Definition of principal in English:

principal

adjective ˈprɪnsɪp(ə)lˈprɪnsəpəl

1attributive First in order of importance; main.
首要的；主要的
the country's principal cities
该国的重要城市。
Example sentencesExamples
- Otherwise, Tozeur's main business lay in its 40,000 date palms, and the principal activity around the main square was waiting in the shade for time to pass.
- The Harris family also built a new detached kitchen directly behind the rear piazza and converted the fireplaces in the principal rooms of the main floor to coal.
- New York city remains the principal port of entry and site of settlement for new Jewish immigrants and this includes the Iranian, the Israeli and the Russian Jews.
- The tabloid revelations were, according to sources within Goodison Park, the principal reason why Rooney was so anxious to leave Merseyside before the transfer window closed.
- With the advent of jet travel, you don't need port cities as your principal contacts with the outside world: the ‘coast’ can move inland.
- Philadelphia was the new country's, principal city.
- The company blamed a growing trend towards home consumption as the principal reason for falling sales, although it also acknowledged the smoking ban was having an impact on draught beer sales.
- Many riders point to the adrenaline rush as the principal reason behind their fascination with the Harley; it's a feeling they describe as inexplicable.
- Disagreement among the circuits isn't uncommon, and is a principal reason that the Supreme Court will take a case for review.
- Those living in the region's principal cities - Leeds, Bradford, Hull and Sheffield - will see their councils raise taxes by less than five per cent.
- For example, a capital city or principal centre can be inferred from its size, and from signs of central organization such as an archive, a mint, a palace and major religious buildings, or fortifications.
- The station is one of the city's principal transport interchanges, with rail services, numerous bus routes and York's busiest taxi ranks.
- The principal reason that individuals, couples and ‘hard working families’ struggle to purchase a home is not Stamp Duty, but spiralling house prices.
- In my view, the principal reason for its closure is that it is much more readily sold for building land and, being a larger site and unencumbered by green belt restrictions, was more likely to produce a tidy sum.
- The principal reason behind the healthy upturn in membership has been mainly due to the club's resolve to ensure an amiable environment in which women golfers of all abilities can thrive.
- As every resident of central Massachusetts would have understood, that road continued to Boston, the capital city and principal port of the state.
- Adam's most ambitious interiors at Home House were the main staircase and the principal reception rooms on the second floor.
- In a recent VisitScotland survey, German, US and English visitors all cited Scotland's stunning scenery as their principal reason for holidaying in the country.
- Campaigners have launched a £3m appeal to save Manchester's John Rylands Library - and turn it into one of the city's principal attractions.
- The rail work to be completed by the end of 2005 will enable travel between Turkey's two principal cities in just over three hours, cutting in half the current time of six hours or more.
Synonyms
main, chief, primary, leading, foremost, first, most important, predominant, dominant, (most) prominent
key, crucial, vital, essential, basic, staple, critical, pivotal, salient, prime, central, focal
premier, paramount, major, ruling, master, supreme, overriding, cardinal, capital, pre-eminent, ultimate, uppermost, highest, utmost, top, topmost, arch-
informal number-one
2attributive Denoting an original sum invested or lent.
本金的，母金的
the principal amount of your investment
你投资的本金。
Example sentencesExamples
- The Board gave its approval for the sale of $150,000,000 principal amount of accounts receivable.
- Rio Algom issued units consisting of 25 common shares and a Debenture in the principal amount of $2,000.
- An investor invests in the issuer the principal amount of the structured note component.
- However, the plaintiff was successful on obtaining judgment on the principal amount.
- Our goal is to begin making such awards by next year, when the required principal amount has been reached.
- Inflation will erode the value of future coupon dollars and principal repayments; the real interest rate is the return after deducting inflation.
- The principal amount of all other debt is negotiable under the conditions of a world crisis as disastrous as the present one.
- Bondholders will also receive a redemption bonus of up to 16 per cent of the principal amount at maturity, depending on the 100 firms' credit performance.
- It refers to the premium that must be paid by the borrower to the lender along with the principal amount as a condition for the loan or an extension in its maturity.
- As the defendants chose to resist payment rather than to tender payment in the manner described above, they remain liable to pay interest on the outstanding principal amount of the Promissory Note.
- They do this by offering investors a debt security that delivers interest payments and the security of principal repayment.
- Corporate bonds usually pay annual interest on the bond and do not repay the principal amount until the bond's maturity.
- If you buy a bond and hold it until maturity, market risk is not a factor because your principal investment will be returned in full at maturity.
- An investor who does not want to take risks with the principal amount invested should go in for fixed income investments (debt schemes).

noun ˈprɪnsɪp(ə)lˈprɪnsəpəl

1The most important or senior person in an organization or group.
a design consultancy whose principal is based in San Francisco
负责人以旧金山为基地的设计咨询公司。
Example sentencesExamples
- Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz are senior partners and principals at LGE Performance Systems.
- She said: ‘Huntley gave a very, very specific reply that he would be reporting it to myself as his line manager or to the principal if anything was untoward.’
- When they returned to their headquarters in Welcome, N.C., Childress and the principals in his organization brainstormed.
- Marcus McCormack is the principal of many businesses in the Carlow area in the fields of auctioneering, insurance and financial services.
- Stephen B. Wilcox, PhD, is founder and principal of Design Science Consulting Inc.
- Through it all, the principals involved have kept more than profit margins at heart, they have kept both the community and charity within their sights.
- "It was a praiseworthy idea, " says Peter Buckland, principal in charge for Buckland & Taylor.
- But at the end of the day he wasn't a principal in the administration.
- The company has three principals, none of whom have strong accounting or financial backgrounds.
- While Aurik leads A T Kearney's Benelux unit, Jonk and Willen are principals at the consultancy firm.
- Paul Levesque, a principal at the management consulting firm MedStar Partners, identifies some key aspects of medical product development.
- From 1818 to 1820 he is not listed alone but as a principal in the firm of Munroe and Whiting.
- In discussing the political and policy-making roles of the Civil Service we are primarily involved with the higher civil servants, that is, those at the level of principal or above.
- It may be necessary to explain that under a franchising system, a franchised business and the principal belong to different owners.
Synonyms
boss, chief, chief executive (officer), CEO, chairman, chairwoman, managing director, MD, president, director, manager, employer, head, leader, ruler, controller
informal head honcho
British informal gaffer, governor, guv'nor
1. 1.1 The head of a school, college, or other educational institution.
  （中学、学院等的）校长；院长
  I was appointed principal of the new school
  Example sentencesExamples
  Teachers and principals at this school continue to be influenced by certain socio-political factors.
  College principals, head teachers and parents in Hampshire will today find out the details of the biggest shake-up to the country's education system in 60 years.
  Recently, efforts also have been made to assess teachers, principals, and schools, although not systematically.
  The college will appoint an acting principal before filling the position full time.
  Communities often have articulated that what they want is their people trained as teachers and educators and eventually as principals to work in their schools.
  Many charter principals still teach, while principals at traditional public schools are a decade or more out of the classroom.
  School principals and instructional facilitators were also interviewed in-depth to understand the impact of the program on the school as a whole.
  The proposed study was approved by the school superintendents, the school board, school nurses, principals, and teachers.
  The school principal nominates cooperating teachers, who then supervise and mentor the preservice bilingual teacher.
  Like teachers, principals can also use critical reflection and journaling to assess their expectations of first-year teachers and for the school community.
  In the end, principals and teachers should leave these experiences with a renewed sense of faith in the transformative power of schools in children's lives.
  The authors wish to thank the teachers and principals who participated in this study.
  She is a distinguished educator and the principal of a women's college.
  But principals are concerned at delays in a review of the staffing system proposed last year, as they want to know their allocations in time to make appointments for September.
  Then the principals and four educators from each school met with the program developers to discuss details about the program and set intervention dates.
  The authors analyze the data gathered in interviews with district officials, principals, and teachers in the same five largest school districts in the state.
  Low-performing schools need better principals and teachers.
  Both the principals and the teachers need to see the value of including special needs students.
  The dip in applications this year will be a further blow to principals, many of whom are struggling to fill vacancies caused by teachers retiring, bowing out early and leaving the job to go into other careers.
  They are grateful to the various school principals, teachers and pupils who made the programme a success.
  Synonyms
  head teacher, head, headmaster, headmistress, director
  dean, rector, warden, chancellor, vice chancellor, president, provost, governor
  North American informal prexy, prex
2. 1.2 The leading performer in a concert, play, ballet, or opera.
  （音乐会、戏剧、芭蕾舞剧、歌剧中的）主角演员
  the singing style of the principals
  Example sentencesExamples
  The chorus was well drilled and performed well under severe space restrictions - at various times there were 30-plus principals and chorus on stage.
  Two principal performers in this year's Keighley Amateurs' pantomime were recruited after being seen in productions elsewhere.
  In these three videos, by contrast to the other two in the ensemble, Manu is the principal or solo player.
  Aside from the principals, the supporting cast is extraordinary.
  She is the last home-grown female principal at the Royal Ballet, and considers herself a guardian of the lyrical national style.
  In 1971 she joined the Matsuyama Ballet Company in Tokyo as a principal, eventually becoming prima ballerina.
  It is astonishing to think that the same opera house recorded the same work twice in the course of six months, but with a completely different cast of principals and a different conductor.
  The maturity of the voices among the principals was amazing for performers all under 18, over fifty in number.
  Rehearsals are well underway at the moment with chorus and principals rehearsing in Kilmacowen Drama Centre and Ransboro school.
  At most periods in the history of opera, composers have valued and exploited the scope of the chorus for complementing and heightening the functions of principals and orchestra.
  The only thing that carries the film is the performances by the principals.
  He is a beloved principal in The Royal Ballet and returns this month as a guest artist with American Ballet Theatre for its spring season.
  What you see is essentially the stage production, but it's full of color and energy, and the principals all deliver creditable performances.
  At the time he was still, impatiently, waiting to be promoted to principal at the Royal Ballet, but already he was being cast in the sort of roles that would limber him up for this sort of challenge.
  Each episode is a marvellous dance through any number of narrative spaces, as a company of principals, supporting characters and guest artists perform each complex manoeuvre.
  Born in Poland, the Czech twin dancers have been principals at the Hamburg State Ballet since 1997.
  The traditional family panto, with adult principals and the children's chorus, will be presented in Sutton Village Hall, from December 1-4.
  But the other principals in the cast are convincing, too: Gregory Kunde as Éneé and Renata Pokupic as Anna in particular stand out.
  The arrival of the Mercy girls greatly enhanced the shows and since 1970, all the female roles, principals and chorus, have been taken by students from Mercy, Tuam.
  So many principals and chorus members shone that it's impossible to mention everyone: for me the best were Sam Parry, Adriana Gentile, Daniela Laughlin and Vahan Salorian.
  Synonyms
  leading actor/actress, leading player/performer, leading man/lady, lead, star
  protagonist, hero, heroine, leading role, title role
  prima donna, diva, prima ballerina
3. 1.3Music The leading player in each section of an orchestra.
  〔乐〕（管弦乐队每一乐器组的）首席演奏者
  he had been an outstanding principal in the orchestra
  Example sentencesExamples
  He hired fine section principals, many of whom were hired away by bigger, better financed bands.
  Clarence is the ultra-professional second bassoonist, always backing his principal, never complaining, even though he is twice as good a musician.
  Ravel's Boléro is an obvious encore because it gives many principals a moment in the spotlight as the theme is passed from one instrument to the next.
  Nearly every section principal had at least one solo, some longer than others, with several exceptional performances.
  There was some impressive solo playing from the woodwind principals in this performance and the orchestra produced a beautifully controlled pianissimo ending.
4. 1.4 (in certain professions) a fully qualified practitioner.
  （某些行业）完全合格的开业者
  principals in general practice are self-employed and controlled by their practice agreements
  Example sentencesExamples
  To do so, the students are required to submit assessment reports signed by qualified psychologists and principals.
  After some years as a principal in general practice I joined the pharmaceutical industry.
  He is a general practice principal in Glasgow and serves on several council committees, including the governance working group, of which he is the chairman.
  During May to September 1997 we sent a brief questionnaire to all 419 general practice principals in the area administered by Leeds Health Authority.
  We defined singlehanded general practitioners as general practitioner principals who were not in partnership with other general practitioner principals.
  He became an assistant in general practice in 1953, and later a singlehanded principal in the same practice.
  According to Gary Lawlor, the principals of the new practice have between them the skills necessary to meet the demands of all projects they might undertake.
  After house jobs he was a general practitioner principal for eight years, but was attracted to return to the cut and thrust of academic hospital practice and enrolled as a trainee in diagnostic radiology in Bristol.
  All 33 000 general practitioner principals in England will receive paper copies of issue 4 of Clinical Evidence in early March and issue 5 in the summer.
  After house appointments and training in obstetrics and gynaecology she became a principal in general practice in Putney in 1955.
5. 1.5 (in the UK) a senior civil servant in charge of a particular section.
  〈英〉（负责某一部门的）高级公务员
  Example sentencesExamples
  He vowed the department would not sit back and fold its arms, but would appoint an acting principal.
  What his account does necessarily impugn is the judgment and decision-making abilities of the administration principals.
  The principals stated overwhelmingly that government funds were inadequate.
  It is hard to speculate about what York might have looked like today if there had never been a green belt, says Martin Grainger, principal development officer with City of York Council.
2A sum of money lent or invested, on which interest is paid.
母金，本金；可生息资本
the winners are paid from the interest without even touching the principal
中奖者奖金从利息中支付，无须动本金。
Example sentencesExamples
- Monthly payments to the lender go only towards the interest, not the principal.
- The debt-service ratio measures the share of income devoted by households for paying interest and principal on their debt.
- Creditors set the conditions for reducing debt payments and principal, just as they set the conditions for granting new loans.
- Extra principal paid at the beginning of a mortgage will save thousands of dollars in interest as well as knock several years off the loan.
- Cash flows at highly leveraged firms tend to be committed to principal and interest payments, and lenders may see the firm as having reached its maximum debt capacity.
- The funds are sufficient to provide for a safe clearance of principal and interest rate payments for the next three and a half to four years.
- As homeowners make monthly mortgage payments to reduce the principal owed on the house, they slowly increase the equity, or value, of that home.
- Each mortgage payment lowers the principal, increasing the home's equity.
- If your lender violated state laws, regulators can force the lender to forgive the entire principal and interest on the home loan.
- The insurance policy ensures full and timely payment of interest and ultimate payment of principal by the legal final distribution date of each class.
- It used to be that homeowners would in effect be forced to save as they paid back the principal on their mortgage loan.
- He demonstrated that a person hypothetically could buy a bond and end up repaying the interest and principal through tax payments.
- The payment of principal and interest on these instrument stems from the cash flows collected on the underlying assets in the pool.
- This calculation is done using standard loan payment formulas that differentiate between each period's principal and interest payments.
- The agreement also defines the way of announcing financial information for small clients and the total expenditure on loans, such as principal, interest rate, fees and commissions.
- Interest-only mortgages allow borrowers to pay interest, but no principal, throughout the life of the loan, which is usually 15 years.
- A general obligation bond uses tax revenue to guarantee payment of interest and principal.
- In cases when the state provides financing for a loan to third parties, they are required to put up security covering the principal and interest owed by them.
- Each payment should include an allocation of principal and interest amounts.
- Like the monthly payments of a mortgage, monthly car payments are divided between paying principal and interest, and the amounts dedicated to each vary from payment to payment.
Synonyms
capital sum, capital, capital funds, working capital, financial resources
money, debt, loan
3A person for whom another acts as an agent or representative.
委托人，本人，被代理人
stockbrokers in Tokyo act as agents rather than as principals
东京的股票经纪人只是代理人而不是委托人。
Example sentencesExamples
- If the relationship was solely a contractual principal and agent relationship, was it governed by the terms of the 1995 agency agreement?
- The respondents accept that the authority of an agent may be revoked by express notice given by the principal to the agent.
- Corporate managers act as the agent representing the shareholders, who are the firm's principals.
- The difficulties with agents include conflicts of interest when the same agent acts for competing principals or is simply inert.
- No one at the company had asked the First Defendant for any deposit because they were aware he was only acting as agent and the deposit would be provided by his principal.
- It is accepted that an authorised publication by an agent attracts the same qualified privilege as would the same publication by the principal.
- The power to disqualify agents also extends to those who are ethically incompetent in that they cannot be relied upon to conduct their principal's representation in an honest and ethical manner.
- Occasionally, this amount is reduced to take into account the efforts of the principal's other agents located outside the UK, but who have an influence on the purchasing decision.
- Moreover, the use of disclaimers to insulate estate agents and their principals from responsibility for representations was commonplace and the normal basis on which house sales were carried out.
- An action for an account brought by a principal against his agent is barred by the statutes of limitation unless the agent is more than a mere agent but is a trustee of the money which he received.
- Today's topic was the fiduciary responsibilities of agents to their principals.
- Moreover, various consequences flow because in this situation it is acting as principal, rather than as agent of the issuer.
- Collections of prints have been disposed of through dealers, who have acted as agents rather than as principals.
- In his relations with his commercial agent a principal must act dutifully and in good faith.
- It does not affect, in our submission, the notion that the person who is the agent may well be acting as agent for an undisclosed principal.
- Is it not possible that the agent and the principal were both participants in the importation?
- It has been argued, for example, that the relationship between a central bank and government should be conceived of in terms of an agent-principal contract.
- The defendant was a principal, not a guarantor.
- Nothing in that agreement seems to me to prevent Plantiflor acting as agent for principals undisclosed at the time the agreement was made but known from the addressee's name on the packet by the time the parcel was dispatched.
- The agent of an undisclosed principal may also sue and be sued on the contract.
4Law
The person directly responsible for a crime.
〔律〕主犯，首犯
Example sentencesExamples
- If a person is determined to be a principal in a crime, the jurors had wanted to know, is that person guilty of the crime?
- I don't want the cops to haul me and the gang back to face our principal for crimes years in the past.
- Here criminal responsibility arises if the aider and abettor knows that his action will assist the commission of a specific crime by the principal.
- I had a feeling that Caysee would help the principal commit any crime he wished so long as it kept her in her elevated position.
- Complicity often involves the accomplice in words or deeds prior to the principal's crime.
- The action is brought against the company as well as the two principals and sole shareholders, officers and directors of the company.
1. 4.1historical Each of the combatants in a duel.
  〈史〉决斗者
  Example sentencesExamples
  Then he added that he and his principal would enjoy axes, and indeed prefer them, but such weapons were barred by the French code, and so I must change my proposal.
  This speech had so good an effect that my principal immediately stretched forth his hand and said, "I am myself again; give me the weapon."
5A main rafter supporting purlins.
（支撑檩的）主椽
Example sentencesExamples
- Two 2 in. x 6 in. struts run from purlin to truss principal.
- The truss principal extends from below the plate to the ridge.
6An organ stop sounding a main register of open flue pipes typically an octave above the diapason.
（管风琴的）主音栓
all the principals are on one manual
Example sentencesExamples
- The plein jeu together with the 8-ft. principal and 4-ft. prestant, which are also from the old great organ, produce a principal chorus which contrasts remarkably with those in the other divisions of the organ.
- The distinctive pipe organ sound which cannot be duplicated by any other instrument is produced by ranks designated as the Principal.

Usage

On the confusion of principal and principle, see principle

Phrases

principal in the first degree

A person who directly perpetrates a crime.
〔律〕主犯，首犯
Example sentencesExamples
- Thus, a person may be convicted of a crime so long as the evidence demonstrates that he acted as an accessory before the fact, as a principal in the second degree, or as a principal in the first degree in the commission of such offense.
- In such circumstances they may allege, in a single count, the alternative allegations that D was principal in the first degree or that he aided and abetted, counselled or procured the offence.

principal in the second degree

A person who directly aids the perpetration of a crime.
Example sentencesExamples
- Those who were merely present, encouraging but not participating physically, or whose acts were not a substantial cause of death, were regarded as principals in the second degree.
- In felony cases a principal in the second degree could be convicted notwithstanding the prior acquittal of the first-degree principal.

Derivatives

principalship

noun

Paton resigned his principalship and decided to try to write full-time.
Example sentencesExamples
- Marcella Walsh has created his own historic niche by taking over the principalship at St. Mary's, and I don't know of a more suitable or qualified person for the post than this unassuming but extremely talented teacher.
- Not wanting to lose touch with his students, Paddy remained teaching during his 31-year principalship.
- Less than one in 20 of teachers surveyed by a principal's group said they ever intended to apply for a principalship.
- This Digest examines the challenges faced by new administrators and the steps that districts can take to provide a smooth entry into the principalship.

Origin

Middle English: via Old French from Latin principalis 'first, original', from princeps, princip- 'first, chief'.

Rhymes

principle

Definition of principal in US English:

principal

adjectiveˈprɪnsəpəlˈprinsəpəl

1First in order of importance; main.
首要的；主要的
the country's principal cities
该国的重要城市。
Example sentencesExamples
- In a recent VisitScotland survey, German, US and English visitors all cited Scotland's stunning scenery as their principal reason for holidaying in the country.
- As every resident of central Massachusetts would have understood, that road continued to Boston, the capital city and principal port of the state.
- In my view, the principal reason for its closure is that it is much more readily sold for building land and, being a larger site and unencumbered by green belt restrictions, was more likely to produce a tidy sum.
- The Harris family also built a new detached kitchen directly behind the rear piazza and converted the fireplaces in the principal rooms of the main floor to coal.
- Otherwise, Tozeur's main business lay in its 40,000 date palms, and the principal activity around the main square was waiting in the shade for time to pass.
- Campaigners have launched a £3m appeal to save Manchester's John Rylands Library - and turn it into one of the city's principal attractions.
- The tabloid revelations were, according to sources within Goodison Park, the principal reason why Rooney was so anxious to leave Merseyside before the transfer window closed.
- Philadelphia was the new country's, principal city.
- Disagreement among the circuits isn't uncommon, and is a principal reason that the Supreme Court will take a case for review.
- The principal reason behind the healthy upturn in membership has been mainly due to the club's resolve to ensure an amiable environment in which women golfers of all abilities can thrive.
- The principal reason that individuals, couples and ‘hard working families’ struggle to purchase a home is not Stamp Duty, but spiralling house prices.
- The company blamed a growing trend towards home consumption as the principal reason for falling sales, although it also acknowledged the smoking ban was having an impact on draught beer sales.
- For example, a capital city or principal centre can be inferred from its size, and from signs of central organization such as an archive, a mint, a palace and major religious buildings, or fortifications.
- Adam's most ambitious interiors at Home House were the main staircase and the principal reception rooms on the second floor.
- Many riders point to the adrenaline rush as the principal reason behind their fascination with the Harley; it's a feeling they describe as inexplicable.
- The rail work to be completed by the end of 2005 will enable travel between Turkey's two principal cities in just over three hours, cutting in half the current time of six hours or more.
- With the advent of jet travel, you don't need port cities as your principal contacts with the outside world: the ‘coast’ can move inland.
- The station is one of the city's principal transport interchanges, with rail services, numerous bus routes and York's busiest taxi ranks.
- Those living in the region's principal cities - Leeds, Bradford, Hull and Sheffield - will see their councils raise taxes by less than five per cent.
- New York city remains the principal port of entry and site of settlement for new Jewish immigrants and this includes the Iranian, the Israeli and the Russian Jews.
Synonyms
main, chief, primary, leading, foremost, first, most important, predominant, dominant, prominent, most prominent
2(of money) denoting an original sum invested or lent.
本金的，母金的
the principal amount of your investment
你投资的本金。
Example sentencesExamples
- Rio Algom issued units consisting of 25 common shares and a Debenture in the principal amount of $2,000.
- An investor invests in the issuer the principal amount of the structured note component.
- The Board gave its approval for the sale of $150,000,000 principal amount of accounts receivable.
- The principal amount of all other debt is negotiable under the conditions of a world crisis as disastrous as the present one.
- Corporate bonds usually pay annual interest on the bond and do not repay the principal amount until the bond's maturity.
- It refers to the premium that must be paid by the borrower to the lender along with the principal amount as a condition for the loan or an extension in its maturity.
- If you buy a bond and hold it until maturity, market risk is not a factor because your principal investment will be returned in full at maturity.
- Our goal is to begin making such awards by next year, when the required principal amount has been reached.
- However, the plaintiff was successful on obtaining judgment on the principal amount.
- Inflation will erode the value of future coupon dollars and principal repayments; the real interest rate is the return after deducting inflation.
- An investor who does not want to take risks with the principal amount invested should go in for fixed income investments (debt schemes).
- Bondholders will also receive a redemption bonus of up to 16 per cent of the principal amount at maturity, depending on the 100 firms' credit performance.
- They do this by offering investors a debt security that delivers interest payments and the security of principal repayment.
- As the defendants chose to resist payment rather than to tender payment in the manner described above, they remain liable to pay interest on the outstanding principal amount of the Promissory Note.

nounˈprɪnsəpəlˈprinsəpəl

1The person with the highest authority or most important position in an organization, institution, or group.
（机构、组织、团体的）首领；长官，首长；负责人
a design consultancy whose principal is based in San Francisco
负责人以旧金山为基地的设计咨询公司。
Example sentencesExamples
- The company has three principals, none of whom have strong accounting or financial backgrounds.
- It may be necessary to explain that under a franchising system, a franchised business and the principal belong to different owners.
- Paul Levesque, a principal at the management consulting firm MedStar Partners, identifies some key aspects of medical product development.
- Stephen B. Wilcox, PhD, is founder and principal of Design Science Consulting Inc.
- Marcus McCormack is the principal of many businesses in the Carlow area in the fields of auctioneering, insurance and financial services.
- "It was a praiseworthy idea, " says Peter Buckland, principal in charge for Buckland & Taylor.
- Through it all, the principals involved have kept more than profit margins at heart, they have kept both the community and charity within their sights.
- In discussing the political and policy-making roles of the Civil Service we are primarily involved with the higher civil servants, that is, those at the level of principal or above.
- She said: ‘Huntley gave a very, very specific reply that he would be reporting it to myself as his line manager or to the principal if anything was untoward.’
- But at the end of the day he wasn't a principal in the administration.
- While Aurik leads A T Kearney's Benelux unit, Jonk and Willen are principals at the consultancy firm.
- When they returned to their headquarters in Welcome, N.C., Childress and the principals in his organization brainstormed.
- From 1818 to 1820 he is not listed alone but as a principal in the firm of Munroe and Whiting.
- Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz are senior partners and principals at LGE Performance Systems.
Synonyms
boss, chief, chief executive, chief executive officer, ceo, chairman, chairwoman, managing director, md, president, director, manager, employer, head, leader, ruler, controller
1. 1.1 The head of a school, college, or other educational institution.
  （中学、学院等的）校长；院长
  Example sentencesExamples
  Then the principals and four educators from each school met with the program developers to discuss details about the program and set intervention dates.
  College principals, head teachers and parents in Hampshire will today find out the details of the biggest shake-up to the country's education system in 60 years.
  The proposed study was approved by the school superintendents, the school board, school nurses, principals, and teachers.
  She is a distinguished educator and the principal of a women's college.
  Low-performing schools need better principals and teachers.
  The dip in applications this year will be a further blow to principals, many of whom are struggling to fill vacancies caused by teachers retiring, bowing out early and leaving the job to go into other careers.
  The authors wish to thank the teachers and principals who participated in this study.
  School principals and instructional facilitators were also interviewed in-depth to understand the impact of the program on the school as a whole.
  But principals are concerned at delays in a review of the staffing system proposed last year, as they want to know their allocations in time to make appointments for September.
  Many charter principals still teach, while principals at traditional public schools are a decade or more out of the classroom.
  Like teachers, principals can also use critical reflection and journaling to assess their expectations of first-year teachers and for the school community.
  Both the principals and the teachers need to see the value of including special needs students.
  In the end, principals and teachers should leave these experiences with a renewed sense of faith in the transformative power of schools in children's lives.
  The school principal nominates cooperating teachers, who then supervise and mentor the preservice bilingual teacher.
  The authors analyze the data gathered in interviews with district officials, principals, and teachers in the same five largest school districts in the state.
  Communities often have articulated that what they want is their people trained as teachers and educators and eventually as principals to work in their schools.
  Teachers and principals at this school continue to be influenced by certain socio-political factors.
  The college will appoint an acting principal before filling the position full time.
  They are grateful to the various school principals, teachers and pupils who made the programme a success.
  Recently, efforts also have been made to assess teachers, principals, and schools, although not systematically.
  Synonyms
  head teacher, head, headmaster, headmistress, director
2. 1.2 The leading performer in a concert, play, ballet, or opera.
  （音乐会、戏剧、芭蕾舞剧、歌剧中的）主角演员
  Example sentencesExamples
  So many principals and chorus members shone that it's impossible to mention everyone: for me the best were Sam Parry, Adriana Gentile, Daniela Laughlin and Vahan Salorian.
  It is astonishing to think that the same opera house recorded the same work twice in the course of six months, but with a completely different cast of principals and a different conductor.
  Aside from the principals, the supporting cast is extraordinary.
  The maturity of the voices among the principals was amazing for performers all under 18, over fifty in number.
  In 1971 she joined the Matsuyama Ballet Company in Tokyo as a principal, eventually becoming prima ballerina.
  Rehearsals are well underway at the moment with chorus and principals rehearsing in Kilmacowen Drama Centre and Ransboro school.
  What you see is essentially the stage production, but it's full of color and energy, and the principals all deliver creditable performances.
  Born in Poland, the Czech twin dancers have been principals at the Hamburg State Ballet since 1997.
  The chorus was well drilled and performed well under severe space restrictions - at various times there were 30-plus principals and chorus on stage.
  He is a beloved principal in The Royal Ballet and returns this month as a guest artist with American Ballet Theatre for its spring season.
  But the other principals in the cast are convincing, too: Gregory Kunde as Éneé and Renata Pokupic as Anna in particular stand out.
  Two principal performers in this year's Keighley Amateurs' pantomime were recruited after being seen in productions elsewhere.
  The arrival of the Mercy girls greatly enhanced the shows and since 1970, all the female roles, principals and chorus, have been taken by students from Mercy, Tuam.
  The traditional family panto, with adult principals and the children's chorus, will be presented in Sutton Village Hall, from December 1-4.
  At the time he was still, impatiently, waiting to be promoted to principal at the Royal Ballet, but already he was being cast in the sort of roles that would limber him up for this sort of challenge.
  Each episode is a marvellous dance through any number of narrative spaces, as a company of principals, supporting characters and guest artists perform each complex manoeuvre.
  In these three videos, by contrast to the other two in the ensemble, Manu is the principal or solo player.
  The only thing that carries the film is the performances by the principals.
  At most periods in the history of opera, composers have valued and exploited the scope of the chorus for complementing and heightening the functions of principals and orchestra.
  She is the last home-grown female principal at the Royal Ballet, and considers herself a guardian of the lyrical national style.
  Synonyms
  leading actor, leading actress, leading performer, leading player, leading lady, leading man, lead, star
3. 1.3Music The leading player in each section of an orchestra.
  〔乐〕（管弦乐队每一乐器组的）首席演奏者
  Example sentencesExamples
  Nearly every section principal had at least one solo, some longer than others, with several exceptional performances.
  Clarence is the ultra-professional second bassoonist, always backing his principal, never complaining, even though he is twice as good a musician.
  There was some impressive solo playing from the woodwind principals in this performance and the orchestra produced a beautifully controlled pianissimo ending.
  He hired fine section principals, many of whom were hired away by bigger, better financed bands.
  Ravel's Boléro is an obvious encore because it gives many principals a moment in the spotlight as the theme is passed from one instrument to the next.
2A sum of money lent or invested, on which interest is paid.
母金，本金；可生息资本
the winners are paid from the interest without even touching the principal
中奖者奖金从利息中支付，无须动本金。
Example sentencesExamples
- As homeowners make monthly mortgage payments to reduce the principal owed on the house, they slowly increase the equity, or value, of that home.
- This calculation is done using standard loan payment formulas that differentiate between each period's principal and interest payments.
- Cash flows at highly leveraged firms tend to be committed to principal and interest payments, and lenders may see the firm as having reached its maximum debt capacity.
- If your lender violated state laws, regulators can force the lender to forgive the entire principal and interest on the home loan.
- The payment of principal and interest on these instrument stems from the cash flows collected on the underlying assets in the pool.
- Each payment should include an allocation of principal and interest amounts.
- A general obligation bond uses tax revenue to guarantee payment of interest and principal.
- Interest-only mortgages allow borrowers to pay interest, but no principal, throughout the life of the loan, which is usually 15 years.
- Extra principal paid at the beginning of a mortgage will save thousands of dollars in interest as well as knock several years off the loan.
- The debt-service ratio measures the share of income devoted by households for paying interest and principal on their debt.
- In cases when the state provides financing for a loan to third parties, they are required to put up security covering the principal and interest owed by them.
- Creditors set the conditions for reducing debt payments and principal, just as they set the conditions for granting new loans.
- Monthly payments to the lender go only towards the interest, not the principal.
- Each mortgage payment lowers the principal, increasing the home's equity.
- He demonstrated that a person hypothetically could buy a bond and end up repaying the interest and principal through tax payments.
- The funds are sufficient to provide for a safe clearance of principal and interest rate payments for the next three and a half to four years.
- It used to be that homeowners would in effect be forced to save as they paid back the principal on their mortgage loan.
- Like the monthly payments of a mortgage, monthly car payments are divided between paying principal and interest, and the amounts dedicated to each vary from payment to payment.
- The agreement also defines the way of announcing financial information for small clients and the total expenditure on loans, such as principal, interest rate, fees and commissions.
- The insurance policy ensures full and timely payment of interest and ultimate payment of principal by the legal final distribution date of each class.
Synonyms
capital sum, capital, capital funds, working capital, financial resources
3A person for whom another acts as an agent or representative.
委托人，本人，被代理人
stockbrokers in Tokyo act as agents rather than as principals
东京的股票经纪人只是代理人而不是委托人。
Example sentencesExamples
- No one at the company had asked the First Defendant for any deposit because they were aware he was only acting as agent and the deposit would be provided by his principal.
- The agent of an undisclosed principal may also sue and be sued on the contract.
- An action for an account brought by a principal against his agent is barred by the statutes of limitation unless the agent is more than a mere agent but is a trustee of the money which he received.
- It is accepted that an authorised publication by an agent attracts the same qualified privilege as would the same publication by the principal.
- The difficulties with agents include conflicts of interest when the same agent acts for competing principals or is simply inert.
- Today's topic was the fiduciary responsibilities of agents to their principals.
- In his relations with his commercial agent a principal must act dutifully and in good faith.
- The respondents accept that the authority of an agent may be revoked by express notice given by the principal to the agent.
- The power to disqualify agents also extends to those who are ethically incompetent in that they cannot be relied upon to conduct their principal's representation in an honest and ethical manner.
- Moreover, the use of disclaimers to insulate estate agents and their principals from responsibility for representations was commonplace and the normal basis on which house sales were carried out.
- Occasionally, this amount is reduced to take into account the efforts of the principal's other agents located outside the UK, but who have an influence on the purchasing decision.
- The defendant was a principal, not a guarantor.
- Moreover, various consequences flow because in this situation it is acting as principal, rather than as agent of the issuer.
- Collections of prints have been disposed of through dealers, who have acted as agents rather than as principals.
- If the relationship was solely a contractual principal and agent relationship, was it governed by the terms of the 1995 agency agreement?
- Is it not possible that the agent and the principal were both participants in the importation?
- Corporate managers act as the agent representing the shareholders, who are the firm's principals.
- Nothing in that agreement seems to me to prevent Plantiflor acting as agent for principals undisclosed at the time the agreement was made but known from the addressee's name on the packet by the time the parcel was dispatched.
- It does not affect, in our submission, the notion that the person who is the agent may well be acting as agent for an undisclosed principal.
- It has been argued, for example, that the relationship between a central bank and government should be conceived of in terms of an agent-principal contract.
4Law
The person directly responsible for a crime.
〔律〕主犯，首犯
Example sentencesExamples
- I don't want the cops to haul me and the gang back to face our principal for crimes years in the past.
- If a person is determined to be a principal in a crime, the jurors had wanted to know, is that person guilty of the crime?
- Complicity often involves the accomplice in words or deeds prior to the principal's crime.
- I had a feeling that Caysee would help the principal commit any crime he wished so long as it kept her in her elevated position.
- The action is brought against the company as well as the two principals and sole shareholders, officers and directors of the company.
- Here criminal responsibility arises if the aider and abettor knows that his action will assist the commission of a specific crime by the principal.
1. 4.1historical Each of the combatants in a duel.
  〈史〉决斗者
  Example sentencesExamples
  This speech had so good an effect that my principal immediately stretched forth his hand and said, "I am myself again; give me the weapon."
  Then he added that he and his principal would enjoy axes, and indeed prefer them, but such weapons were barred by the French code, and so I must change my proposal.
5A main rafter supporting purlins.
（支撑檩的）主椽
Example sentencesExamples
- The truss principal extends from below the plate to the ridge.
- Two 2 in. x 6 in. struts run from purlin to truss principal.
6An organ stop sounding a main register of open flue pipes typically an octave above the diapason.
（管风琴的）主音栓
Example sentencesExamples
- The distinctive pipe organ sound which cannot be duplicated by any other instrument is produced by ranks designated as the Principal.
- The plein jeu together with the 8-ft. principal and 4-ft. prestant, which are also from the old great organ, produce a principal chorus which contrasts remarkably with those in the other divisions of the organ.

Usage

Is it principal or principle? Principal means 'most important' or 'person in charge': my principal reason for coming tonight; the high school principal. It also means 'a capital sum': the principal would be repaid in five years. Principle means 'rule, basis for conduct': her principles kept her from stealing despite her poverty

Origin

Middle English: via Old French from Latin principalis ‘first, original’, from princeps, princip- ‘first, chief’.

单词	principal
释义	Definition of principal in English: principal adjective ˈprɪnsɪp(ə)lˈprɪnsəpəl 1attributive First in order of importance; main. 首要的；主要的 the country's principal cities 该国的重要城市。 Example sentencesExamples Otherwise, Tozeur's main business lay in its 40,000 date palms, and the principal activity around the main square was waiting in the shade for time to pass. The Harris family also built a new detached kitchen directly behind the rear piazza and converted the fireplaces in the principal rooms of the main floor to coal. New York city remains the principal port of entry and site of settlement for new Jewish immigrants and this includes the Iranian, the Israeli and the Russian Jews. The tabloid revelations were, according to sources within Goodison Park, the principal reason why Rooney was so anxious to leave Merseyside before the transfer window closed. With the advent of jet travel, you don't need port cities as your principal contacts with the outside world: the ‘coast’ can move inland. Philadelphia was the new country's, principal city. The company blamed a growing trend towards home consumption as the principal reason for falling sales, although it also acknowledged the smoking ban was having an impact on draught beer sales. Many riders point to the adrenaline rush as the principal reason behind their fascination with the Harley; it's a feeling they describe as inexplicable. Disagreement among the circuits isn't uncommon, and is a principal reason that the Supreme Court will take a case for review. Those living in the region's principal cities - Leeds, Bradford, Hull and Sheffield - will see their councils raise taxes by less than five per cent. For example, a capital city or principal centre can be inferred from its size, and from signs of central organization such as an archive, a mint, a palace and major religious buildings, or fortifications. The station is one of the city's principal transport interchanges, with rail services, numerous bus routes and York's busiest taxi ranks. The principal reason that individuals, couples and ‘hard working families’ struggle to purchase a home is not Stamp Duty, but spiralling house prices. In my view, the principal reason for its closure is that it is much more readily sold for building land and, being a larger site and unencumbered by green belt restrictions, was more likely to produce a tidy sum. The principal reason behind the healthy upturn in membership has been mainly due to the club's resolve to ensure an amiable environment in which women golfers of all abilities can thrive. As every resident of central Massachusetts would have understood, that road continued to Boston, the capital city and principal port of the state. Adam's most ambitious interiors at Home House were the main staircase and the principal reception rooms on the second floor. In a recent VisitScotland survey, German, US and English visitors all cited Scotland's stunning scenery as their principal reason for holidaying in the country. Campaigners have launched a £3m appeal to save Manchester's John Rylands Library - and turn it into one of the city's principal attractions. The rail work to be completed by the end of 2005 will enable travel between Turkey's two principal cities in just over three hours, cutting in half the current time of six hours or more. Synonyms main, chief, primary, leading, foremost, first, most important, predominant, dominant, (most) prominent key, crucial, vital, essential, basic, staple, critical, pivotal, salient, prime, central, focal premier, paramount, major, ruling, master, supreme, overriding, cardinal, capital, pre-eminent, ultimate, uppermost, highest, utmost, top, topmost, arch- informal number-one 2attributive Denoting an original sum invested or lent. 本金的，母金的 the principal amount of your investment 你投资的本金。 Example sentencesExamples The Board gave its approval for the sale of $150,000,000 principal amount of accounts receivable. Rio Algom issued units consisting of 25 common shares and a Debenture in the principal amount of $2,000. An investor invests in the issuer the principal amount of the structured note component. However, the plaintiff was successful on obtaining judgment on the principal amount. Our goal is to begin making such awards by next year, when the required principal amount has been reached. Inflation will erode the value of future coupon dollars and principal repayments; the real interest rate is the return after deducting inflation. The principal amount of all other debt is negotiable under the conditions of a world crisis as disastrous as the present one. Bondholders will also receive a redemption bonus of up to 16 per cent of the principal amount at maturity, depending on the 100 firms' credit performance. It refers to the premium that must be paid by the borrower to the lender along with the principal amount as a condition for the loan or an extension in its maturity. As the defendants chose to resist payment rather than to tender payment in the manner described above, they remain liable to pay interest on the outstanding principal amount of the Promissory Note. They do this by offering investors a debt security that delivers interest payments and the security of principal repayment. Corporate bonds usually pay annual interest on the bond and do not repay the principal amount until the bond's maturity. If you buy a bond and hold it until maturity, market risk is not a factor because your principal investment will be returned in full at maturity. An investor who does not want to take risks with the principal amount invested should go in for fixed income investments (debt schemes). noun ˈprɪnsɪp(ə)lˈprɪnsəpəl 1The most important or senior person in an organization or group. a design consultancy whose principal is based in San Francisco 负责人以旧金山为基地的设计咨询公司。 Example sentencesExamples Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz are senior partners and principals at LGE Performance Systems. She said: ‘Huntley gave a very, very specific reply that he would be reporting it to myself as his line manager or to the principal if anything was untoward.’ When they returned to their headquarters in Welcome, N.C., Childress and the principals in his organization brainstormed. Marcus McCormack is the principal of many businesses in the Carlow area in the fields of auctioneering, insurance and financial services. Stephen B. Wilcox, PhD, is founder and principal of Design Science Consulting Inc. Through it all, the principals involved have kept more than profit margins at heart, they have kept both the community and charity within their sights. "It was a praiseworthy idea, " says Peter Buckland, principal in charge for Buckland & Taylor. But at the end of the day he wasn't a principal in the administration. The company has three principals, none of whom have strong accounting or financial backgrounds. While Aurik leads A T Kearney's Benelux unit, Jonk and Willen are principals at the consultancy firm. Paul Levesque, a principal at the management consulting firm MedStar Partners, identifies some key aspects of medical product development. From 1818 to 1820 he is not listed alone but as a principal in the firm of Munroe and Whiting. In discussing the political and policy-making roles of the Civil Service we are primarily involved with the higher civil servants, that is, those at the level of principal or above. It may be necessary to explain that under a franchising system, a franchised business and the principal belong to different owners. Synonyms boss, chief, chief executive (officer), CEO, chairman, chairwoman, managing director, MD, president, director, manager, employer, head, leader, ruler, controller informal head honcho British informal gaffer, governor, guv'nor 1.1 The head of a school, college, or other educational institution. （中学、学院等的）校长；院长 I was appointed principal of the new school Example sentencesExamples Teachers and principals at this school continue to be influenced by certain socio-political factors. College principals, head teachers and parents in Hampshire will today find out the details of the biggest shake-up to the country's education system in 60 years. Recently, efforts also have been made to assess teachers, principals, and schools, although not systematically. The college will appoint an acting principal before filling the position full time. Communities often have articulated that what they want is their people trained as teachers and educators and eventually as principals to work in their schools. Many charter principals still teach, while principals at traditional public schools are a decade or more out of the classroom. School principals and instructional facilitators were also interviewed in-depth to understand the impact of the program on the school as a whole. The proposed study was approved by the school superintendents, the school board, school nurses, principals, and teachers. The school principal nominates cooperating teachers, who then supervise and mentor the preservice bilingual teacher. Like teachers, principals can also use critical reflection and journaling to assess their expectations of first-year teachers and for the school community. In the end, principals and teachers should leave these experiences with a renewed sense of faith in the transformative power of schools in children's lives. The authors wish to thank the teachers and principals who participated in this study. She is a distinguished educator and the principal of a women's college. But principals are concerned at delays in a review of the staffing system proposed last year, as they want to know their allocations in time to make appointments for September. Then the principals and four educators from each school met with the program developers to discuss details about the program and set intervention dates. The authors analyze the data gathered in interviews with district officials, principals, and teachers in the same five largest school districts in the state. Low-performing schools need better principals and teachers. Both the principals and the teachers need to see the value of including special needs students. The dip in applications this year will be a further blow to principals, many of whom are struggling to fill vacancies caused by teachers retiring, bowing out early and leaving the job to go into other careers. They are grateful to the various school principals, teachers and pupils who made the programme a success. Synonyms head teacher, head, headmaster, headmistress, director dean, rector, warden, chancellor, vice chancellor, president, provost, governor North American informal prexy, prex 1.2 The leading performer in a concert, play, ballet, or opera. （音乐会、戏剧、芭蕾舞剧、歌剧中的）主角演员 the singing style of the principals Example sentencesExamples The chorus was well drilled and performed well under severe space restrictions - at various times there were 30-plus principals and chorus on stage. Two principal performers in this year's Keighley Amateurs' pantomime were recruited after being seen in productions elsewhere. In these three videos, by contrast to the other two in the ensemble, Manu is the principal or solo player. Aside from the principals, the supporting cast is extraordinary. She is the last home-grown female principal at the Royal Ballet, and considers herself a guardian of the lyrical national style. In 1971 she joined the Matsuyama Ballet Company in Tokyo as a principal, eventually becoming prima ballerina. It is astonishing to think that the same opera house recorded the same work twice in the course of six months, but with a completely different cast of principals and a different conductor. The maturity of the voices among the principals was amazing for performers all under 18, over fifty in number. Rehearsals are well underway at the moment with chorus and principals rehearsing in Kilmacowen Drama Centre and Ransboro school. At most periods in the history of opera, composers have valued and exploited the scope of the chorus for complementing and heightening the functions of principals and orchestra. The only thing that carries the film is the performances by the principals. He is a beloved principal in The Royal Ballet and returns this month as a guest artist with American Ballet Theatre for its spring season. What you see is essentially the stage production, but it's full of color and energy, and the principals all deliver creditable performances. At the time he was still, impatiently, waiting to be promoted to principal at the Royal Ballet, but already he was being cast in the sort of roles that would limber him up for this sort of challenge. Each episode is a marvellous dance through any number of narrative spaces, as a company of principals, supporting characters and guest artists perform each complex manoeuvre. Born in Poland, the Czech twin dancers have been principals at the Hamburg State Ballet since 1997. The traditional family panto, with adult principals and the children's chorus, will be presented in Sutton Village Hall, from December 1-4. But the other principals in the cast are convincing, too: Gregory Kunde as Éneé and Renata Pokupic as Anna in particular stand out. The arrival of the Mercy girls greatly enhanced the shows and since 1970, all the female roles, principals and chorus, have been taken by students from Mercy, Tuam. So many principals and chorus members shone that it's impossible to mention everyone: for me the best were Sam Parry, Adriana Gentile, Daniela Laughlin and Vahan Salorian. Synonyms leading actor/actress, leading player/performer, leading man/lady, lead, star protagonist, hero, heroine, leading role, title role prima donna, diva, prima ballerina 1.3Music The leading player in each section of an orchestra. 〔乐〕（管弦乐队每一乐器组的）首席演奏者 he had been an outstanding principal in the orchestra Example sentencesExamples He hired fine section principals, many of whom were hired away by bigger, better financed bands. Clarence is the ultra-professional second bassoonist, always backing his principal, never complaining, even though he is twice as good a musician. Ravel's Boléro is an obvious encore because it gives many principals a moment in the spotlight as the theme is passed from one instrument to the next. Nearly every section principal had at least one solo, some longer than others, with several exceptional performances. There was some impressive solo playing from the woodwind principals in this performance and the orchestra produced a beautifully controlled pianissimo ending. 1.4 (in certain professions) a fully qualified practitioner. （某些行业）完全合格的开业者 principals in general practice are self-employed and controlled by their practice agreements Example sentencesExamples To do so, the students are required to submit assessment reports signed by qualified psychologists and principals. After some years as a principal in general practice I joined the pharmaceutical industry. He is a general practice principal in Glasgow and serves on several council committees, including the governance working group, of which he is the chairman. During May to September 1997 we sent a brief questionnaire to all 419 general practice principals in the area administered by Leeds Health Authority. We defined singlehanded general practitioners as general practitioner principals who were not in partnership with other general practitioner principals. He became an assistant in general practice in 1953, and later a singlehanded principal in the same practice. According to Gary Lawlor, the principals of the new practice have between them the skills necessary to meet the demands of all projects they might undertake. After house jobs he was a general practitioner principal for eight years, but was attracted to return to the cut and thrust of academic hospital practice and enrolled as a trainee in diagnostic radiology in Bristol. All 33 000 general practitioner principals in England will receive paper copies of issue 4 of Clinical Evidence in early March and issue 5 in the summer. After house appointments and training in obstetrics and gynaecology she became a principal in general practice in Putney in 1955. 1.5 (in the UK) a senior civil servant in charge of a particular section. 〈英〉（负责某一部门的）高级公务员 Example sentencesExamples He vowed the department would not sit back and fold its arms, but would appoint an acting principal. What his account does necessarily impugn is the judgment and decision-making abilities of the administration principals. The principals stated overwhelmingly that government funds were inadequate. It is hard to speculate about what York might have looked like today if there had never been a green belt, says Martin Grainger, principal development officer with City of York Council. 2A sum of money lent or invested, on which interest is paid. 母金，本金；可生息资本 the winners are paid from the interest without even touching the principal 中奖者奖金从利息中支付，无须动本金。 Example sentencesExamples Monthly payments to the lender go only towards the interest, not the principal. The debt-service ratio measures the share of income devoted by households for paying interest and principal on their debt. Creditors set the conditions for reducing debt payments and principal, just as they set the conditions for granting new loans. Extra principal paid at the beginning of a mortgage will save thousands of dollars in interest as well as knock several years off the loan. Cash flows at highly leveraged firms tend to be committed to principal and interest payments, and lenders may see the firm as having reached its maximum debt capacity. The funds are sufficient to provide for a safe clearance of principal and interest rate payments for the next three and a half to four years. As homeowners make monthly mortgage payments to reduce the principal owed on the house, they slowly increase the equity, or value, of that home. Each mortgage payment lowers the principal, increasing the home's equity. If your lender violated state laws, regulators can force the lender to forgive the entire principal and interest on the home loan. The insurance policy ensures full and timely payment of interest and ultimate payment of principal by the legal final distribution date of each class. It used to be that homeowners would in effect be forced to save as they paid back the principal on their mortgage loan. He demonstrated that a person hypothetically could buy a bond and end up repaying the interest and principal through tax payments. The payment of principal and interest on these instrument stems from the cash flows collected on the underlying assets in the pool. This calculation is done using standard loan payment formulas that differentiate between each period's principal and interest payments. The agreement also defines the way of announcing financial information for small clients and the total expenditure on loans, such as principal, interest rate, fees and commissions. Interest-only mortgages allow borrowers to pay interest, but no principal, throughout the life of the loan, which is usually 15 years. A general obligation bond uses tax revenue to guarantee payment of interest and principal. In cases when the state provides financing for a loan to third parties, they are required to put up security covering the principal and interest owed by them. Each payment should include an allocation of principal and interest amounts. Like the monthly payments of a mortgage, monthly car payments are divided between paying principal and interest, and the amounts dedicated to each vary from payment to payment. Synonyms capital sum, capital, capital funds, working capital, financial resources money, debt, loan 3A person for whom another acts as an agent or representative. 委托人，本人，被代理人 stockbrokers in Tokyo act as agents rather than as principals 东京的股票经纪人只是代理人而不是委托人。 Example sentencesExamples If the relationship was solely a contractual principal and agent relationship, was it governed by the terms of the 1995 agency agreement? The respondents accept that the authority of an agent may be revoked by express notice given by the principal to the agent. Corporate managers act as the agent representing the shareholders, who are the firm's principals. The difficulties with agents include conflicts of interest when the same agent acts for competing principals or is simply inert. No one at the company had asked the First Defendant for any deposit because they were aware he was only acting as agent and the deposit would be provided by his principal. It is accepted that an authorised publication by an agent attracts the same qualified privilege as would the same publication by the principal. The power to disqualify agents also extends to those who are ethically incompetent in that they cannot be relied upon to conduct their principal's representation in an honest and ethical manner. Occasionally, this amount is reduced to take into account the efforts of the principal's other agents located outside the UK, but who have an influence on the purchasing decision. Moreover, the use of disclaimers to insulate estate agents and their principals from responsibility for representations was commonplace and the normal basis on which house sales were carried out. An action for an account brought by a principal against his agent is barred by the statutes of limitation unless the agent is more than a mere agent but is a trustee of the money which he received. Today's topic was the fiduciary responsibilities of agents to their principals. Moreover, various consequences flow because in this situation it is acting as principal, rather than as agent of the issuer. Collections of prints have been disposed of through dealers, who have acted as agents rather than as principals. In his relations with his commercial agent a principal must act dutifully and in good faith. It does not affect, in our submission, the notion that the person who is the agent may well be acting as agent for an undisclosed principal. Is it not possible that the agent and the principal were both participants in the importation? It has been argued, for example, that the relationship between a central bank and government should be conceived of in terms of an agent-principal contract. The defendant was a principal, not a guarantor. Nothing in that agreement seems to me to prevent Plantiflor acting as agent for principals undisclosed at the time the agreement was made but known from the addressee's name on the packet by the time the parcel was dispatched. The agent of an undisclosed principal may also sue and be sued on the contract. 4Law The person directly responsible for a crime. 〔律〕主犯，首犯 Example sentencesExamples If a person is determined to be a principal in a crime, the jurors had wanted to know, is that person guilty of the crime? I don't want the cops to haul me and the gang back to face our principal for crimes years in the past. Here criminal responsibility arises if the aider and abettor knows that his action will assist the commission of a specific crime by the principal. I had a feeling that Caysee would help the principal commit any crime he wished so long as it kept her in her elevated position. Complicity often involves the accomplice in words or deeds prior to the principal's crime. The action is brought against the company as well as the two principals and sole shareholders, officers and directors of the company. 4.1historical Each of the combatants in a duel. 〈史〉决斗者 Example sentencesExamples Then he added that he and his principal would enjoy axes, and indeed prefer them, but such weapons were barred by the French code, and so I must change my proposal. This speech had so good an effect that my principal immediately stretched forth his hand and said, "I am myself again; give me the weapon." 5A main rafter supporting purlins. （支撑檩的）主椽 Example sentencesExamples Two 2 in. x 6 in. struts run from purlin to truss principal. The truss principal extends from below the plate to the ridge. 6An organ stop sounding a main register of open flue pipes typically an octave above the diapason. （管风琴的）主音栓 all the principals are on one manual Example sentencesExamples The plein jeu together with the 8-ft. principal and 4-ft. prestant, which are also from the old great organ, produce a principal chorus which contrasts remarkably with those in the other divisions of the organ. The distinctive pipe organ sound which cannot be duplicated by any other instrument is produced by ranks designated as the Principal. Usage On the confusion of principal and principle, see principle Phrases principal in the first degree A person who directly perpetrates a crime. 〔律〕主犯，首犯 Example sentencesExamples Thus, a person may be convicted of a crime so long as the evidence demonstrates that he acted as an accessory before the fact, as a principal in the second degree, or as a principal in the first degree in the commission of such offense. In such circumstances they may allege, in a single count, the alternative allegations that D was principal in the first degree or that he aided and abetted, counselled or procured the offence. principal in the second degree A person who directly aids the perpetration of a crime. Example sentencesExamples Those who were merely present, encouraging but not participating physically, or whose acts were not a substantial cause of death, were regarded as principals in the second degree. In felony cases a principal in the second degree could be convicted notwithstanding the prior acquittal of the first-degree principal. Derivatives principalship noun Paton resigned his principalship and decided to try to write full-time. Example sentencesExamples Marcella Walsh has created his own historic niche by taking over the principalship at St. Mary's, and I don't know of a more suitable or qualified person for the post than this unassuming but extremely talented teacher. Not wanting to lose touch with his students, Paddy remained teaching during his 31-year principalship. Less than one in 20 of teachers surveyed by a principal's group said they ever intended to apply for a principalship. This Digest examines the challenges faced by new administrators and the steps that districts can take to provide a smooth entry into the principalship. Origin Middle English: via Old French from Latin principalis 'first, original', from princeps, princip- 'first, chief'. Rhymes principle adj.1 phr. Definition of principal in US English: principal adjectiveˈprɪnsəpəlˈprinsəpəl 1First in order of importance; main. 首要的；主要的 the country's principal cities 该国的重要城市。 Example sentencesExamples In a recent VisitScotland survey, German, US and English visitors all cited Scotland's stunning scenery as their principal reason for holidaying in the country. As every resident of central Massachusetts would have understood, that road continued to Boston, the capital city and principal port of the state. In my view, the principal reason for its closure is that it is much more readily sold for building land and, being a larger site and unencumbered by green belt restrictions, was more likely to produce a tidy sum. The Harris family also built a new detached kitchen directly behind the rear piazza and converted the fireplaces in the principal rooms of the main floor to coal. Otherwise, Tozeur's main business lay in its 40,000 date palms, and the principal activity around the main square was waiting in the shade for time to pass. Campaigners have launched a £3m appeal to save Manchester's John Rylands Library - and turn it into one of the city's principal attractions. The tabloid revelations were, according to sources within Goodison Park, the principal reason why Rooney was so anxious to leave Merseyside before the transfer window closed. Philadelphia was the new country's, principal city. Disagreement among the circuits isn't uncommon, and is a principal reason that the Supreme Court will take a case for review. The principal reason behind the healthy upturn in membership has been mainly due to the club's resolve to ensure an amiable environment in which women golfers of all abilities can thrive. The principal reason that individuals, couples and ‘hard working families’ struggle to purchase a home is not Stamp Duty, but spiralling house prices. The company blamed a growing trend towards home consumption as the principal reason for falling sales, although it also acknowledged the smoking ban was having an impact on draught beer sales. For example, a capital city or principal centre can be inferred from its size, and from signs of central organization such as an archive, a mint, a palace and major religious buildings, or fortifications. Adam's most ambitious interiors at Home House were the main staircase and the principal reception rooms on the second floor. Many riders point to the adrenaline rush as the principal reason behind their fascination with the Harley; it's a feeling they describe as inexplicable. The rail work to be completed by the end of 2005 will enable travel between Turkey's two principal cities in just over three hours, cutting in half the current time of six hours or more. With the advent of jet travel, you don't need port cities as your principal contacts with the outside world: the ‘coast’ can move inland. The station is one of the city's principal transport interchanges, with rail services, numerous bus routes and York's busiest taxi ranks. Those living in the region's principal cities - Leeds, Bradford, Hull and Sheffield - will see their councils raise taxes by less than five per cent. New York city remains the principal port of entry and site of settlement for new Jewish immigrants and this includes the Iranian, the Israeli and the Russian Jews. Synonyms main, chief, primary, leading, foremost, first, most important, predominant, dominant, prominent, most prominent 2(of money) denoting an original sum invested or lent. 本金的，母金的 the principal amount of your investment 你投资的本金。 Example sentencesExamples Rio Algom issued units consisting of 25 common shares and a Debenture in the principal amount of $2,000. An investor invests in the issuer the principal amount of the structured note component. The Board gave its approval for the sale of $150,000,000 principal amount of accounts receivable. The principal amount of all other debt is negotiable under the conditions of a world crisis as disastrous as the present one. Corporate bonds usually pay annual interest on the bond and do not repay the principal amount until the bond's maturity. It refers to the premium that must be paid by the borrower to the lender along with the principal amount as a condition for the loan or an extension in its maturity. If you buy a bond and hold it until maturity, market risk is not a factor because your principal investment will be returned in full at maturity. Our goal is to begin making such awards by next year, when the required principal amount has been reached. However, the plaintiff was successful on obtaining judgment on the principal amount. Inflation will erode the value of future coupon dollars and principal repayments; the real interest rate is the return after deducting inflation. An investor who does not want to take risks with the principal amount invested should go in for fixed income investments (debt schemes). Bondholders will also receive a redemption bonus of up to 16 per cent of the principal amount at maturity, depending on the 100 firms' credit performance. They do this by offering investors a debt security that delivers interest payments and the security of principal repayment. As the defendants chose to resist payment rather than to tender payment in the manner described above, they remain liable to pay interest on the outstanding principal amount of the Promissory Note. nounˈprɪnsəpəlˈprinsəpəl 1The person with the highest authority or most important position in an organization, institution, or group. （机构、组织、团体的）首领；长官，首长；负责人 a design consultancy whose principal is based in San Francisco 负责人以旧金山为基地的设计咨询公司。 Example sentencesExamples The company has three principals, none of whom have strong accounting or financial backgrounds. It may be necessary to explain that under a franchising system, a franchised business and the principal belong to different owners. Paul Levesque, a principal at the management consulting firm MedStar Partners, identifies some key aspects of medical product development. Stephen B. Wilcox, PhD, is founder and principal of Design Science Consulting Inc. Marcus McCormack is the principal of many businesses in the Carlow area in the fields of auctioneering, insurance and financial services. "It was a praiseworthy idea, " says Peter Buckland, principal in charge for Buckland & Taylor. Through it all, the principals involved have kept more than profit margins at heart, they have kept both the community and charity within their sights. In discussing the political and policy-making roles of the Civil Service we are primarily involved with the higher civil servants, that is, those at the level of principal or above. She said: ‘Huntley gave a very, very specific reply that he would be reporting it to myself as his line manager or to the principal if anything was untoward.’ But at the end of the day he wasn't a principal in the administration. While Aurik leads A T Kearney's Benelux unit, Jonk and Willen are principals at the consultancy firm. When they returned to their headquarters in Welcome, N.C., Childress and the principals in his organization brainstormed. From 1818 to 1820 he is not listed alone but as a principal in the firm of Munroe and Whiting. Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz are senior partners and principals at LGE Performance Systems. Synonyms boss, chief, chief executive, chief executive officer, ceo, chairman, chairwoman, managing director, md, president, director, manager, employer, head, leader, ruler, controller 1.1 The head of a school, college, or other educational institution. （中学、学院等的）校长；院长 Example sentencesExamples Then the principals and four educators from each school met with the program developers to discuss details about the program and set intervention dates. College principals, head teachers and parents in Hampshire will today find out the details of the biggest shake-up to the country's education system in 60 years. The proposed study was approved by the school superintendents, the school board, school nurses, principals, and teachers. She is a distinguished educator and the principal of a women's college. Low-performing schools need better principals and teachers. The dip in applications this year will be a further blow to principals, many of whom are struggling to fill vacancies caused by teachers retiring, bowing out early and leaving the job to go into other careers. The authors wish to thank the teachers and principals who participated in this study. School principals and instructional facilitators were also interviewed in-depth to understand the impact of the program on the school as a whole. But principals are concerned at delays in a review of the staffing system proposed last year, as they want to know their allocations in time to make appointments for September. Many charter principals still teach, while principals at traditional public schools are a decade or more out of the classroom. Like teachers, principals can also use critical reflection and journaling to assess their expectations of first-year teachers and for the school community. Both the principals and the teachers need to see the value of including special needs students. In the end, principals and teachers should leave these experiences with a renewed sense of faith in the transformative power of schools in children's lives. The school principal nominates cooperating teachers, who then supervise and mentor the preservice bilingual teacher. The authors analyze the data gathered in interviews with district officials, principals, and teachers in the same five largest school districts in the state. Communities often have articulated that what they want is their people trained as teachers and educators and eventually as principals to work in their schools. Teachers and principals at this school continue to be influenced by certain socio-political factors. The college will appoint an acting principal before filling the position full time. They are grateful to the various school principals, teachers and pupils who made the programme a success. Recently, efforts also have been made to assess teachers, principals, and schools, although not systematically. Synonyms head teacher, head, headmaster, headmistress, director 1.2 The leading performer in a concert, play, ballet, or opera. （音乐会、戏剧、芭蕾舞剧、歌剧中的）主角演员 Example sentencesExamples So many principals and chorus members shone that it's impossible to mention everyone: for me the best were Sam Parry, Adriana Gentile, Daniela Laughlin and Vahan Salorian. It is astonishing to think that the same opera house recorded the same work twice in the course of six months, but with a completely different cast of principals and a different conductor. Aside from the principals, the supporting cast is extraordinary. The maturity of the voices among the principals was amazing for performers all under 18, over fifty in number. In 1971 she joined the Matsuyama Ballet Company in Tokyo as a principal, eventually becoming prima ballerina. Rehearsals are well underway at the moment with chorus and principals rehearsing in Kilmacowen Drama Centre and Ransboro school. What you see is essentially the stage production, but it's full of color and energy, and the principals all deliver creditable performances. Born in Poland, the Czech twin dancers have been principals at the Hamburg State Ballet since 1997. The chorus was well drilled and performed well under severe space restrictions - at various times there were 30-plus principals and chorus on stage. He is a beloved principal in The Royal Ballet and returns this month as a guest artist with American Ballet Theatre for its spring season. But the other principals in the cast are convincing, too: Gregory Kunde as Éneé and Renata Pokupic as Anna in particular stand out. Two principal performers in this year's Keighley Amateurs' pantomime were recruited after being seen in productions elsewhere. The arrival of the Mercy girls greatly enhanced the shows and since 1970, all the female roles, principals and chorus, have been taken by students from Mercy, Tuam. The traditional family panto, with adult principals and the children's chorus, will be presented in Sutton Village Hall, from December 1-4. At the time he was still, impatiently, waiting to be promoted to principal at the Royal Ballet, but already he was being cast in the sort of roles that would limber him up for this sort of challenge. Each episode is a marvellous dance through any number of narrative spaces, as a company of principals, supporting characters and guest artists perform each complex manoeuvre. In these three videos, by contrast to the other two in the ensemble, Manu is the principal or solo player. The only thing that carries the film is the performances by the principals. At most periods in the history of opera, composers have valued and exploited the scope of the chorus for complementing and heightening the functions of principals and orchestra. She is the last home-grown female principal at the Royal Ballet, and considers herself a guardian of the lyrical national style. Synonyms leading actor, leading actress, leading performer, leading player, leading lady, leading man, lead, star 1.3Music The leading player in each section of an orchestra. 〔乐〕（管弦乐队每一乐器组的）首席演奏者 Example sentencesExamples Nearly every section principal had at least one solo, some longer than others, with several exceptional performances. Clarence is the ultra-professional second bassoonist, always backing his principal, never complaining, even though he is twice as good a musician. There was some impressive solo playing from the woodwind principals in this performance and the orchestra produced a beautifully controlled pianissimo ending. He hired fine section principals, many of whom were hired away by bigger, better financed bands. Ravel's Boléro is an obvious encore because it gives many principals a moment in the spotlight as the theme is passed from one instrument to the next. 2A sum of money lent or invested, on which interest is paid. 母金，本金；可生息资本 the winners are paid from the interest without even touching the principal 中奖者奖金从利息中支付，无须动本金。 Example sentencesExamples As homeowners make monthly mortgage payments to reduce the principal owed on the house, they slowly increase the equity, or value, of that home. This calculation is done using standard loan payment formulas that differentiate between each period's principal and interest payments. Cash flows at highly leveraged firms tend to be committed to principal and interest payments, and lenders may see the firm as having reached its maximum debt capacity. If your lender violated state laws, regulators can force the lender to forgive the entire principal and interest on the home loan. The payment of principal and interest on these instrument stems from the cash flows collected on the underlying assets in the pool. Each payment should include an allocation of principal and interest amounts. A general obligation bond uses tax revenue to guarantee payment of interest and principal. Interest-only mortgages allow borrowers to pay interest, but no principal, throughout the life of the loan, which is usually 15 years. Extra principal paid at the beginning of a mortgage will save thousands of dollars in interest as well as knock several years off the loan. The debt-service ratio measures the share of income devoted by households for paying interest and principal on their debt. In cases when the state provides financing for a loan to third parties, they are required to put up security covering the principal and interest owed by them. Creditors set the conditions for reducing debt payments and principal, just as they set the conditions for granting new loans. Monthly payments to the lender go only towards the interest, not the principal. Each mortgage payment lowers the principal, increasing the home's equity. He demonstrated that a person hypothetically could buy a bond and end up repaying the interest and principal through tax payments. The funds are sufficient to provide for a safe clearance of principal and interest rate payments for the next three and a half to four years. It used to be that homeowners would in effect be forced to save as they paid back the principal on their mortgage loan. Like the monthly payments of a mortgage, monthly car payments are divided between paying principal and interest, and the amounts dedicated to each vary from payment to payment. The agreement also defines the way of announcing financial information for small clients and the total expenditure on loans, such as principal, interest rate, fees and commissions. The insurance policy ensures full and timely payment of interest and ultimate payment of principal by the legal final distribution date of each class. Synonyms capital sum, capital, capital funds, working capital, financial resources 3A person for whom another acts as an agent or representative. 委托人，本人，被代理人 stockbrokers in Tokyo act as agents rather than as principals 东京的股票经纪人只是代理人而不是委托人。 Example sentencesExamples No one at the company had asked the First Defendant for any deposit because they were aware he was only acting as agent and the deposit would be provided by his principal. The agent of an undisclosed principal may also sue and be sued on the contract. An action for an account brought by a principal against his agent is barred by the statutes of limitation unless the agent is more than a mere agent but is a trustee of the money which he received. It is accepted that an authorised publication by an agent attracts the same qualified privilege as would the same publication by the principal. The difficulties with agents include conflicts of interest when the same agent acts for competing principals or is simply inert. Today's topic was the fiduciary responsibilities of agents to their principals. In his relations with his commercial agent a principal must act dutifully and in good faith. The respondents accept that the authority of an agent may be revoked by express notice given by the principal to the agent. The power to disqualify agents also extends to those who are ethically incompetent in that they cannot be relied upon to conduct their principal's representation in an honest and ethical manner. Moreover, the use of disclaimers to insulate estate agents and their principals from responsibility for representations was commonplace and the normal basis on which house sales were carried out. Occasionally, this amount is reduced to take into account the efforts of the principal's other agents located outside the UK, but who have an influence on the purchasing decision. The defendant was a principal, not a guarantor. Moreover, various consequences flow because in this situation it is acting as principal, rather than as agent of the issuer. Collections of prints have been disposed of through dealers, who have acted as agents rather than as principals. If the relationship was solely a contractual principal and agent relationship, was it governed by the terms of the 1995 agency agreement? Is it not possible that the agent and the principal were both participants in the importation? Corporate managers act as the agent representing the shareholders, who are the firm's principals. Nothing in that agreement seems to me to prevent Plantiflor acting as agent for principals undisclosed at the time the agreement was made but known from the addressee's name on the packet by the time the parcel was dispatched. It does not affect, in our submission, the notion that the person who is the agent may well be acting as agent for an undisclosed principal. It has been argued, for example, that the relationship between a central bank and government should be conceived of in terms of an agent-principal contract. 4Law The person directly responsible for a crime. 〔律〕主犯，首犯 Example sentencesExamples I don't want the cops to haul me and the gang back to face our principal for crimes years in the past. If a person is determined to be a principal in a crime, the jurors had wanted to know, is that person guilty of the crime? Complicity often involves the accomplice in words or deeds prior to the principal's crime. I had a feeling that Caysee would help the principal commit any crime he wished so long as it kept her in her elevated position. The action is brought against the company as well as the two principals and sole shareholders, officers and directors of the company. Here criminal responsibility arises if the aider and abettor knows that his action will assist the commission of a specific crime by the principal. 4.1historical Each of the combatants in a duel. 〈史〉决斗者 Example sentencesExamples This speech had so good an effect that my principal immediately stretched forth his hand and said, "I am myself again; give me the weapon." Then he added that he and his principal would enjoy axes, and indeed prefer them, but such weapons were barred by the French code, and so I must change my proposal. 5A main rafter supporting purlins. （支撑檩的）主椽 Example sentencesExamples The truss principal extends from below the plate to the ridge. Two 2 in. x 6 in. struts run from purlin to truss principal. 6An organ stop sounding a main register of open flue pipes typically an octave above the diapason. （管风琴的）主音栓 Example sentencesExamples The distinctive pipe organ sound which cannot be duplicated by any other instrument is produced by ranks designated as the Principal. The plein jeu together with the 8-ft. principal and 4-ft. prestant, which are also from the old great organ, produce a principal chorus which contrasts remarkably with those in the other divisions of the organ. Usage Is it principal or principle? Principal means 'most important' or 'person in charge': my principal reason for coming tonight; the high school principal. It also means 'a capital sum': the principal would be repaid in five years. Principle means 'rule, basis for conduct': her principles kept her from stealing despite her poverty Origin Middle English: via Old French from Latin principalis ‘first, original’, from princeps, princip- ‘first, chief’.
随便看	grievances grieve grieved grieve for grieve (for/over) grieve for/over grievement grieve over griever griever grievers grieves grieving grievous grievous bodily harm grievously grievously grievousness grievousness griff griffe Griffey, Ken griffin griffinism griffins