Definition of mutualism in English:

mutualism

noun ˈmjuːtʃʊəlɪz(ə)mˈmjutʃuəˌlɪzəm

mass noun

1The doctrine that mutual dependence is necessary to social well-being.
互助论，互助主义
Example sentencesExamples
- This alternative standard resided in a skilled worker's competence and the mutualism of workplace and union and sanctioned both moderate drinking and a degree of roughness.
- Exploitation should be replaced by the mutualism of free producers helping each other and aided by free credit.
- The mutualism and fair-mindedness of the sportsman and union man went hand-in-hand.
- It is significant that immigrants invariably chose Irish Catholic friends to act as sponsors where immediate relatives were unavailable, thereby placing these fictive ties on the same level as familial mutualism.
- Clearly fraternal mutualism was effective for meeting some of the economic needs for many non-whites and poorer members of American society.
- It is a case of mutualism, says Rick Daley, the museum's executive director.
- Israeli credit cooperatives are a likely population to generate ideological mutualism for the coops.
- The closest thing he was capable of was mutualism and even that was a stretch and a rarity.
- The federal government likes to talk about reciprocal obligation and mutualism.
- Idealists believe that they represent the new face of mutualism - a modern form for the ideals of the co-operative movement - while there were those who argued for the benefits of putting local people in control of their hospitals.
- The euro does nothing to foster that mutualism.
2Biology
Symbiosis which is beneficial to both organisms involved.
〔生〕互利共栖，互利共生
Example sentencesExamples
- One of the best-known forms of mutualism involves insects that pollinate a host plant, then deposit offspring that will ultimately consume many of the seeds.
- This suggests that the relationship is one of mutualism.
- There are numerous other examples of symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism and parasitism between ray-finned fishes and other groups.
- The presence of a commensal parasite that can display mutualism within a clade of known pathogens suggests dynamic evolutionary interactions.
- The fungus and alga of the lichen enjoy the symbiotic relationship of mutualism, each giving the other something that is required.

Derivatives

mutualist

adjective & noun

Which factors favor the evolution of mutualists?
Example sentencesExamples
- Much work is needed before we can reach some safe conclusions on how, why, and when symbionts such as bacteria act as pathogens or mutualists.
- Finally, there are costs associated with the loss of evolutionary flexibility, particularly in organisms or lineages obligately dependent upon mutualists.
- That individual directors instigated or were party to the merger brings into question whether they at any stage properly understood mutualism or were genuinely committed to mutualist principles.
- Are the costs of rewarding mutualists that provide different kinds of services really as divergent as these figures seem to indicate?

mutualistic

adjective mjuːtʃʊəˈlɪstɪk

Additionally, many of the collaborations were mutualistic, and therefore the continuation of the innovation was of benefit to many.
Example sentencesExamples
- They did, however, readily cooperate in a simpler mutualistic situation in which there was no temptation to cheat.
- Virtually all the plants in temperate grassland form mutualistic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
- While there may be many mutualistic relationships between plants and animals, often plants are more the victims rather than the beneficiaries of the relationship.
- In the ocean, both coral and deep-sea vent communities are rich with mutualisms; coral itself is the product of a mutualistic symbiosis.

mutualistically

adverb mjuːtʃʊəˈlɪstɪk(ə)li

Have a great productive life plan; think outside of the box; do something great for Earth's environment; dwell bioethically and mutualistically within human diversity and in the rest of biodiversity.
Example sentencesExamples
- They acquired it very anciently by taking in a respiring bacterium as an endosymbiont (an organism living mutualistically within another organism).
- Like mycorrhizae, endophytic fungi are thought to interact mutualistically with their host plants mainly by increasing host resistance to herbivores and have been termed ‘acquired plant defenses’.
- The majority of viruses, however, live symbiotically or mutualistically with their hosts, causing no harm.
- These ‘epiparasites’ are only indirectly connected to surrounding trees, which are the ultimate source of their carbon; their proximal hosts are fungi that are mutualistically associated with the trees.

Definition of mutualism in US English:

mutualism

nounˈmyo͞oCHo͞oəˌlizəmˈmjutʃuəˌlɪzəm

1The doctrine that mutual dependence is necessary to social well-being.
互助论，互助主义
Example sentencesExamples
- Clearly fraternal mutualism was effective for meeting some of the economic needs for many non-whites and poorer members of American society.
- The federal government likes to talk about reciprocal obligation and mutualism.
- It is a case of mutualism, says Rick Daley, the museum's executive director.
- This alternative standard resided in a skilled worker's competence and the mutualism of workplace and union and sanctioned both moderate drinking and a degree of roughness.
- Exploitation should be replaced by the mutualism of free producers helping each other and aided by free credit.
- The mutualism and fair-mindedness of the sportsman and union man went hand-in-hand.
- Idealists believe that they represent the new face of mutualism - a modern form for the ideals of the co-operative movement - while there were those who argued for the benefits of putting local people in control of their hospitals.
- It is significant that immigrants invariably chose Irish Catholic friends to act as sponsors where immediate relatives were unavailable, thereby placing these fictive ties on the same level as familial mutualism.
- Israeli credit cooperatives are a likely population to generate ideological mutualism for the coops.
- The euro does nothing to foster that mutualism.
- The closest thing he was capable of was mutualism and even that was a stretch and a rarity.
1. 1.1Biology Symbiosis that is beneficial to both organisms involved.
  〔生〕互利共栖，互利共生
  Example sentencesExamples
  One of the best-known forms of mutualism involves insects that pollinate a host plant, then deposit offspring that will ultimately consume many of the seeds.
  The fungus and alga of the lichen enjoy the symbiotic relationship of mutualism, each giving the other something that is required.
  This suggests that the relationship is one of mutualism.
  The presence of a commensal parasite that can display mutualism within a clade of known pathogens suggests dynamic evolutionary interactions.
  There are numerous other examples of symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism and parasitism between ray-finned fishes and other groups.

单词	mutualism
释义	Definition of mutualism in English: mutualism noun ˈmjuːtʃʊəlɪz(ə)mˈmjutʃuəˌlɪzəm mass noun 1The doctrine that mutual dependence is necessary to social well-being. 互助论，互助主义 Example sentencesExamples This alternative standard resided in a skilled worker's competence and the mutualism of workplace and union and sanctioned both moderate drinking and a degree of roughness. Exploitation should be replaced by the mutualism of free producers helping each other and aided by free credit. The mutualism and fair-mindedness of the sportsman and union man went hand-in-hand. It is significant that immigrants invariably chose Irish Catholic friends to act as sponsors where immediate relatives were unavailable, thereby placing these fictive ties on the same level as familial mutualism. Clearly fraternal mutualism was effective for meeting some of the economic needs for many non-whites and poorer members of American society. It is a case of mutualism, says Rick Daley, the museum's executive director. Israeli credit cooperatives are a likely population to generate ideological mutualism for the coops. The closest thing he was capable of was mutualism and even that was a stretch and a rarity. The federal government likes to talk about reciprocal obligation and mutualism. Idealists believe that they represent the new face of mutualism - a modern form for the ideals of the co-operative movement - while there were those who argued for the benefits of putting local people in control of their hospitals. The euro does nothing to foster that mutualism. 2Biology Symbiosis which is beneficial to both organisms involved. 〔生〕互利共栖，互利共生 Example sentencesExamples One of the best-known forms of mutualism involves insects that pollinate a host plant, then deposit offspring that will ultimately consume many of the seeds. This suggests that the relationship is one of mutualism. There are numerous other examples of symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism and parasitism between ray-finned fishes and other groups. The presence of a commensal parasite that can display mutualism within a clade of known pathogens suggests dynamic evolutionary interactions. The fungus and alga of the lichen enjoy the symbiotic relationship of mutualism, each giving the other something that is required. Derivatives mutualist adjective & noun Which factors favor the evolution of mutualists? Example sentencesExamples Much work is needed before we can reach some safe conclusions on how, why, and when symbionts such as bacteria act as pathogens or mutualists. Finally, there are costs associated with the loss of evolutionary flexibility, particularly in organisms or lineages obligately dependent upon mutualists. That individual directors instigated or were party to the merger brings into question whether they at any stage properly understood mutualism or were genuinely committed to mutualist principles. Are the costs of rewarding mutualists that provide different kinds of services really as divergent as these figures seem to indicate? mutualistic adjective mjuːtʃʊəˈlɪstɪk Additionally, many of the collaborations were mutualistic, and therefore the continuation of the innovation was of benefit to many. Example sentencesExamples They did, however, readily cooperate in a simpler mutualistic situation in which there was no temptation to cheat. Virtually all the plants in temperate grassland form mutualistic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. While there may be many mutualistic relationships between plants and animals, often plants are more the victims rather than the beneficiaries of the relationship. In the ocean, both coral and deep-sea vent communities are rich with mutualisms; coral itself is the product of a mutualistic symbiosis. mutualistically adverb mjuːtʃʊəˈlɪstɪk(ə)li Have a great productive life plan; think outside of the box; do something great for Earth's environment; dwell bioethically and mutualistically within human diversity and in the rest of biodiversity. Example sentencesExamples They acquired it very anciently by taking in a respiring bacterium as an endosymbiont (an organism living mutualistically within another organism). Like mycorrhizae, endophytic fungi are thought to interact mutualistically with their host plants mainly by increasing host resistance to herbivores and have been termed ‘acquired plant defenses’. The majority of viruses, however, live symbiotically or mutualistically with their hosts, causing no harm. These ‘epiparasites’ are only indirectly connected to surrounding trees, which are the ultimate source of their carbon; their proximal hosts are fungi that are mutualistically associated with the trees. Definition of mutualism in US English: mutualism nounˈmyo͞oCHo͞oəˌlizəmˈmjutʃuəˌlɪzəm 1The doctrine that mutual dependence is necessary to social well-being. 互助论，互助主义 Example sentencesExamples Clearly fraternal mutualism was effective for meeting some of the economic needs for many non-whites and poorer members of American society. The federal government likes to talk about reciprocal obligation and mutualism. It is a case of mutualism, says Rick Daley, the museum's executive director. This alternative standard resided in a skilled worker's competence and the mutualism of workplace and union and sanctioned both moderate drinking and a degree of roughness. Exploitation should be replaced by the mutualism of free producers helping each other and aided by free credit. The mutualism and fair-mindedness of the sportsman and union man went hand-in-hand. Idealists believe that they represent the new face of mutualism - a modern form for the ideals of the co-operative movement - while there were those who argued for the benefits of putting local people in control of their hospitals. It is significant that immigrants invariably chose Irish Catholic friends to act as sponsors where immediate relatives were unavailable, thereby placing these fictive ties on the same level as familial mutualism. Israeli credit cooperatives are a likely population to generate ideological mutualism for the coops. The euro does nothing to foster that mutualism. The closest thing he was capable of was mutualism and even that was a stretch and a rarity. 1.1Biology Symbiosis that is beneficial to both organisms involved. 〔生〕互利共栖，互利共生 Example sentencesExamples One of the best-known forms of mutualism involves insects that pollinate a host plant, then deposit offspring that will ultimately consume many of the seeds. The fungus and alga of the lichen enjoy the symbiotic relationship of mutualism, each giving the other something that is required. This suggests that the relationship is one of mutualism. The presence of a commensal parasite that can display mutualism within a clade of known pathogens suggests dynamic evolutionary interactions. There are numerous other examples of symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism and parasitism between ray-finned fishes and other groups.
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