Definition of complex in English:

complex

adjective ˈkɒmplɛksˈkɑmplɛks

1Consisting of many different and connected parts.
由许多部分组成的，组合的；合成的；复合的
a complex network of water channels
综合水道网。
Example sentencesExamples
- The impression one has when looking at maps of large-scale structure is that of a vast cosmic web, a complex network of intersecting chains and sheets.
- The hips, on the other hand, are a very large and complex joint with many different muscles and attachments.
- It was fascinating how Mr Fox so quickly constructed that complex network of tunnels.
- For me, there is a complex network of paths through the house, all centering on the study where my current project is available for instant scrutiny.
- The condition is caused by damage to the complex network of nerves in the neck and shoulder when her arm became stuck behind her mother's pelvic bone during birth.
- Because of this, the structure of these converters are quite complex although easy to understand.
- Three geostationary satellites and a complex network of ground stations will carry out the task.
- Inside, a skylit atrium runs the full length of the building, connecting its richly complex spaces.
- The vehicle has four wheels all connected by complex machinery that simple minds like ours can't begin to describe.
- It claims that the financial proceeds of organised crime are used, via a complex network of intermediaries, to buy the company's cigarettes.
- Twins can be joined by the head, chest and pelvis, sometimes sharing organs and a complex network of blood vessels.
- The complex wiring of old networks are gradually being replaced by a cleaner wireless environment.
- There is a complex network of channels and what look like highways that have been laid out in a massive organized fashion.
- To reduce the harmful effects of exposure to DNA-damaging agents, the human genome has evolved a complex network of genome stability pathways.
- Organisms such as fungi have evolved complex networks in which there are centralised and decentralised pathways to move nutrients around.
- Keeping these elements in articulation as they move in different planes requires a complex joint.
- As the vocal folds consist of a complex web of different muscle fibres, the tension and density of vocal folds can vary considerably.
- The plant's shoots receive nourishment from a complex network of connections to the roots.
- In Streedagh's sandhills, there lies a vast and complex network of rabbit burrows.
- Accounting for new irreducibly complex structures by the foregoing mechanisms is a completely different proposition.
Synonyms
compound, composite, compounded, multiplex
1. 1.1 Not easy to analyse or understand; complicated or intricate.
  难以分析的；费解的；错综复杂的
  a complex personality
  复杂的性格。
  the situation is more complex than it appears
  情况比看起来要更为复杂。
  Example sentencesExamples
  This chapter is written in a clear, understandable style, making it easier to understand the complex legal issues discussed.
  His files are protected by a very complex system of coding and firewalls.
  Traffic flow is an extremely complex phenomenon and its complete understanding is quite difficult.
  Aging is an intricate, complex process that involves many areas of your body.
  The British press and wire services carried a far different and more complex story.
  The complex work involved intricate scheduling with cleanup crews and keeping myriad utilities happy.
  Features of financial products are becoming far too complex for the common man.
  In other words, the problems are much more complex than Mr. Baker understands or cares to discuss.
  Reaching political consensus on such complex issues is never easy, given the diversity of interests that must be addressed.
  However, the whole matter of indirect tax liability is devilishly complex and difficult to understand.
  They need time to formulate complex thoughts in an easy language.
  However, the wider international situation is increasingly complex.
  Miller's writing is excellent, and he makes some rather complex biochemistry easy to understand.
  He was all about clarity, making sure people could understand complex stories.
  Most studies also do not take into account the complex interplay between different variables in predicting lung volumes.
  Given these highly complex interactions, research in this area frequently yields contradictory conclusions.
  In our highly divided and partisan political system, people tend to lack the ability to understand a complex reality.
  Web services are fine, until you start to deal with complex data structures across different platforms.
  It is an enormously complex and difficult problem that defies easy solution.
  As I have noted a number of times, this is a highly complex issue.
  Synonyms
  complicated, involved, intricate, convoluted, tangled, elaborate, serpentine, labyrinthine, tortuous, impenetrable, Byzantine, Daedalian, Gordian
  difficult, hard, knotty, tricky, thorny, problematical
  informal fiddly
  rare involute, involuted
2Mathematics
Denoting or involving numbers or quantities containing both a real and an imaginary part.
〔数〕复数的；复的
Example sentencesExamples
- In addition to his work on geometry, Bolyai developed a rigorous geometric concept of complex numbers as ordered pairs of real numbers.
- Bombelli was the first person to write down the rules for addition, subtraction and multiplication of complex numbers.
- He also classified real and complex numbers into classes which are algebraically independent.
- The same notions can be extended to polynomial equations involving complex numbers.
- Mathematicians find uses for complex numbers in solving equations.
3Chemistry
Denoting an ion or molecule in which one or more groups are linked to a metal atom by coordinate bonds.
〔化〕配合的；络合的
in naming complex ions, the names of the ligands are cited first
Example sentencesExamples
- This process occurs when oxygen atoms bond to an iron atom at the center of a complex protein molecule known as oxyhemoglobin.
- Often the atoms comprising a complex molecule can be arranged in several ways and still satisfy the octet rule for each atom.
- There are, as you would expect from the simplicity of the alcohol molecule, no complex hydrocarbons emitted.
- Biological processes, in turn, depend on the chemistry of complex molecules.
- Carbohydrates can form more complex molecules when linked with other molecules.

noun ˈkɒmplɛksˈkɑmplɛks

1A group or system of different things that are linked in a close or complicated way; a network.
综合体，复合体；网状系统
a complex of mountain roads
纵横交错的山路。
Example sentencesExamples
- The problem is not how to choose between two possibilities, but how to relate and weigh a complex of motives.
- The ‘self’ is a complex of memories, thoughts, beliefs, desires etc. all of which can be doubted.
- Rather than being a single disease, it is in fact a complex of related diseases which include forms known as yellow mosaic and veinbanding.
- The wheel itself was split into many different complexes.
- It is part of a complex of closely related gull species that interbreed readily.
- ‘Network’ includes a complex of interconnected computer or communication systems of any type.
- The result is that we see her not in a single emotion, but a complex of emotions.
- Structural studies revealed that cullin serves as a bridge to bring together different components of the complex.
- Eventually, of course, they run into other such complexes expanding from different kernels.
- It has been argued recently that the mind is a complex of conflicting and complementary memetic patterns seeking to reproduce.
- I find that a day that starts with a smile often carries on that way and my day did just that in spite of solemn moments and an occasional sadness mixed together in a complex of emotions.
- The complex of field systems and large stone walls extend from the north western slopes of Mount Brandon to within the boundaries of Dingle.
Synonyms
network, system, interconnected system/structure/scheme, nexus, web, tissue
combination, composite, synthesis, fusion, aggregation
1. 1.1 A group of similar buildings or facilities on the same site.
  建筑群；服务设施集中区
  a leisure complex
  休闲中心。
  a complex of hotels
  旅馆群。
  Example sentencesExamples
  The company has expertise in building apartment buildings, shopping malls and office complexes.
  Plans for building museums in the complex have also been made.
  An increasing number of workers on low incomes are moving out as reasonably priced housing is replaced by expensive apartment complexes and luxury residential developments.
  He has watched as new building complexes have risen over sites he knows contain more lost tombstones.
  Developments vary from apartment blocks and hotels to modern luxury complexes with swimming pools, solariums, restaurants and a host of other facilities.
  At a council planning meeting on Tuesday it was agreed to extend the uses of the building to include a business complex with conference facilities on the south of the site.
  Placing large parking lots around buildings means office complexes usually sit in the middle of an island of heat which requires more air conditioning.
  Mr Young said despite rumours he has no plans to build an apartment complex on the site.
  He also expressed concern over other violations by real estate developers, who took small lakes and swampy areas in the northern part of the city as development sites for housing complexes.
  The rehearsal room was a dilapidated building in a hospital complex.
  Dentists' offices, doctors' offices and markets were all built into the apartment complexes to make life more efficient.
  Fires at the base of the complex of seven office buildings sent heavy smoke throughout.
  These especially go well in complexes and office buildings that have an architectural importance.
  Usually, such mock drills are only conducted in high-rise buildings and in shopping complexes, but they are essential also in slum areas.
  Through its connecting walkways, a person could potentially live inside the buildings forever, navigating the maze between apartment complexes, office towers and malls.
  No one in their right mind would live here among the burned-out office buildings and development complexes.
  They are normally installed with automatic closing devices in multiple residence buildings such as apartment complexes.
  Massive corporate campuses, large and numerous residential complexes and modern retail facilities have come up along this belt.
  About 70 families were left homeless by the fire, which destroyed three buildings in the apartment complex.
  We had the devil of a time running the cable through the conduits which were built into the apartment complex I live in.
  Synonyms
  building, structure, development
2Psychoanalysis
A related group of repressed or partly repressed emotionally significant ideas which cause psychic conflict leading to abnormal mental states or behaviour.
〔心理分析〕情结，情意综；变态心理
Example sentencesExamples
- Like Jack, David had a complex and conflicted history of diagnoses, treatments and medication.
- For about six to eight hours you seem to have no physical experience of the chronic muscular tensions that Reich says are symptomatic of unhealthy mental or emotional complexes.
- I don't know if anyone has done any major writing comparing Jung's ideas of complexes and archetypes to electrical networks, but it would be a great thing to look into.
- The dark abyss of the mind and its complexes and obsessions must be conquered.
- Jung, Freud and comrades helped to systematise intuitive skill while deciphering some psychic complexes of their own Europe in turmoil.
1. 2.1informal A strong or disproportionate concern or anxiety about something.
  〈非正式〉强烈（或过度）的关心（或忧虑）
  there's no point having a complex about losing your hair
  你过分担心掉头发是毫无道理的。
  Example sentencesExamples
  He brought all his phobias and complexes to his film-making and whatever ingrained attitudes he had about women were also hauled along.
  I've been lucky that the men I've fallen in love with have fallen in love with me, so I've never had that complex about the way I look.
  But for the first time, many Americans were sophisticated enough to have developed a cultural inferiority complex.
  Every minor flaw gets magnified and many even develop a complex about it.
  Perhaps I should get a complex about the Jonah joke.
  I had such a complex about it that I never noticed that I was actually quite fair compared to everyone in the class.
  He was also a bookworm who had a complex about his family's poverty and a fan of kung fu and violent movies.
  The threatening letters, believed to be fake by many, only accentuated the fear complex.
  Since then, the girl had believed she was not photogenic and gradually developed an inferiority complex.
  Synonyms
  obsession, phobia, fixation, preoccupation
  neurosis
  French idée fixe
  informal hang-up, thing, bee in one's bonnet
3Chemistry
An ion or molecule in which one or more groups are linked to a metal atom by coordinate bonds.
〔化〕配合的；络合的
two guanine bases can attach themselves to the same platinum atom, forming a stable complex
Example sentencesExamples
- If two molecules or complexes have the same molecular formula they are candidates for stereochemical analysis.
- It is known that metal cations form complexes with anionic phosphodiester groups and carbonyl oxygens in the glycerol backbone of phosphocholine lipids.
- Dyson and Welton used water and ionic liquid soluble organometallic clusters and complexes to catalyse hydrogenation of the aromatics.
- It correctly accounts for the structures of most covalent compounds of elements other than transition metal complexes.
- Metal complexes are generally prepared by reacting a salt with another molecule or ion.
1. 3.1 Any loosely bonded species formed by the association of two molecules.
  复合物；合成物；聚合体
  cross-linked protein–DNA complexes
  交联蛋白质-脱氧核糖核酸组合物。
  Example sentencesExamples
  It is not, however, clear whether association of ternary complexes is necessary to confer photoactivity, for instance by a stabilization effect.
  The chromo-domain and the related chromo-shadow domain mediate the formation of protein complexes and their association with chromatin.
  Recently two checkpoint sensor protein complexes have been shown to bind damaged DNA.
  This might occur in newly synthesized proteins to aid in folding or in mature proteins to control their activity or association with other protein complexes.
  This clearly suggests that the newly formed species may correspond to complexes of PEI with heparin.

verb ˈkɒmplɛksˈkɑmplɛks

[with object]Chemistry

Make (an atom or compound) form a complex with another.
〔化〕使（原子，化合物）配合；使络合
the DNA was complexed with the nuclear extract
使脱氧核糖核酸与细胞核提取物络合。
Example sentencesExamples
- However, as mammalian cells will not readily take up naked nucleic acids, the RNAs have to be complexed with agents such as cationic lipids to allow them to enter the cells.
- They may reduce mineral metal ions through direct contact or by reducing complexed ions.
- Several membrane protein structures have been solved in which the protein is complexed with a specific lipid.
- Iron is mostly complexed with the organic ligands or colloids that are very abundant in natural seawater.
- Chloride is complexed with the silver chromate and fixed in a circular pattern around the entry point.

Derivatives

complexation

nounkɒmplɛkˈseɪʃənˌkɑmplɛkˈseɪʃən

mass noun

Chemistry

The process of making an atom or compound form a complex with another.
〔化〕使（原子，化合物）配合；使络合
The resulting NTA surface is activated by complexation of Cu 2 + ions rendering it capable of reversible immobilization of His-tagged proteins.
Example sentencesExamples
- These results can be understood on the basis of preferential complexation of PicoGreen with base paired structures assumed by DNA following both intramolecular and intermolecular aggregation.
- In our analysis of complexation of lipids via water bridging, we do not distinguish between the two types of hydrogen-bonded interactions between cholesterol and water, placing them both in the general binding mode category, WB.

complexly

adverb

In contradiction to the usual concept of poetry as dense and academic, complexly layered with meaning and allusion, McGarragle is hoping to hook audiences with ‘in-between’ poetry.
Example sentencesExamples
- But in addition to these overt bodily manifestations, fear is also complexly wired into our social networks.
- Clearly, in order to preserve the more fragile and complexly articulated examples, only five masks were wired to move, and their gestures were simple.
- Modern fathers are complex - and they have to be complexly, not crudely, managed to get the best out of them.
- As it is, the somewhat uniform and monolithic representation of ‘the West’ mars the attempt to produce a nuanced and subtle reading of cultural hybridity as the inevitable product of a complexly interwoven global milieu.

Origin

Mid 17th century (in the sense 'group of related elements'): from Latin complexus, past participle (used as a noun) of complectere 'embrace, comprise', later associated with complexus 'plaited'; the adjective is partly via French complexe.

Definition of complex in US English:

complex

adjectiveˈkɑmplɛks

1Consisting of many different and connected parts.
由许多部分组成的，组合的；合成的；复合的
a complex network of water channels
综合水道网。
Example sentencesExamples
- The hips, on the other hand, are a very large and complex joint with many different muscles and attachments.
- Accounting for new irreducibly complex structures by the foregoing mechanisms is a completely different proposition.
- Three geostationary satellites and a complex network of ground stations will carry out the task.
- The vehicle has four wheels all connected by complex machinery that simple minds like ours can't begin to describe.
- The complex wiring of old networks are gradually being replaced by a cleaner wireless environment.
- Organisms such as fungi have evolved complex networks in which there are centralised and decentralised pathways to move nutrients around.
- It was fascinating how Mr Fox so quickly constructed that complex network of tunnels.
- For me, there is a complex network of paths through the house, all centering on the study where my current project is available for instant scrutiny.
- Because of this, the structure of these converters are quite complex although easy to understand.
- Inside, a skylit atrium runs the full length of the building, connecting its richly complex spaces.
- The condition is caused by damage to the complex network of nerves in the neck and shoulder when her arm became stuck behind her mother's pelvic bone during birth.
- It claims that the financial proceeds of organised crime are used, via a complex network of intermediaries, to buy the company's cigarettes.
- The plant's shoots receive nourishment from a complex network of connections to the roots.
- The impression one has when looking at maps of large-scale structure is that of a vast cosmic web, a complex network of intersecting chains and sheets.
- To reduce the harmful effects of exposure to DNA-damaging agents, the human genome has evolved a complex network of genome stability pathways.
- As the vocal folds consist of a complex web of different muscle fibres, the tension and density of vocal folds can vary considerably.
- Keeping these elements in articulation as they move in different planes requires a complex joint.
- There is a complex network of channels and what look like highways that have been laid out in a massive organized fashion.
- In Streedagh's sandhills, there lies a vast and complex network of rabbit burrows.
- Twins can be joined by the head, chest and pelvis, sometimes sharing organs and a complex network of blood vessels.
Synonyms
compound, composite, compounded, multiplex
1. 1.1 Not easy to analyze or understand; complicated or intricate.
  难以分析的；费解的；错综复杂的
  a complex personality
  复杂的性格。
  the situation is more complex than it appears
  情况比看起来要更为复杂。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Miller's writing is excellent, and he makes some rather complex biochemistry easy to understand.
  Web services are fine, until you start to deal with complex data structures across different platforms.
  In other words, the problems are much more complex than Mr. Baker understands or cares to discuss.
  Traffic flow is an extremely complex phenomenon and its complete understanding is quite difficult.
  He was all about clarity, making sure people could understand complex stories.
  It is an enormously complex and difficult problem that defies easy solution.
  This chapter is written in a clear, understandable style, making it easier to understand the complex legal issues discussed.
  In our highly divided and partisan political system, people tend to lack the ability to understand a complex reality.
  Aging is an intricate, complex process that involves many areas of your body.
  However, the wider international situation is increasingly complex.
  The British press and wire services carried a far different and more complex story.
  The complex work involved intricate scheduling with cleanup crews and keeping myriad utilities happy.
  As I have noted a number of times, this is a highly complex issue.
  Reaching political consensus on such complex issues is never easy, given the diversity of interests that must be addressed.
  However, the whole matter of indirect tax liability is devilishly complex and difficult to understand.
  His files are protected by a very complex system of coding and firewalls.
  Features of financial products are becoming far too complex for the common man.
  Given these highly complex interactions, research in this area frequently yields contradictory conclusions.
  They need time to formulate complex thoughts in an easy language.
  Most studies also do not take into account the complex interplay between different variables in predicting lung volumes.
  Synonyms
  complicated, involved, intricate, convoluted, tangled, elaborate, serpentine, labyrinthine, tortuous, impenetrable, byzantine, daedalian, gordian
2Mathematics
Denoting or involving numbers or quantities containing both a real and an imaginary part.
〔数〕复数的；复的
Example sentencesExamples
- He also classified real and complex numbers into classes which are algebraically independent.
- In addition to his work on geometry, Bolyai developed a rigorous geometric concept of complex numbers as ordered pairs of real numbers.
- The same notions can be extended to polynomial equations involving complex numbers.
- Mathematicians find uses for complex numbers in solving equations.
- Bombelli was the first person to write down the rules for addition, subtraction and multiplication of complex numbers.
3Chemistry
Denoting an ion or molecule in which one or more groups are linked to a metal atom by coordinate bonds.
〔化〕配合的；络合的
Example sentencesExamples
- There are, as you would expect from the simplicity of the alcohol molecule, no complex hydrocarbons emitted.
- Biological processes, in turn, depend on the chemistry of complex molecules.
- Carbohydrates can form more complex molecules when linked with other molecules.
- This process occurs when oxygen atoms bond to an iron atom at the center of a complex protein molecule known as oxyhemoglobin.
- Often the atoms comprising a complex molecule can be arranged in several ways and still satisfy the octet rule for each atom.

nounˈkɑmplɛks

1A group of similar buildings or facilities on the same site.
建筑群；服务设施集中区
a new apartment complex
a complex of hotels
旅馆群。
Example sentencesExamples
- They are normally installed with automatic closing devices in multiple residence buildings such as apartment complexes.
- He has watched as new building complexes have risen over sites he knows contain more lost tombstones.
- These especially go well in complexes and office buildings that have an architectural importance.
- About 70 families were left homeless by the fire, which destroyed three buildings in the apartment complex.
- Plans for building museums in the complex have also been made.
- We had the devil of a time running the cable through the conduits which were built into the apartment complex I live in.
- He also expressed concern over other violations by real estate developers, who took small lakes and swampy areas in the northern part of the city as development sites for housing complexes.
- Dentists' offices, doctors' offices and markets were all built into the apartment complexes to make life more efficient.
- An increasing number of workers on low incomes are moving out as reasonably priced housing is replaced by expensive apartment complexes and luxury residential developments.
- Mr Young said despite rumours he has no plans to build an apartment complex on the site.
- No one in their right mind would live here among the burned-out office buildings and development complexes.
- Fires at the base of the complex of seven office buildings sent heavy smoke throughout.
- The company has expertise in building apartment buildings, shopping malls and office complexes.
- Through its connecting walkways, a person could potentially live inside the buildings forever, navigating the maze between apartment complexes, office towers and malls.
- The rehearsal room was a dilapidated building in a hospital complex.
- At a council planning meeting on Tuesday it was agreed to extend the uses of the building to include a business complex with conference facilities on the south of the site.
- Placing large parking lots around buildings means office complexes usually sit in the middle of an island of heat which requires more air conditioning.
- Usually, such mock drills are only conducted in high-rise buildings and in shopping complexes, but they are essential also in slum areas.
- Developments vary from apartment blocks and hotels to modern luxury complexes with swimming pools, solariums, restaurants and a host of other facilities.
- Massive corporate campuses, large and numerous residential complexes and modern retail facilities have come up along this belt.
Synonyms
building, structure, development
1. 1.1 A group or system of different things that are linked in a close or complicated way; a network.
  综合体，复合体；网状系统
  a complex of mountain roads
  纵横交错的山路。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Structural studies revealed that cullin serves as a bridge to bring together different components of the complex.
  I find that a day that starts with a smile often carries on that way and my day did just that in spite of solemn moments and an occasional sadness mixed together in a complex of emotions.
  It has been argued recently that the mind is a complex of conflicting and complementary memetic patterns seeking to reproduce.
  The ‘self’ is a complex of memories, thoughts, beliefs, desires etc. all of which can be doubted.
  It is part of a complex of closely related gull species that interbreed readily.
  The problem is not how to choose between two possibilities, but how to relate and weigh a complex of motives.
  Eventually, of course, they run into other such complexes expanding from different kernels.
  The wheel itself was split into many different complexes.
  The complex of field systems and large stone walls extend from the north western slopes of Mount Brandon to within the boundaries of Dingle.
  Rather than being a single disease, it is in fact a complex of related diseases which include forms known as yellow mosaic and veinbanding.
  The result is that we see her not in a single emotion, but a complex of emotions.
  ‘Network’ includes a complex of interconnected computer or communication systems of any type.
  Synonyms
  network, system, interconnected scheme, interconnected structure, interconnected system, nexus, web, tissue
2Psychoanalysis
A related group of emotionally significant ideas that are completely or partly repressed and that cause psychic conflict leading to abnormal mental states or behavior.
〔心理分析〕情结，情意综；变态心理
Example sentencesExamples
- For about six to eight hours you seem to have no physical experience of the chronic muscular tensions that Reich says are symptomatic of unhealthy mental or emotional complexes.
- Jung, Freud and comrades helped to systematise intuitive skill while deciphering some psychic complexes of their own Europe in turmoil.
- Like Jack, David had a complex and conflicted history of diagnoses, treatments and medication.
- The dark abyss of the mind and its complexes and obsessions must be conquered.
- I don't know if anyone has done any major writing comparing Jung's ideas of complexes and archetypes to electrical networks, but it would be a great thing to look into.
1. 2.1informal A disproportionate concern or anxiety about something.
  〈非正式〉强烈（或过度）的关心（或忧虑）
  there's no point having a complex about losing your hair
  你过分担心掉头发是毫无道理的。
  Example sentencesExamples
  I've been lucky that the men I've fallen in love with have fallen in love with me, so I've never had that complex about the way I look.
  Since then, the girl had believed she was not photogenic and gradually developed an inferiority complex.
  Every minor flaw gets magnified and many even develop a complex about it.
  He brought all his phobias and complexes to his film-making and whatever ingrained attitudes he had about women were also hauled along.
  He was also a bookworm who had a complex about his family's poverty and a fan of kung fu and violent movies.
  The threatening letters, believed to be fake by many, only accentuated the fear complex.
  Perhaps I should get a complex about the Jonah joke.
  But for the first time, many Americans were sophisticated enough to have developed a cultural inferiority complex.
  I had such a complex about it that I never noticed that I was actually quite fair compared to everyone in the class.
  Synonyms
  obsession, phobia, fixation, preoccupation
3Chemistry
An ion or molecule in which one or more groups are linked to a metal atom by coordinate bonds.
〔化〕配合的；络合的
Example sentencesExamples
- It correctly accounts for the structures of most covalent compounds of elements other than transition metal complexes.
- If two molecules or complexes have the same molecular formula they are candidates for stereochemical analysis.
- It is known that metal cations form complexes with anionic phosphodiester groups and carbonyl oxygens in the glycerol backbone of phosphocholine lipids.
- Metal complexes are generally prepared by reacting a salt with another molecule or ion.
- Dyson and Welton used water and ionic liquid soluble organometallic clusters and complexes to catalyse hydrogenation of the aromatics.
1. 3.1 Any loosely bonded species formed by the association of two molecules.
  复合物；合成物；聚合体
  cross-linked protein-DNA complexes
  交联蛋白质-脱氧核糖核酸组合物。
  Example sentencesExamples
  The chromo-domain and the related chromo-shadow domain mediate the formation of protein complexes and their association with chromatin.
  This clearly suggests that the newly formed species may correspond to complexes of PEI with heparin.
  This might occur in newly synthesized proteins to aid in folding or in mature proteins to control their activity or association with other protein complexes.
  Recently two checkpoint sensor protein complexes have been shown to bind damaged DNA.
  It is not, however, clear whether association of ternary complexes is necessary to confer photoactivity, for instance by a stabilization effect.

verbˈkɑmplɛks

[with object]usually be complexedChemistry

Make (an atom or compound) form a complex with another.
〔化〕使（原子，化合物）配合；使络合
the DNA was complexed with the nuclear extract
使脱氧核糖核酸与细胞核提取物络合。
the complexed metal ion
络合金属离子。
Example sentencesExamples
- Chloride is complexed with the silver chromate and fixed in a circular pattern around the entry point.
- Iron is mostly complexed with the organic ligands or colloids that are very abundant in natural seawater.
- However, as mammalian cells will not readily take up naked nucleic acids, the RNAs have to be complexed with agents such as cationic lipids to allow them to enter the cells.
- They may reduce mineral metal ions through direct contact or by reducing complexed ions.
- Several membrane protein structures have been solved in which the protein is complexed with a specific lipid.

Origin

Mid 17th century (in the sense ‘group of related elements’): from Latin complexus, past participle (used as a noun) of complectere ‘embrace, comprise’, later associated with complexus ‘plaited’; the adjective is partly via French complexe.

单词	complex
释义	Definition of complex in English: complex adjective ˈkɒmplɛksˈkɑmplɛks 1Consisting of many different and connected parts. 由许多部分组成的，组合的；合成的；复合的 a complex network of water channels 综合水道网。 Example sentencesExamples The impression one has when looking at maps of large-scale structure is that of a vast cosmic web, a complex network of intersecting chains and sheets. The hips, on the other hand, are a very large and complex joint with many different muscles and attachments. It was fascinating how Mr Fox so quickly constructed that complex network of tunnels. For me, there is a complex network of paths through the house, all centering on the study where my current project is available for instant scrutiny. The condition is caused by damage to the complex network of nerves in the neck and shoulder when her arm became stuck behind her mother's pelvic bone during birth. Because of this, the structure of these converters are quite complex although easy to understand. Three geostationary satellites and a complex network of ground stations will carry out the task. Inside, a skylit atrium runs the full length of the building, connecting its richly complex spaces. The vehicle has four wheels all connected by complex machinery that simple minds like ours can't begin to describe. It claims that the financial proceeds of organised crime are used, via a complex network of intermediaries, to buy the company's cigarettes. Twins can be joined by the head, chest and pelvis, sometimes sharing organs and a complex network of blood vessels. The complex wiring of old networks are gradually being replaced by a cleaner wireless environment. There is a complex network of channels and what look like highways that have been laid out in a massive organized fashion. To reduce the harmful effects of exposure to DNA-damaging agents, the human genome has evolved a complex network of genome stability pathways. Organisms such as fungi have evolved complex networks in which there are centralised and decentralised pathways to move nutrients around. Keeping these elements in articulation as they move in different planes requires a complex joint. As the vocal folds consist of a complex web of different muscle fibres, the tension and density of vocal folds can vary considerably. The plant's shoots receive nourishment from a complex network of connections to the roots. In Streedagh's sandhills, there lies a vast and complex network of rabbit burrows. Accounting for new irreducibly complex structures by the foregoing mechanisms is a completely different proposition. Synonyms compound, composite, compounded, multiplex 1.1 Not easy to analyse or understand; complicated or intricate. 难以分析的；费解的；错综复杂的 a complex personality 复杂的性格。 the situation is more complex than it appears 情况比看起来要更为复杂。 Example sentencesExamples This chapter is written in a clear, understandable style, making it easier to understand the complex legal issues discussed. His files are protected by a very complex system of coding and firewalls. Traffic flow is an extremely complex phenomenon and its complete understanding is quite difficult. Aging is an intricate, complex process that involves many areas of your body. The British press and wire services carried a far different and more complex story. The complex work involved intricate scheduling with cleanup crews and keeping myriad utilities happy. Features of financial products are becoming far too complex for the common man. In other words, the problems are much more complex than Mr. Baker understands or cares to discuss. Reaching political consensus on such complex issues is never easy, given the diversity of interests that must be addressed. However, the whole matter of indirect tax liability is devilishly complex and difficult to understand. They need time to formulate complex thoughts in an easy language. However, the wider international situation is increasingly complex. Miller's writing is excellent, and he makes some rather complex biochemistry easy to understand. He was all about clarity, making sure people could understand complex stories. Most studies also do not take into account the complex interplay between different variables in predicting lung volumes. Given these highly complex interactions, research in this area frequently yields contradictory conclusions. In our highly divided and partisan political system, people tend to lack the ability to understand a complex reality. Web services are fine, until you start to deal with complex data structures across different platforms. It is an enormously complex and difficult problem that defies easy solution. As I have noted a number of times, this is a highly complex issue. Synonyms complicated, involved, intricate, convoluted, tangled, elaborate, serpentine, labyrinthine, tortuous, impenetrable, Byzantine, Daedalian, Gordian difficult, hard, knotty, tricky, thorny, problematical informal fiddly rare involute, involuted 2Mathematics Denoting or involving numbers or quantities containing both a real and an imaginary part. 〔数〕复数的；复的 Example sentencesExamples In addition to his work on geometry, Bolyai developed a rigorous geometric concept of complex numbers as ordered pairs of real numbers. Bombelli was the first person to write down the rules for addition, subtraction and multiplication of complex numbers. He also classified real and complex numbers into classes which are algebraically independent. The same notions can be extended to polynomial equations involving complex numbers. Mathematicians find uses for complex numbers in solving equations. 3Chemistry Denoting an ion or molecule in which one or more groups are linked to a metal atom by coordinate bonds. 〔化〕配合的；络合的 in naming complex ions, the names of the ligands are cited first Example sentencesExamples This process occurs when oxygen atoms bond to an iron atom at the center of a complex protein molecule known as oxyhemoglobin. Often the atoms comprising a complex molecule can be arranged in several ways and still satisfy the octet rule for each atom. There are, as you would expect from the simplicity of the alcohol molecule, no complex hydrocarbons emitted. Biological processes, in turn, depend on the chemistry of complex molecules. Carbohydrates can form more complex molecules when linked with other molecules. noun ˈkɒmplɛksˈkɑmplɛks 1A group or system of different things that are linked in a close or complicated way; a network. 综合体，复合体；网状系统 a complex of mountain roads 纵横交错的山路。 Example sentencesExamples The problem is not how to choose between two possibilities, but how to relate and weigh a complex of motives. The ‘self’ is a complex of memories, thoughts, beliefs, desires etc. all of which can be doubted. Rather than being a single disease, it is in fact a complex of related diseases which include forms known as yellow mosaic and veinbanding. The wheel itself was split into many different complexes. It is part of a complex of closely related gull species that interbreed readily. ‘Network’ includes a complex of interconnected computer or communication systems of any type. The result is that we see her not in a single emotion, but a complex of emotions. Structural studies revealed that cullin serves as a bridge to bring together different components of the complex. Eventually, of course, they run into other such complexes expanding from different kernels. It has been argued recently that the mind is a complex of conflicting and complementary memetic patterns seeking to reproduce. I find that a day that starts with a smile often carries on that way and my day did just that in spite of solemn moments and an occasional sadness mixed together in a complex of emotions. The complex of field systems and large stone walls extend from the north western slopes of Mount Brandon to within the boundaries of Dingle. Synonyms network, system, interconnected system/structure/scheme, nexus, web, tissue combination, composite, synthesis, fusion, aggregation 1.1 A group of similar buildings or facilities on the same site. 建筑群；服务设施集中区 a leisure complex 休闲中心。 a complex of hotels 旅馆群。 Example sentencesExamples The company has expertise in building apartment buildings, shopping malls and office complexes. Plans for building museums in the complex have also been made. An increasing number of workers on low incomes are moving out as reasonably priced housing is replaced by expensive apartment complexes and luxury residential developments. He has watched as new building complexes have risen over sites he knows contain more lost tombstones. Developments vary from apartment blocks and hotels to modern luxury complexes with swimming pools, solariums, restaurants and a host of other facilities. At a council planning meeting on Tuesday it was agreed to extend the uses of the building to include a business complex with conference facilities on the south of the site. Placing large parking lots around buildings means office complexes usually sit in the middle of an island of heat which requires more air conditioning. Mr Young said despite rumours he has no plans to build an apartment complex on the site. He also expressed concern over other violations by real estate developers, who took small lakes and swampy areas in the northern part of the city as development sites for housing complexes. The rehearsal room was a dilapidated building in a hospital complex. Dentists' offices, doctors' offices and markets were all built into the apartment complexes to make life more efficient. Fires at the base of the complex of seven office buildings sent heavy smoke throughout. These especially go well in complexes and office buildings that have an architectural importance. Usually, such mock drills are only conducted in high-rise buildings and in shopping complexes, but they are essential also in slum areas. Through its connecting walkways, a person could potentially live inside the buildings forever, navigating the maze between apartment complexes, office towers and malls. No one in their right mind would live here among the burned-out office buildings and development complexes. They are normally installed with automatic closing devices in multiple residence buildings such as apartment complexes. Massive corporate campuses, large and numerous residential complexes and modern retail facilities have come up along this belt. About 70 families were left homeless by the fire, which destroyed three buildings in the apartment complex. We had the devil of a time running the cable through the conduits which were built into the apartment complex I live in. Synonyms building, structure, development 2Psychoanalysis A related group of repressed or partly repressed emotionally significant ideas which cause psychic conflict leading to abnormal mental states or behaviour. 〔心理分析〕情结，情意综；变态心理 Example sentencesExamples Like Jack, David had a complex and conflicted history of diagnoses, treatments and medication. For about six to eight hours you seem to have no physical experience of the chronic muscular tensions that Reich says are symptomatic of unhealthy mental or emotional complexes. I don't know if anyone has done any major writing comparing Jung's ideas of complexes and archetypes to electrical networks, but it would be a great thing to look into. The dark abyss of the mind and its complexes and obsessions must be conquered. Jung, Freud and comrades helped to systematise intuitive skill while deciphering some psychic complexes of their own Europe in turmoil. 2.1informal A strong or disproportionate concern or anxiety about something. 〈非正式〉强烈（或过度）的关心（或忧虑） there's no point having a complex about losing your hair 你过分担心掉头发是毫无道理的。 Example sentencesExamples He brought all his phobias and complexes to his film-making and whatever ingrained attitudes he had about women were also hauled along. I've been lucky that the men I've fallen in love with have fallen in love with me, so I've never had that complex about the way I look. But for the first time, many Americans were sophisticated enough to have developed a cultural inferiority complex. Every minor flaw gets magnified and many even develop a complex about it. Perhaps I should get a complex about the Jonah joke. I had such a complex about it that I never noticed that I was actually quite fair compared to everyone in the class. He was also a bookworm who had a complex about his family's poverty and a fan of kung fu and violent movies. The threatening letters, believed to be fake by many, only accentuated the fear complex. Since then, the girl had believed she was not photogenic and gradually developed an inferiority complex. Synonyms obsession, phobia, fixation, preoccupation neurosis French idée fixe informal hang-up, thing, bee in one's bonnet 3Chemistry An ion or molecule in which one or more groups are linked to a metal atom by coordinate bonds. 〔化〕配合的；络合的 two guanine bases can attach themselves to the same platinum atom, forming a stable complex Example sentencesExamples If two molecules or complexes have the same molecular formula they are candidates for stereochemical analysis. It is known that metal cations form complexes with anionic phosphodiester groups and carbonyl oxygens in the glycerol backbone of phosphocholine lipids. Dyson and Welton used water and ionic liquid soluble organometallic clusters and complexes to catalyse hydrogenation of the aromatics. It correctly accounts for the structures of most covalent compounds of elements other than transition metal complexes. Metal complexes are generally prepared by reacting a salt with another molecule or ion. 3.1 Any loosely bonded species formed by the association of two molecules. 复合物；合成物；聚合体 cross-linked protein–DNA complexes 交联蛋白质-脱氧核糖核酸组合物。 Example sentencesExamples It is not, however, clear whether association of ternary complexes is necessary to confer photoactivity, for instance by a stabilization effect. The chromo-domain and the related chromo-shadow domain mediate the formation of protein complexes and their association with chromatin. Recently two checkpoint sensor protein complexes have been shown to bind damaged DNA. This might occur in newly synthesized proteins to aid in folding or in mature proteins to control their activity or association with other protein complexes. This clearly suggests that the newly formed species may correspond to complexes of PEI with heparin. verb ˈkɒmplɛksˈkɑmplɛks [with object]Chemistry Make (an atom or compound) form a complex with another. 〔化〕使（原子，化合物）配合；使络合 the DNA was complexed with the nuclear extract 使脱氧核糖核酸与细胞核提取物络合。 Example sentencesExamples However, as mammalian cells will not readily take up naked nucleic acids, the RNAs have to be complexed with agents such as cationic lipids to allow them to enter the cells. They may reduce mineral metal ions through direct contact or by reducing complexed ions. Several membrane protein structures have been solved in which the protein is complexed with a specific lipid. Iron is mostly complexed with the organic ligands or colloids that are very abundant in natural seawater. Chloride is complexed with the silver chromate and fixed in a circular pattern around the entry point. Derivatives complexation nounkɒmplɛkˈseɪʃənˌkɑmplɛkˈseɪʃən mass nounChemistry The process of making an atom or compound form a complex with another. 〔化〕使（原子，化合物）配合；使络合 The resulting NTA surface is activated by complexation of Cu 2 + ions rendering it capable of reversible immobilization of His-tagged proteins. Example sentencesExamples These results can be understood on the basis of preferential complexation of PicoGreen with base paired structures assumed by DNA following both intramolecular and intermolecular aggregation. In our analysis of complexation of lipids via water bridging, we do not distinguish between the two types of hydrogen-bonded interactions between cholesterol and water, placing them both in the general binding mode category, WB. complexly adverb In contradiction to the usual concept of poetry as dense and academic, complexly layered with meaning and allusion, McGarragle is hoping to hook audiences with ‘in-between’ poetry. Example sentencesExamples But in addition to these overt bodily manifestations, fear is also complexly wired into our social networks. Clearly, in order to preserve the more fragile and complexly articulated examples, only five masks were wired to move, and their gestures were simple. Modern fathers are complex - and they have to be complexly, not crudely, managed to get the best out of them. As it is, the somewhat uniform and monolithic representation of ‘the West’ mars the attempt to produce a nuanced and subtle reading of cultural hybridity as the inevitable product of a complexly interwoven global milieu. Origin Mid 17th century (in the sense 'group of related elements'): from Latin complexus, past participle (used as a noun) of complectere 'embrace, comprise', later associated with complexus 'plaited'; the adjective is partly via French complexe. Definition of complex in US English: complex adjectiveˈkɑmplɛks 1Consisting of many different and connected parts. 由许多部分组成的，组合的；合成的；复合的 a complex network of water channels 综合水道网。 Example sentencesExamples The hips, on the other hand, are a very large and complex joint with many different muscles and attachments. Accounting for new irreducibly complex structures by the foregoing mechanisms is a completely different proposition. Three geostationary satellites and a complex network of ground stations will carry out the task. The vehicle has four wheels all connected by complex machinery that simple minds like ours can't begin to describe. The complex wiring of old networks are gradually being replaced by a cleaner wireless environment. Organisms such as fungi have evolved complex networks in which there are centralised and decentralised pathways to move nutrients around. It was fascinating how Mr Fox so quickly constructed that complex network of tunnels. For me, there is a complex network of paths through the house, all centering on the study where my current project is available for instant scrutiny. Because of this, the structure of these converters are quite complex although easy to understand. Inside, a skylit atrium runs the full length of the building, connecting its richly complex spaces. The condition is caused by damage to the complex network of nerves in the neck and shoulder when her arm became stuck behind her mother's pelvic bone during birth. It claims that the financial proceeds of organised crime are used, via a complex network of intermediaries, to buy the company's cigarettes. The plant's shoots receive nourishment from a complex network of connections to the roots. The impression one has when looking at maps of large-scale structure is that of a vast cosmic web, a complex network of intersecting chains and sheets. To reduce the harmful effects of exposure to DNA-damaging agents, the human genome has evolved a complex network of genome stability pathways. As the vocal folds consist of a complex web of different muscle fibres, the tension and density of vocal folds can vary considerably. Keeping these elements in articulation as they move in different planes requires a complex joint. There is a complex network of channels and what look like highways that have been laid out in a massive organized fashion. In Streedagh's sandhills, there lies a vast and complex network of rabbit burrows. Twins can be joined by the head, chest and pelvis, sometimes sharing organs and a complex network of blood vessels. Synonyms compound, composite, compounded, multiplex 1.1 Not easy to analyze or understand; complicated or intricate. 难以分析的；费解的；错综复杂的 a complex personality 复杂的性格。 the situation is more complex than it appears 情况比看起来要更为复杂。 Example sentencesExamples Miller's writing is excellent, and he makes some rather complex biochemistry easy to understand. Web services are fine, until you start to deal with complex data structures across different platforms. In other words, the problems are much more complex than Mr. Baker understands or cares to discuss. Traffic flow is an extremely complex phenomenon and its complete understanding is quite difficult. He was all about clarity, making sure people could understand complex stories. It is an enormously complex and difficult problem that defies easy solution. This chapter is written in a clear, understandable style, making it easier to understand the complex legal issues discussed. In our highly divided and partisan political system, people tend to lack the ability to understand a complex reality. Aging is an intricate, complex process that involves many areas of your body. However, the wider international situation is increasingly complex. The British press and wire services carried a far different and more complex story. The complex work involved intricate scheduling with cleanup crews and keeping myriad utilities happy. As I have noted a number of times, this is a highly complex issue. Reaching political consensus on such complex issues is never easy, given the diversity of interests that must be addressed. However, the whole matter of indirect tax liability is devilishly complex and difficult to understand. His files are protected by a very complex system of coding and firewalls. Features of financial products are becoming far too complex for the common man. Given these highly complex interactions, research in this area frequently yields contradictory conclusions. They need time to formulate complex thoughts in an easy language. Most studies also do not take into account the complex interplay between different variables in predicting lung volumes. Synonyms complicated, involved, intricate, convoluted, tangled, elaborate, serpentine, labyrinthine, tortuous, impenetrable, byzantine, daedalian, gordian 2Mathematics Denoting or involving numbers or quantities containing both a real and an imaginary part. 〔数〕复数的；复的 Example sentencesExamples He also classified real and complex numbers into classes which are algebraically independent. In addition to his work on geometry, Bolyai developed a rigorous geometric concept of complex numbers as ordered pairs of real numbers. The same notions can be extended to polynomial equations involving complex numbers. Mathematicians find uses for complex numbers in solving equations. Bombelli was the first person to write down the rules for addition, subtraction and multiplication of complex numbers. 3Chemistry Denoting an ion or molecule in which one or more groups are linked to a metal atom by coordinate bonds. 〔化〕配合的；络合的 Example sentencesExamples There are, as you would expect from the simplicity of the alcohol molecule, no complex hydrocarbons emitted. Biological processes, in turn, depend on the chemistry of complex molecules. Carbohydrates can form more complex molecules when linked with other molecules. This process occurs when oxygen atoms bond to an iron atom at the center of a complex protein molecule known as oxyhemoglobin. Often the atoms comprising a complex molecule can be arranged in several ways and still satisfy the octet rule for each atom. nounˈkɑmplɛks 1A group of similar buildings or facilities on the same site. 建筑群；服务设施集中区 a new apartment complex a complex of hotels 旅馆群。 Example sentencesExamples They are normally installed with automatic closing devices in multiple residence buildings such as apartment complexes. He has watched as new building complexes have risen over sites he knows contain more lost tombstones. These especially go well in complexes and office buildings that have an architectural importance. About 70 families were left homeless by the fire, which destroyed three buildings in the apartment complex. Plans for building museums in the complex have also been made. We had the devil of a time running the cable through the conduits which were built into the apartment complex I live in. He also expressed concern over other violations by real estate developers, who took small lakes and swampy areas in the northern part of the city as development sites for housing complexes. Dentists' offices, doctors' offices and markets were all built into the apartment complexes to make life more efficient. An increasing number of workers on low incomes are moving out as reasonably priced housing is replaced by expensive apartment complexes and luxury residential developments. Mr Young said despite rumours he has no plans to build an apartment complex on the site. No one in their right mind would live here among the burned-out office buildings and development complexes. Fires at the base of the complex of seven office buildings sent heavy smoke throughout. The company has expertise in building apartment buildings, shopping malls and office complexes. Through its connecting walkways, a person could potentially live inside the buildings forever, navigating the maze between apartment complexes, office towers and malls. The rehearsal room was a dilapidated building in a hospital complex. At a council planning meeting on Tuesday it was agreed to extend the uses of the building to include a business complex with conference facilities on the south of the site. Placing large parking lots around buildings means office complexes usually sit in the middle of an island of heat which requires more air conditioning. Usually, such mock drills are only conducted in high-rise buildings and in shopping complexes, but they are essential also in slum areas. Developments vary from apartment blocks and hotels to modern luxury complexes with swimming pools, solariums, restaurants and a host of other facilities. Massive corporate campuses, large and numerous residential complexes and modern retail facilities have come up along this belt. Synonyms building, structure, development 1.1 A group or system of different things that are linked in a close or complicated way; a network. 综合体，复合体；网状系统 a complex of mountain roads 纵横交错的山路。 Example sentencesExamples Structural studies revealed that cullin serves as a bridge to bring together different components of the complex. I find that a day that starts with a smile often carries on that way and my day did just that in spite of solemn moments and an occasional sadness mixed together in a complex of emotions. It has been argued recently that the mind is a complex of conflicting and complementary memetic patterns seeking to reproduce. The ‘self’ is a complex of memories, thoughts, beliefs, desires etc. all of which can be doubted. It is part of a complex of closely related gull species that interbreed readily. The problem is not how to choose between two possibilities, but how to relate and weigh a complex of motives. Eventually, of course, they run into other such complexes expanding from different kernels. The wheel itself was split into many different complexes. The complex of field systems and large stone walls extend from the north western slopes of Mount Brandon to within the boundaries of Dingle. Rather than being a single disease, it is in fact a complex of related diseases which include forms known as yellow mosaic and veinbanding. The result is that we see her not in a single emotion, but a complex of emotions. ‘Network’ includes a complex of interconnected computer or communication systems of any type. Synonyms network, system, interconnected scheme, interconnected structure, interconnected system, nexus, web, tissue 2Psychoanalysis A related group of emotionally significant ideas that are completely or partly repressed and that cause psychic conflict leading to abnormal mental states or behavior. 〔心理分析〕情结，情意综；变态心理 Example sentencesExamples For about six to eight hours you seem to have no physical experience of the chronic muscular tensions that Reich says are symptomatic of unhealthy mental or emotional complexes. Jung, Freud and comrades helped to systematise intuitive skill while deciphering some psychic complexes of their own Europe in turmoil. Like Jack, David had a complex and conflicted history of diagnoses, treatments and medication. The dark abyss of the mind and its complexes and obsessions must be conquered. I don't know if anyone has done any major writing comparing Jung's ideas of complexes and archetypes to electrical networks, but it would be a great thing to look into. 2.1informal A disproportionate concern or anxiety about something. 〈非正式〉强烈（或过度）的关心（或忧虑） there's no point having a complex about losing your hair 你过分担心掉头发是毫无道理的。 Example sentencesExamples I've been lucky that the men I've fallen in love with have fallen in love with me, so I've never had that complex about the way I look. Since then, the girl had believed she was not photogenic and gradually developed an inferiority complex. Every minor flaw gets magnified and many even develop a complex about it. He brought all his phobias and complexes to his film-making and whatever ingrained attitudes he had about women were also hauled along. He was also a bookworm who had a complex about his family's poverty and a fan of kung fu and violent movies. The threatening letters, believed to be fake by many, only accentuated the fear complex. Perhaps I should get a complex about the Jonah joke. But for the first time, many Americans were sophisticated enough to have developed a cultural inferiority complex. I had such a complex about it that I never noticed that I was actually quite fair compared to everyone in the class. Synonyms obsession, phobia, fixation, preoccupation 3Chemistry An ion or molecule in which one or more groups are linked to a metal atom by coordinate bonds. 〔化〕配合的；络合的 Example sentencesExamples It correctly accounts for the structures of most covalent compounds of elements other than transition metal complexes. If two molecules or complexes have the same molecular formula they are candidates for stereochemical analysis. It is known that metal cations form complexes with anionic phosphodiester groups and carbonyl oxygens in the glycerol backbone of phosphocholine lipids. Metal complexes are generally prepared by reacting a salt with another molecule or ion. Dyson and Welton used water and ionic liquid soluble organometallic clusters and complexes to catalyse hydrogenation of the aromatics. 3.1 Any loosely bonded species formed by the association of two molecules. 复合物；合成物；聚合体 cross-linked protein-DNA complexes 交联蛋白质-脱氧核糖核酸组合物。 Example sentencesExamples The chromo-domain and the related chromo-shadow domain mediate the formation of protein complexes and their association with chromatin. This clearly suggests that the newly formed species may correspond to complexes of PEI with heparin. This might occur in newly synthesized proteins to aid in folding or in mature proteins to control their activity or association with other protein complexes. Recently two checkpoint sensor protein complexes have been shown to bind damaged DNA. It is not, however, clear whether association of ternary complexes is necessary to confer photoactivity, for instance by a stabilization effect. verbˈkɑmplɛks [with object]usually be complexedChemistry Make (an atom or compound) form a complex with another. 〔化〕使（原子，化合物）配合；使络合 the DNA was complexed with the nuclear extract 使脱氧核糖核酸与细胞核提取物络合。 the complexed metal ion 络合金属离子。 Example sentencesExamples Chloride is complexed with the silver chromate and fixed in a circular pattern around the entry point. Iron is mostly complexed with the organic ligands or colloids that are very abundant in natural seawater. However, as mammalian cells will not readily take up naked nucleic acids, the RNAs have to be complexed with agents such as cationic lipids to allow them to enter the cells. They may reduce mineral metal ions through direct contact or by reducing complexed ions. Several membrane protein structures have been solved in which the protein is complexed with a specific lipid. Origin Mid 17th century (in the sense ‘group of related elements’): from Latin complexus, past participle (used as a noun) of complectere ‘embrace, comprise’, later associated with complexus ‘plaited’; the adjective is partly via French complexe.
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