soon as it comes to a bit of hard graft, the very same people disappear.
- Given the hard graft involved in sheep farming and the fact that many hill farmers are nearing or beyond retirement age anyway, the expectation is that many will give-up their flocks.
- Months of casting, rehearsal and hard graft had produced a cohesion any company would be proud of.
- A year of hard graft and at least £40,000 later, and Mr Marshall, 44, had finished building his own private ‘pub’.
- It has been hard graft turning things around, but the good news is that extensive renovation and an image makeover have transformed the place into something resembling its former glory.
- Doubtless, they'll be glad to rest for a couple of weeks before the hard graft of the championship.
- For Alan and Penny, it's been a lot of hard graft, but worth every minute.
Synonyms work, effort, endeavour, toil, labour, exertion, the sweat of one's brow, drudgery, donkey work perseverance, persistence informal slog Australian/New Zealand informal yakka
verb ɡrɑːftɡræft [no object]British informal Work hard. 辛苦地工作 I need people prepared to go out and graft 我需要那些时刻准备出去艰苦工作的人。 Example sentencesExamples - I was a bit disappointed with my Bs in computing because I thought I had grafted hard in that.
- ‘They gave us a tough time but we kept grafting and ground out a result.’
- Postal workers are fed up with grafting harder and harder for a pathetically small pay packet and they have told their union they want action.
- The 31-year-old has never set the world alight but he has grafted away in the background and is the world's 39th best player.
- Into the wind, the home side had to graft harder for scores.
- ‘We have grafted really hard, done overtime and achieved record amounts of business,’ she said.
- ‘Jon has grafted really hard and has certainly deserved his chance.’
- To watch Waugh bat is to be reminded of a bygone era in Australian cricket, a time when they were made to graft for every run and sweat for every victory.
- Some heroic defending against the wind in the first half and hard grafting throughout the field kept the men from the Wexford border in contention with the fancied champions for three quarters of the game.
- He had frozen his scoring shots initially in his innings and grafted hard to get into his stride.
- ‘I have worked with women throughout my career and they are just as passionate about what they are doing and are prepared to graft just as much,’ Donald said.
Synonyms work hard, exert oneself, toil, labour, hammer away, grind away, sweat plod away, slave away, work like a Trojan, work like a dog, keep one's nose to the grindstone persevere, persist, keep at it, stick with it informal slog away, plug away, beaver away, put one's back into something, work one's socks off, work one's guts out, sweat blood, kill oneself British informal get one's head down British vulgar slang work one's balls/arse/nuts off North American vulgar slang work one's ass/butt off archaic drudge, travail, moil
Derivativesnoun ˈɡrɑːftəˈɡræftər British informal He was a grafter, a runner, a guy who would never stop, so there was an inevitability that he'd pop up with the header which won us the game 4-3. Example sentencesExamples - And then there are the unsung heroes, the grafters who put in so much hard work in order that one of rugby's most famous results could be achieved.
- Mum Jackie said: ‘He has always been a hard grafter and very good with his hands and at making things.’
- They were ordinary working men; humble grafters who dreamed of making the ships of the future while they toiled through gruelling apprentice - ships in the cauldron of a 19th century London shipyard.
- I worked with Wally for years, I know what a grafter he was.
- He's a good average kid and he's a grafter, building on whatever he gets,’ said Mr Wilkie.
OriginMid 19th century: perhaps related to the phrase spade's graft 'the amount of earth that one stroke of a spade will move', based on Old Norse grǫftr 'digging'. nounɡraftɡræft 1A shoot or twig inserted into a slit on the trunk or stem of a living plant, from which it receives sap. 〔园艺〕嫁接的嫩枝（或幼芽） Example sentencesExamples - Horticulturists at the facility have repeatedly failed to propagate the plant by cuttings or grafts.
- In successful grafts, seedlings grew well up to 7 weeks after grafting.
- I recently went to a local bonsai nursery and checked out the potted up White pines and the grafts were hideous.
- From those few grafts, other grafts were made from the top cuttings of the trees, but the seeds have never germinated.
- Plant the roots so the graft or bud union is 2 inches below the ground level.
Synonyms scion, cutting, shoot, offshoot, bud, slip, new growth, sprout, sprig - 1.1 An instance of grafting a shoot or twig.
嫁接 Example sentencesExamples - Trees were obtained from grafts on plants of Juglans regia and were pruned in ‘structured axis’.
2Medicine
A piece of living tissue that is transplanted surgically. 〔医〕（通过手术）移植的活组织 Example sentencesExamples - The database also provides survival rates of people who received cell grafts, helping doctors and their patients evaluate the potential risks and benefits of transplantation in treating disorders such as leukemia.
- They'd even used bone grafts to lengthen her legs a bit.
- Infection and lack of a satisfactory blood supply prevent grafts from surviving.
- The bone graft is harvested from the patient's pelvic bone and inserted along with a spacer in between the vertebral bodies.
- The technology could revolutionise the treatment of burns and skin damage, offering a less painful alternative to skin grafts and reduced scarring.
Synonyms transplant, implant, implantation - 2.1 A surgical operation in which tissue is transplanted.
移植手术 Example sentencesExamples - Skin grafts have a 5% to 10% incidence of failure, and when they fail, long-term healing can be a problem.
- Most people have several grafts done during one operation.
- On December 24, Samsonov had a bone graft, and two pins and wire were inserted around the fracture.
- ‘I am still undergoing bone grafts and have a pin in my leg, but finally it looks as if the bone is mending,’ she said from Nature's Valley, near Plettenberg Bay.
- Skin grafts are performed by surgeons (including plastic surgeons) and by some dermatologists.
Synonyms transplant, implant, implantation
verbɡraftɡræft 1Insert (a shoot or twig) as a graft. 〔园艺〕嫁接（幼芽） it was common to graft different varieties onto a single tree trunk 将不同品种嫁接到同一树干上是常见的做法。 Example sentencesExamples - A Yoshino cherry is propagated by grafting a cutting onto another cherry trunk or by rooting small cuttings.
- In roses, their spread is chiefly caused by grafting infected scions, buds and/or root stocks; although some can be vectored by parasitizing, chewing or sucking insects.
- To preserve the variation named varieties have to be grafted, a labour intensive business which explains the high price.
- To get the best two-tone look, graft several scions randomly around the plant.
- Rose Wilt was long thought to be a suspected viral disease caused by grafting scions onto imported root stocks from the U.K., Canada and Australia.
- 1.1 Insert a graft on (a stock).
将嫁接的嫩枝插入（树干） Example sentencesExamples - Many of the modern roses in commerce today are grafted onto these stocks.
- Remember, many hybrid modern roses are grafted onto a root stock; hence, the resulting rose may not be exactly the same as that from which you took your cuttings.
- Once identified, the tops were cut from the trees and then sent to their seed farm in Vernon, BC where they were grafted onto root stock.
- For the best-tasting and fastest fruit production, you should purchase most fruit trees that are grafted onto proper root-stock.
- If a branch grafted into a stock never grows, it is a plain evidence of its not having knit with the stock.
Synonyms affix, slip, join, insert, splice
2Medicine
Transplant (living tissue) as a graft. 〔医〕移植（活组织） they can graft a new hand onto the arm 他们可以将一只新手移植到神经末梢上。 Example sentencesExamples - Kidney transplant, in which a functioning kidney from a donor is surgically grafted into the patient, has a good rate of success.
- The new skin is then grafted back on to the patient without the danger of rejection because it has been made from their own cells.
- Police said yesterday that she was ‘doing well’ after surgeons managed to graft skin on to 20 per cent of the burned area of her body.
- Surgeons grafted tissue from her leg to the outside of her brain for protection.
- Jessica underwent a second operation to graft nerve tissue from the back of her legs into her arm.
Synonyms transplant, implant, transfer 3Insert or fix (something) permanently to something else, typically in a way considered inappropriate. 〈喻〉（尤指不恰当地）将（某物）永久地插入（或装入）别的物体 western-style government could not easily be grafted onto a profoundly different country 西方风格的政府是不可能轻易被移植到一个根本不相同的国家里。 Example sentencesExamples - Here, you've got two thousand acres, and you hear people say that that European farming tradition has been grafted onto Australia in a way that doesn't really fit.
- Instead, they call in the consultants, management is overhauled and new formulas for success are grafted on to the machinery.
- I am not averse to an unhappy ending, far from it, but, as you will gather, I feel endings should arise naturally out of the plot and not be grafted on to it.
- New cultural objectives - such as teamwork or customer service - can't simply be grafted on to an organisation.
- The fact of the matter is that mainstream news media is a stable industry, and it is very slow to effectively graft new ideas onto its main business.
- Then imagine what could happen if the usage patterns in those regions were grafted onto the huge U.S. economy.
- Much was grafted onto previous styles, notably in painting, while monumental sculpture was heavily indebted to Egyptian and north Syrian models, especially in standing and seated individual figures.
- However, the current public and private sectors cannot simply be grafted on to each other; we need to consider how cooperation can best service the public health.
- Unlike most French teams, they were mentally tough away from home and he has grafted that mentality on to the national side.
- Department stores, cinemas, factories and service stations all took cues from American sources, although they were usually grafted onto earlier styles.
- A non-competitive system cannot be grafted on to a competitive exam.
- Many of these are taken from other disciplines and used as a rough theoretical model onto which we graft our own ideas and practises.
- I think visual journalism has been grafted onto an old production process and that the traditional newsroom marriage roles need to be redesigned.
Synonyms fasten, attach, add, fix, join, insert
OriginLate Middle English graff, from Old French grafe, via Latin from Greek graphion ‘stylus, writing implement’ (with reference to the tapered tip of the scion), from graphein ‘write’. The final -t is typical of phonetic confusion between -f and -ft at the end of words; compare with tuft. nounɡraftɡræft 1Practices, especially bribery, used to secure illicit gains in politics or business; corruption. 为获取政治（或生意上）非法利益所作的行为（尤指行贿）;贪污 sweeping measures to curb official graft 为制止官方腐败所采取的大刀阔斧的措施。 Example sentencesExamples - There is no reason they should have to tolerate graft and corruption in any form of public service either.
- ‘This is the world your folks and their folks have given to you, a world of graft and corruption at every level of leadership,’ he said.
- Now, understand that there was no lying going on, and no graft or theft or anything else of that nature.
- From oil rip offs to mail scams, the country is infamous for fraud, kickbacks and graft.
- For years these same people ran political life through graft and corruption.
- Not only do the very poor have little or no monetary income, the wealthy are often able to avoid income taxes thanks to corruption and graft.
- In the impeachment complaint, Estrada has been charged with bribery, graft and corruption, betrayal of public trust and culpable violation of the Constitution.
- Public procurement laws also need urgent reform to prevent graft and corruption.
- Aside from plunder, Estrada has also been charged with illegal use of an alias, perjury and graft and corruption, which are all bailable offenses.
- It took several years before the legislation was drawn up and passed to put into effect a body that must tackle, without fear or favour, allegations of corruption, mismanagement and graft.
- We now know the UN was an organisation steeped in corruption, graft and criminal negligence.
- Perhaps most obvious is the drag on the economy imposed by widespread and unrestrained graft and corruption.
- But in six years of exposures of illicit arms deals, graft and bribery, only once has the political establishment blushed enough to take action.
- Widespread graft and influence peddling among government officials are hampering economic development.
- He is being tried for bribery, graft and corruption, betrayal of public trust and culpable violation of the Constitution.
- Estrada was impeached by the House of Representatives on Nov.13 on charges that included bribery, graft and corruption.
- Corruption is endemic in many societies, and it would be unfair to target Muslim societies as being uniquely prone to bribery, graft, and the private misappropriation of public funds.
- She also ordered more intensive lifestyle checks on public officials as part of her campaign against graft and corruption.
- Unless we have the certainty of punishment, as in other countries like America or even China, we will not improve, we will not be successful against graft and corruption.
- Opportunities for graft and corruption will multiply as well, temptations to which religious people are no more immune than anyone else.
Synonyms corruption, bribery, bribing, dishonesty, deceit, fraud, fraudulence, subornation, unlawful practices, illegal means, underhand means - 1.1 Gains secured by corruption.
government officials grow fat off bribes and graft 政府官员靠受贿和贪污中饱私囊。
verbɡraftɡræft [no object]Make money by shady or dishonest means. 通过见不得人（或不诚实）的手段发财 Example sentencesExamples - The only friends I had were people I would graft with or put money together for drugs with.
- The whole plant is corrupt-the bosses graft off the men and off each other.
- The corruption within the plants runs thick, with bosses demanding ‘gifts’ of money from their workers, and grafting off those in the hierarchy of management.
OriginMid 19th century: of unknown origin. nounɡraftɡræft British informal Hard work. 辛苦的工作 turning those dreams into reality was sheer hard graft 要将这些梦想变成现实只有靠艰苦的工作。 Example sentencesExamples - Doubtless, they'll be glad to rest for a couple of weeks before the hard graft of the championship.
- For Alan and Penny, it's been a lot of hard graft, but worth every minute.
- He was orphaned at the age of nine, and got a job as a cabin boy, and through sheer hard graft, worked is way up the ranks.
- The rest of the job takes longer and involves rather more hard graft.
- It has been hard graft turning things around, but the good news is that extensive renovation and an image makeover have transformed the place into something resembling its former glory.
- This means taking control of our nation and getting down to the hard graft of making Scotland the success that it should be.
- Months of very hard graft and endeavour came to fruition last Sunday afternoon with the opening of the Daisy Chains pre-school.
- Her course tutor said: ‘It was her determination, effort, hard graft and enthusiasm that has earned her this award.’
- After months of hard graft restoring the rooms to a decent standard, and setting up a charity to raise money, the centre finally opened and Jackie hasn't looked back since.
- After five years of hard graft in Manhattan recording studios, she finally got her deal.
- Given the hard graft involved in sheep farming and the fact that many hill farmers are nearing or beyond retirement age anyway, the expectation is that many will give-up their flocks.
- Certain players did not show enough desire and we have got to make sure that every player who puts on that red shirt will give us 90 minutes of sheer hard graft.
- Clever footwork, intelligent running and sheer hard graft earned him plenty of applause.
- I worked on the programme for two and half years, and nothing came close when it came to hard graft.
- I have been doing some hard graft for about 10 days now.
- After three years of hard graft, Arden opened her first salon on Fifth Avenue and, in common with her rival, the nature of her financial backing remains shrouded in mystery.
- People seem to have such enthusiasm for the event, but as soon as it comes to a bit of hard graft, the very same people disappear.
- Months of casting, rehearsal and hard graft had produced a cohesion any company would be proud of.
- A year of hard graft and at least £40,000 later, and Mr Marshall, 44, had finished building his own private ‘pub’.
- A lot of graft and hard work is required before they reach their potential and that must be done during the game.
Synonyms work, effort, endeavour, toil, labour, exertion, the sweat of one's brow, drudgery, donkey work
verbɡraftɡræft [no object]British informal Work hard. 辛苦地工作 I need people prepared to go out and graft 我需要那些时刻准备出去艰苦工作的人。 Example sentencesExamples - Some heroic defending against the wind in the first half and hard grafting throughout the field kept the men from the Wexford border in contention with the fancied champions for three quarters of the game.
- He had frozen his scoring shots initially in his innings and grafted hard to get into his stride.
- The 31-year-old has never set the world alight but he has grafted away in the background and is the world's 39th best player.
- Into the wind, the home side had to graft harder for scores.
- ‘We have grafted really hard, done overtime and achieved record amounts of business,’ she said.
- ‘I have worked with women throughout my career and they are just as passionate about what they are doing and are prepared to graft just as much,’ Donald said.
- ‘Jon has grafted really hard and has certainly deserved his chance.’
- Postal workers are fed up with grafting harder and harder for a pathetically small pay packet and they have told their union they want action.
- ‘They gave us a tough time but we kept grafting and ground out a result.’
- To watch Waugh bat is to be reminded of a bygone era in Australian cricket, a time when they were made to graft for every run and sweat for every victory.
- I was a bit disappointed with my Bs in computing because I thought I had grafted hard in that.
Synonyms work hard, exert oneself, toil, labour, hammer away, grind away, sweat
OriginMid 19th century: perhaps related to the phrase spade's graft ‘the amount of earth that one stroke of a spade will move’, based on Old Norse grǫftr ‘digging’. |