Definition of realism in English:

realism

noun ˈrɪəlɪz(ə)mˈri(ə)ˌlɪzəm

mass noun

1The attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly.
现实，现实性；现实的态度（或做法）；注重实际的倾向
the summit was marked by a new mood of realism
这次峰会的显著特点是一种新的务实心态。
Example sentencesExamples
- A certain notion of realism began not only to prescribe what could now happen, but to airbrush out what had actually happened.
- It is such responses that put Howard a million miles from the toughness and realism his moral certainties are supposed to carry.
- This should come from within the profession if we are to inculcate a sense of realism and ownership in practices in readiness for mandatory incident reporting.
- Practical realism must dictate that there is no alternative but to maintain status quo on a permanent basis.
- An idealist tempered by realism, Holland was a doer, not a doubter.
- As Jamal Saghir was saying, there's now much more realism about what the private sector can and can't deliver in the developing world.
- Whenever questioned about the perilous financial predicament he always maintained a sense of diplomacy and realism about the situation.
- What we want is the ability to recognise the difference between situations that call for optimism, trying harder, and the situations that call for realism and pessimism.
- Yet when assessing the current situation, realism is also required, as well as precision about what is actually taking place.
- Before we all get too carried away it has to be said that his announcement was guided as much by healthy realism as by altruism.
- On the other hand, a certain level of realism has turned in.
- Mr Douglas has come out with the classic cringe which believes pessimism, or realism as he would no doubt like to call it, is an inherently Scottish state of mind.
- If the Tories have the courage to take this principled stance and the wit to argue their case coherently, they might well find a resonance in the country, where there is a new, angry mood of realism.
- It is not the kindness of this prince's heart but the piercing realism of Machiavelli that has produced this morally preferable outcome.
- This article is completely atypical in its brutal realism about the situation in Saudi Arabia.
- The journey from apathy to realism is a long, tedious one.
- Through discussions with the party he became convinced that post-strike realism would make nationalists accept a deal confined to Northern Ireland.
- It is generous in its scope, but the generosity is based on long-term realism and the proposition that reform and change is not only necessary, but unavoidable.
- Mr Rogers hopes this development may bring a greater sense of realism to a situation which ‘has been as cracked as a dropping pot for at least a decade now’.
- She also says that students need to balance feeling secure on campus with a sense of caution and realism.
Synonyms
pragmatism, practicality, matter-of-factness, common sense, level-headedness, clear-sightedness
1. 1.1 The view that the subject matter of politics is political power, not matters of principle.
  权力实用主义
  political realism is the oldest approach to global politics
  政治权力主义是最古老的全球政治方法。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Australia's defence and security planners view the world around us through the relatively narrow lens of power-politics' realism and respond accordingly.
  Unity, flexibility, realism and political acumen are the crying needs of the hour.
  The foreign policy of the Voronin administration over the past three years has been based on the classic principles of realism.
  Although criticised by many at that time for being too soft, it was in essence a policy based on realism and aimed at liberating India to play a larger role in the world.
  In the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th, Europe advocated realism and practiced power politics.
  His views on these issues, and those recently proclaimed by former Labor prime minister Bob Hawke, show both informed realism and political courage.
  On my second reading of it the ideas are much clearer, and I find myself increasingly amazed at the uniqueness and political realism of the Marxist worldview and analysis.
  Making allies of the enemies of democracy because they share putative interests with us is, in other words, not realism but foolish self-deception.
  Like most arguments about realism in politics, this is a dubious one.
  Now the six-party dialogue is beginning to inject a new dose of realism into Pyongyang's policy.
  But political realism dictates that this change cannot be accomplished directly; it must proceed via a series of transititional stages.
  To a large extent Jordan's success was due to the pragmatism and political realism of King Abdullah.
  His prognosis, then, was based upon the hope that Hitler would - at least for a time - share his own perspective on political and military realism in Europe.
  Political realism that determines the goals of geo-politics confronts nations with a situation where military security is equally essential.
  To recognize that war is inevitable is not pessimism, but political realism.
  But none of that new realism is allowed to affect the doctrine of Britain's independent nuclear deterrent.
  Third, we need policies that combine realism and compassion.
  It will also have a different crime rate, divergent patterns of morality, a different standard and notion of what counts as political realism.
  It is exactly these regularly held elections and the freedom of the press that have brought realism to Russian foreign policy and purged it of ideology.
  Political realism in essence reduces to the political-ethical principle that might is right.
2. 1.2 The doctrine that the law is better understood by analysis of judges rather than the judgements given.
  现实主义法学
  modern jurists have tended to underestimate the scope of American legal realism
  Example sentencesExamples
  The first to develop was legal realism - basically a group of really cynical judges.
  Well, the new realism is that juries cannot be trusted in respect of any matter that might be adverse to the accused.
  This is a kind of legal realism and Anastaplo documents it nicely - or at least Lincoln's awareness of it.
  The other school of thought is sometimes called positivism, sometimes called legal realism.
  One could hardly ask for a better example of the legal realism he would so soon consider to be a pernicious and dangerous idea.
  The Constitution of the United States of America is a majestic old document, but in our age of legal realism the common wisdom is that judges do with it what they want.
  John Rosenberg thinks I may be understating the degree of liberal legal realism still prevalent.
  This approach - sometimes known as legal realism - led to some landmark decisions.
2The quality or fact of representing a person or thing in a way that is accurate and true to life.
真实性，真实感；逼真性
While realism in art is often used in the same contexts as naturalism, implying a concern with accurate and objective representation, it also suggests a deliberate rejection of conventionally attractive or appropriate subjects in favour of sincerity and a focus on the unidealized treatment of contemporary life. Specifically, the term is applied to a late 19th-century movement in French painting and literature represented by Gustave Courbet in the former and Balzac, Stendhal, and Flaubert in the latter
British soaps will stay because of their gritty realism
英国传统的肥皂剧将会因其一贯的真实感而得以保留下来。
Example sentencesExamples
- Although it did cover social issues, they argued that this was merely an inevitable consequence of its commitment to realism, rather than something which they self-consciously set out to do.
- He interweaves a Brechtian political parable with naturalist realism.
- So I want to treat this as a piece of realism rather than the picturesque tradition, which tends to depict an idealised version of English heritage.
- And it gives that movie a certain essence, a certain kind of realism.
- The biological realism of this restricted model is tenuous.
- She has always been interested in colour and composition rather than realism and believes painting to be a subject in itself, a ‘visual experience of mood and atmosphere’.
- At the heart of Victorian realistic tendencies was the unraveling of the very practice of realism itself.
- The more you look for details, cues and fakes, the more you add to the realism of the situation.
- It is a statue cast in bronze and shows both realism of style and undoubted symbolic ritual function.
- Regardless of whether or not one accepts Loach's version of reality, his dedication to realism is laudable.
- Each stroke he made with the brush was incredibly painstaking, because he had to match it up precisely in order to give it a certain amount of realism.
- The game strives for a certain degree of realism rather than dazzle, and in that I think it has succeeded.
- The paintings reproduce the photographed features with illusionistic realism while leaving the surrounding heads completely flat.
- Meanwhile, a number of important African American writers played truant from the school of racial realism.
- The irony here is that this series achieves a high degree of realism when it deals with medical and surgical emergencies.
- Adult television has already begun to recognize the public's hunger for fascinating scientific realism.
- It's a Cold War story based on a Tom Clancy book, so the locations are plentiful and the political intrigue calls for realism.
- If we return to the gunshot analogy, we realize why creating sound effects is a perfectly legitimate practice in maintaining realism.
- In Chandler's famous puff for the superiority of the private eye over the classic mystery, its virtue is said to lie in its greater realism.
- At the same time, the over-exaggeration of torque when taxiing in planes seems to be a developer's nuance rather than actual realism.
Synonyms
authenticity, fidelity, verisimilitude, truthfulness, faithfulness, naturalism
informal telling it like it is
1. 2.1 An artistic or literary movement or style characterized by the representation of people or things as they actually are.
  （文学和艺术用语）现实主义，写实主义。常与IDEALISM （义项1）相对
  Often contrasted with idealism (sense 1)
  Example sentencesExamples
  Within the context of art, say of realism versus expressionism, you can have a realistic body or an expressionistic body.
  These discoveries about the earliest form of genre painting in Italy open up the topic of realism in the seicento to further scrutiny.
  By about 1930, many artists who in the 1910s and early 1920s employed an abstract style had turned to realism.
  Show entries range in style from realism to the very abstract.
  Now continue and stop imposing realism on this deeply realism-resistant work.
  We're not dealing with realism in those sections, where the actors are masked.
  And though realism in equine art is popular, some artists say they have found great success in more abstract styles.
  Wright was committed to the practice of modern realism and radical modernism.
  However, if the narratives make a claim for social realism, then they also acknowledge the limits of realism as a representational mode.
  Though the prose is nicely formed and sometimes beautiful, the world created often veers more closely to romantic fantasy than literary realism.
  They produced masterpieces of American realism, and that realism was the kiss of death: it offered little to Theory.
  For the most part, it falls into two broad categories or camps: the various forms of literary realism, and the various gambits of postmodernism.
  The occasion emphasized continuity with an admired past, but these composers' operas embraced a new style of realism (known as verismo).
  It belongs rather to that tradition of artistic realism that stakes its claim to truth on calculated departures from familiar modes of seeing and knowing.
  The artist's style combines heroic realism with a restrained delicacy of expression that places him among the best of the century's monument makers.
  Poynton's arrant realism provides echoes of Lucian Freud, Stanley Spencer, Eric Fischl and Philip Pearlstein.
  What is realism as understood by the theoretician of art?
  First, there was renewed interest in realism from the larger art community.
  My preference for styles is realism to modern art, but learning how to achieve different art forms is interesting.
  Later, I shall deal with issues of idealism and realism in African film productions.
3Philosophy
The doctrine that universals or abstract concepts have an objective or absolute existence. The theory that universals have their own reality is sometimes called Platonic realism because it was first outlined by Plato's doctrine of ‘forms’ or ideas.
〔哲〕唯实论（认为共相或抽象概念客观或绝对存在的学说；共相具有自身实在性的理论有时称作“柏拉图唯实论”，因为这一理论最早是根据柏拉图有关“形式”或理念的学说概括出来的）。常与NOMINALISM 相对
Often contrasted with nominalism
Example sentencesExamples
- Other terms for this ontology are pluralistic realism and transcendental realism.
- There's little indication of the available range of ethical theories, from crude emotivism to Platonic realism, from McDowellian objectivism to virtue theory.
- That means the status of strings in string theory in physics can become a philosophical topic by way of discussions of realism and nominalism.
- The alternative between a theological and an independent theory of ethics is, he holds, the alternative between ethical nominalism and realism.
- What it seems that we have done is to locate ourselves more decisively on one side of the continental divide of the old Christian world, between realism and nominalism.
- I must confess that I have always found the concept of symbolic realism to be somewhat disconcerting.
- Some commentators have thought that Descartes is committed to a species of Platonic realism.
- The position of entity realism is that at least some of the cognitive objects discussed in scientific theories do exist.
- Another aim is to show that the problem of direct realism versus indirect realism is of importance for the ontological analysis of social reality.
- Thus, the ontological eliminative structuralism inherits the problems and potential solutions of realism in ontology (platonism).
1. 3.1 The doctrine that matter as the object of perception has real existence and is neither reducible to universal mind or spirit nor dependent on a perceiving agent.
  实在主义，实在论（认为作为感知对象的物质真实地存在而且既不可还原为一般的思想或精神也不依赖于感知者的学说）。常与IDEALISM （义项2）相对
  Often contrasted with idealism (sense 2)
  Example sentencesExamples
  It is therefore not surprising that commentators have wanted to show that properly understood his phenomenology is realist or at least neutral with respect to realism and idealism.
  A large number of people said that the real was the measurable, which could be a sign of realism, operationalism, or hermeneutical realism.
  The controversy in metaphysics between idealism and realism is that, for the idealist, nothing exists independently of the mind.
  Peirce's realism attempted to embrace both the constructions of the mind and the mind's interface with reality through perception.
  She argues that ontological realism about a type of entity is justified if the objective existence of the entities is part of our best explanation of the world.
  Many contemporary philosophers see the ultimate triumph of atomism as a victory for realism over positivism.
  Abelard defends his thesis that universals are nothing but words by arguing that ontological realism about universals is incoherent.

Definition of realism in US English:

realism

nounˈrē(ə)ˌlizəmˈri(ə)ˌlɪzəm

1The attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly.
现实，现实性；现实的态度（或做法）；注重实际的倾向
the summit was marked by a new mood of realism
这次峰会的显著特点是一种新的务实心态。
Example sentencesExamples
- It is generous in its scope, but the generosity is based on long-term realism and the proposition that reform and change is not only necessary, but unavoidable.
- A certain notion of realism began not only to prescribe what could now happen, but to airbrush out what had actually happened.
- The journey from apathy to realism is a long, tedious one.
- On the other hand, a certain level of realism has turned in.
- As Jamal Saghir was saying, there's now much more realism about what the private sector can and can't deliver in the developing world.
- Before we all get too carried away it has to be said that his announcement was guided as much by healthy realism as by altruism.
- Whenever questioned about the perilous financial predicament he always maintained a sense of diplomacy and realism about the situation.
- Mr Douglas has come out with the classic cringe which believes pessimism, or realism as he would no doubt like to call it, is an inherently Scottish state of mind.
- If the Tories have the courage to take this principled stance and the wit to argue their case coherently, they might well find a resonance in the country, where there is a new, angry mood of realism.
- What we want is the ability to recognise the difference between situations that call for optimism, trying harder, and the situations that call for realism and pessimism.
- Yet when assessing the current situation, realism is also required, as well as precision about what is actually taking place.
- Mr Rogers hopes this development may bring a greater sense of realism to a situation which ‘has been as cracked as a dropping pot for at least a decade now’.
- Through discussions with the party he became convinced that post-strike realism would make nationalists accept a deal confined to Northern Ireland.
- This should come from within the profession if we are to inculcate a sense of realism and ownership in practices in readiness for mandatory incident reporting.
- Practical realism must dictate that there is no alternative but to maintain status quo on a permanent basis.
- An idealist tempered by realism, Holland was a doer, not a doubter.
- This article is completely atypical in its brutal realism about the situation in Saudi Arabia.
- She also says that students need to balance feeling secure on campus with a sense of caution and realism.
- It is not the kindness of this prince's heart but the piercing realism of Machiavelli that has produced this morally preferable outcome.
- It is such responses that put Howard a million miles from the toughness and realism his moral certainties are supposed to carry.
Synonyms
pragmatism, practicality, matter-of-factness, common sense, level-headedness, clear-sightedness
1. 1.1 The view that the subject matter of politics is political power, not matters of principle.
  权力实用主义
  political realism is the oldest approach to global politics
  政治权力主义是最古老的全球政治方法。
  Example sentencesExamples
  But none of that new realism is allowed to affect the doctrine of Britain's independent nuclear deterrent.
  Now the six-party dialogue is beginning to inject a new dose of realism into Pyongyang's policy.
  Although criticised by many at that time for being too soft, it was in essence a policy based on realism and aimed at liberating India to play a larger role in the world.
  On my second reading of it the ideas are much clearer, and I find myself increasingly amazed at the uniqueness and political realism of the Marxist worldview and analysis.
  To recognize that war is inevitable is not pessimism, but political realism.
  Political realism that determines the goals of geo-politics confronts nations with a situation where military security is equally essential.
  But political realism dictates that this change cannot be accomplished directly; it must proceed via a series of transititional stages.
  His views on these issues, and those recently proclaimed by former Labor prime minister Bob Hawke, show both informed realism and political courage.
  Like most arguments about realism in politics, this is a dubious one.
  In the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th, Europe advocated realism and practiced power politics.
  It will also have a different crime rate, divergent patterns of morality, a different standard and notion of what counts as political realism.
  Australia's defence and security planners view the world around us through the relatively narrow lens of power-politics' realism and respond accordingly.
  It is exactly these regularly held elections and the freedom of the press that have brought realism to Russian foreign policy and purged it of ideology.
  His prognosis, then, was based upon the hope that Hitler would - at least for a time - share his own perspective on political and military realism in Europe.
  Political realism in essence reduces to the political-ethical principle that might is right.
  The foreign policy of the Voronin administration over the past three years has been based on the classic principles of realism.
  Making allies of the enemies of democracy because they share putative interests with us is, in other words, not realism but foolish self-deception.
  Third, we need policies that combine realism and compassion.
  Unity, flexibility, realism and political acumen are the crying needs of the hour.
  To a large extent Jordan's success was due to the pragmatism and political realism of King Abdullah.
2The quality or fact of representing a person, thing, or situation accurately or in a way that is true to life.
真实性，真实感；逼真性
While realism in art is often used in the same contexts as naturalism, implying a concern to depict or describe accurately and objectively, it also suggests a deliberate rejection of conventionally beautiful or appropriate subjects in favor of sincerity and a focus on simple and unidealized treatment of contemporary life. Specifically, the term is applied to a late 19th-century movement in French painting and literature represented by Gustave Courbet in the former and Balzac, Stendhal, and Flaubert in the latter
the earthy realism of Raimu's characters
Example sentencesExamples
- It's a Cold War story based on a Tom Clancy book, so the locations are plentiful and the political intrigue calls for realism.
- In Chandler's famous puff for the superiority of the private eye over the classic mystery, its virtue is said to lie in its greater realism.
- Adult television has already begun to recognize the public's hunger for fascinating scientific realism.
- The game strives for a certain degree of realism rather than dazzle, and in that I think it has succeeded.
- And it gives that movie a certain essence, a certain kind of realism.
- The paintings reproduce the photographed features with illusionistic realism while leaving the surrounding heads completely flat.
- Meanwhile, a number of important African American writers played truant from the school of racial realism.
- At the heart of Victorian realistic tendencies was the unraveling of the very practice of realism itself.
- The biological realism of this restricted model is tenuous.
- He interweaves a Brechtian political parable with naturalist realism.
- She has always been interested in colour and composition rather than realism and believes painting to be a subject in itself, a ‘visual experience of mood and atmosphere’.
- The irony here is that this series achieves a high degree of realism when it deals with medical and surgical emergencies.
- If we return to the gunshot analogy, we realize why creating sound effects is a perfectly legitimate practice in maintaining realism.
- It is a statue cast in bronze and shows both realism of style and undoubted symbolic ritual function.
- So I want to treat this as a piece of realism rather than the picturesque tradition, which tends to depict an idealised version of English heritage.
- Regardless of whether or not one accepts Loach's version of reality, his dedication to realism is laudable.
- Each stroke he made with the brush was incredibly painstaking, because he had to match it up precisely in order to give it a certain amount of realism.
- The more you look for details, cues and fakes, the more you add to the realism of the situation.
- Although it did cover social issues, they argued that this was merely an inevitable consequence of its commitment to realism, rather than something which they self-consciously set out to do.
- At the same time, the over-exaggeration of torque when taxiing in planes seems to be a developer's nuance rather than actual realism.
Synonyms
authenticity, fidelity, verisimilitude, truthfulness, faithfulness, naturalism
1. 2.1 (in art and literature) the movement or style of representing familiar things as they actually are.
  （文学和艺术用语）现实主义，写实主义。常与IDEALISM （义项1）相对
  Often contrasted with idealism (sense 1)
  Example sentencesExamples
  We're not dealing with realism in those sections, where the actors are masked.
  Now continue and stop imposing realism on this deeply realism-resistant work.
  What is realism as understood by the theoretician of art?
  However, if the narratives make a claim for social realism, then they also acknowledge the limits of realism as a representational mode.
  Show entries range in style from realism to the very abstract.
  Later, I shall deal with issues of idealism and realism in African film productions.
  First, there was renewed interest in realism from the larger art community.
  These discoveries about the earliest form of genre painting in Italy open up the topic of realism in the seicento to further scrutiny.
  They produced masterpieces of American realism, and that realism was the kiss of death: it offered little to Theory.
  Wright was committed to the practice of modern realism and radical modernism.
  It belongs rather to that tradition of artistic realism that stakes its claim to truth on calculated departures from familiar modes of seeing and knowing.
  Poynton's arrant realism provides echoes of Lucian Freud, Stanley Spencer, Eric Fischl and Philip Pearlstein.
  The artist's style combines heroic realism with a restrained delicacy of expression that places him among the best of the century's monument makers.
  The occasion emphasized continuity with an admired past, but these composers' operas embraced a new style of realism (known as verismo).
  And though realism in equine art is popular, some artists say they have found great success in more abstract styles.
  For the most part, it falls into two broad categories or camps: the various forms of literary realism, and the various gambits of postmodernism.
  Within the context of art, say of realism versus expressionism, you can have a realistic body or an expressionistic body.
  My preference for styles is realism to modern art, but learning how to achieve different art forms is interesting.
  By about 1930, many artists who in the 1910s and early 1920s employed an abstract style had turned to realism.
  Though the prose is nicely formed and sometimes beautiful, the world created often veers more closely to romantic fantasy than literary realism.
3Philosophy
The doctrine that universals or abstract concepts have an objective or absolute existence. The theory that universals have their own reality is sometimes called Platonic realism because it was first outlined by Plato's doctrine of “forms” or ideas.
〔哲〕唯实论（认为共相或抽象概念客观或绝对存在的学说；共相具有自身实在性的理论有时称作“柏拉图唯实论”，因为这一理论最早是根据柏拉图有关“形式”或理念的学说概括出来的）。常与NOMINALISM 相对
Often contrasted with nominalism
Example sentencesExamples
- Another aim is to show that the problem of direct realism versus indirect realism is of importance for the ontological analysis of social reality.
- Thus, the ontological eliminative structuralism inherits the problems and potential solutions of realism in ontology (platonism).
- What it seems that we have done is to locate ourselves more decisively on one side of the continental divide of the old Christian world, between realism and nominalism.
- That means the status of strings in string theory in physics can become a philosophical topic by way of discussions of realism and nominalism.
- Some commentators have thought that Descartes is committed to a species of Platonic realism.
- The position of entity realism is that at least some of the cognitive objects discussed in scientific theories do exist.
- I must confess that I have always found the concept of symbolic realism to be somewhat disconcerting.
- Other terms for this ontology are pluralistic realism and transcendental realism.
- The alternative between a theological and an independent theory of ethics is, he holds, the alternative between ethical nominalism and realism.
- There's little indication of the available range of ethical theories, from crude emotivism to Platonic realism, from McDowellian objectivism to virtue theory.
1. 3.1 The doctrine that matter as the object of perception has real existence and is neither reducible to universal mind or spirit nor dependent on a perceiving agent.
  实在主义，实在论（认为作为感知对象的物质真实地存在而且既不可还原为一般的思想或精神也不依赖于感知者的学说）。常与IDEALISM （义项2）相对
  Often contrasted with idealism (sense 2)
  Example sentencesExamples
  Peirce's realism attempted to embrace both the constructions of the mind and the mind's interface with reality through perception.
  Many contemporary philosophers see the ultimate triumph of atomism as a victory for realism over positivism.
  She argues that ontological realism about a type of entity is justified if the objective existence of the entities is part of our best explanation of the world.
  It is therefore not surprising that commentators have wanted to show that properly understood his phenomenology is realist or at least neutral with respect to realism and idealism.
  A large number of people said that the real was the measurable, which could be a sign of realism, operationalism, or hermeneutical realism.
  The controversy in metaphysics between idealism and realism is that, for the idealist, nothing exists independently of the mind.
  Abelard defends his thesis that universals are nothing but words by arguing that ontological realism about universals is incoherent.

单词	realism
释义	Definition of realism in English: realism noun ˈrɪəlɪz(ə)mˈri(ə)ˌlɪzəm mass noun 1The attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly. 现实，现实性；现实的态度（或做法）；注重实际的倾向 the summit was marked by a new mood of realism 这次峰会的显著特点是一种新的务实心态。 Example sentencesExamples A certain notion of realism began not only to prescribe what could now happen, but to airbrush out what had actually happened. It is such responses that put Howard a million miles from the toughness and realism his moral certainties are supposed to carry. This should come from within the profession if we are to inculcate a sense of realism and ownership in practices in readiness for mandatory incident reporting. Practical realism must dictate that there is no alternative but to maintain status quo on a permanent basis. An idealist tempered by realism, Holland was a doer, not a doubter. As Jamal Saghir was saying, there's now much more realism about what the private sector can and can't deliver in the developing world. Whenever questioned about the perilous financial predicament he always maintained a sense of diplomacy and realism about the situation. What we want is the ability to recognise the difference between situations that call for optimism, trying harder, and the situations that call for realism and pessimism. Yet when assessing the current situation, realism is also required, as well as precision about what is actually taking place. Before we all get too carried away it has to be said that his announcement was guided as much by healthy realism as by altruism. On the other hand, a certain level of realism has turned in. Mr Douglas has come out with the classic cringe which believes pessimism, or realism as he would no doubt like to call it, is an inherently Scottish state of mind. If the Tories have the courage to take this principled stance and the wit to argue their case coherently, they might well find a resonance in the country, where there is a new, angry mood of realism. It is not the kindness of this prince's heart but the piercing realism of Machiavelli that has produced this morally preferable outcome. This article is completely atypical in its brutal realism about the situation in Saudi Arabia. The journey from apathy to realism is a long, tedious one. Through discussions with the party he became convinced that post-strike realism would make nationalists accept a deal confined to Northern Ireland. It is generous in its scope, but the generosity is based on long-term realism and the proposition that reform and change is not only necessary, but unavoidable. Mr Rogers hopes this development may bring a greater sense of realism to a situation which ‘has been as cracked as a dropping pot for at least a decade now’. She also says that students need to balance feeling secure on campus with a sense of caution and realism. Synonyms pragmatism, practicality, matter-of-factness, common sense, level-headedness, clear-sightedness 1.1 The view that the subject matter of politics is political power, not matters of principle. 权力实用主义 political realism is the oldest approach to global politics 政治权力主义是最古老的全球政治方法。 Example sentencesExamples Australia's defence and security planners view the world around us through the relatively narrow lens of power-politics' realism and respond accordingly. Unity, flexibility, realism and political acumen are the crying needs of the hour. The foreign policy of the Voronin administration over the past three years has been based on the classic principles of realism. Although criticised by many at that time for being too soft, it was in essence a policy based on realism and aimed at liberating India to play a larger role in the world. In the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th, Europe advocated realism and practiced power politics. His views on these issues, and those recently proclaimed by former Labor prime minister Bob Hawke, show both informed realism and political courage. On my second reading of it the ideas are much clearer, and I find myself increasingly amazed at the uniqueness and political realism of the Marxist worldview and analysis. Making allies of the enemies of democracy because they share putative interests with us is, in other words, not realism but foolish self-deception. Like most arguments about realism in politics, this is a dubious one. Now the six-party dialogue is beginning to inject a new dose of realism into Pyongyang's policy. But political realism dictates that this change cannot be accomplished directly; it must proceed via a series of transititional stages. To a large extent Jordan's success was due to the pragmatism and political realism of King Abdullah. His prognosis, then, was based upon the hope that Hitler would - at least for a time - share his own perspective on political and military realism in Europe. Political realism that determines the goals of geo-politics confronts nations with a situation where military security is equally essential. To recognize that war is inevitable is not pessimism, but political realism. But none of that new realism is allowed to affect the doctrine of Britain's independent nuclear deterrent. Third, we need policies that combine realism and compassion. It will also have a different crime rate, divergent patterns of morality, a different standard and notion of what counts as political realism. It is exactly these regularly held elections and the freedom of the press that have brought realism to Russian foreign policy and purged it of ideology. Political realism in essence reduces to the political-ethical principle that might is right. 1.2 The doctrine that the law is better understood by analysis of judges rather than the judgements given. 现实主义法学 modern jurists have tended to underestimate the scope of American legal realism Example sentencesExamples The first to develop was legal realism - basically a group of really cynical judges. Well, the new realism is that juries cannot be trusted in respect of any matter that might be adverse to the accused. This is a kind of legal realism and Anastaplo documents it nicely - or at least Lincoln's awareness of it. The other school of thought is sometimes called positivism, sometimes called legal realism. One could hardly ask for a better example of the legal realism he would so soon consider to be a pernicious and dangerous idea. The Constitution of the United States of America is a majestic old document, but in our age of legal realism the common wisdom is that judges do with it what they want. John Rosenberg thinks I may be understating the degree of liberal legal realism still prevalent. This approach - sometimes known as legal realism - led to some landmark decisions. 2The quality or fact of representing a person or thing in a way that is accurate and true to life. 真实性，真实感；逼真性 While realism in art is often used in the same contexts as naturalism, implying a concern with accurate and objective representation, it also suggests a deliberate rejection of conventionally attractive or appropriate subjects in favour of sincerity and a focus on the unidealized treatment of contemporary life. Specifically, the term is applied to a late 19th-century movement in French painting and literature represented by Gustave Courbet in the former and Balzac, Stendhal, and Flaubert in the latter British soaps will stay because of their gritty realism 英国传统的肥皂剧将会因其一贯的真实感而得以保留下来。 Example sentencesExamples Although it did cover social issues, they argued that this was merely an inevitable consequence of its commitment to realism, rather than something which they self-consciously set out to do. He interweaves a Brechtian political parable with naturalist realism. So I want to treat this as a piece of realism rather than the picturesque tradition, which tends to depict an idealised version of English heritage. And it gives that movie a certain essence, a certain kind of realism. The biological realism of this restricted model is tenuous. She has always been interested in colour and composition rather than realism and believes painting to be a subject in itself, a ‘visual experience of mood and atmosphere’. At the heart of Victorian realistic tendencies was the unraveling of the very practice of realism itself. The more you look for details, cues and fakes, the more you add to the realism of the situation. It is a statue cast in bronze and shows both realism of style and undoubted symbolic ritual function. Regardless of whether or not one accepts Loach's version of reality, his dedication to realism is laudable. Each stroke he made with the brush was incredibly painstaking, because he had to match it up precisely in order to give it a certain amount of realism. The game strives for a certain degree of realism rather than dazzle, and in that I think it has succeeded. The paintings reproduce the photographed features with illusionistic realism while leaving the surrounding heads completely flat. Meanwhile, a number of important African American writers played truant from the school of racial realism. The irony here is that this series achieves a high degree of realism when it deals with medical and surgical emergencies. Adult television has already begun to recognize the public's hunger for fascinating scientific realism. It's a Cold War story based on a Tom Clancy book, so the locations are plentiful and the political intrigue calls for realism. If we return to the gunshot analogy, we realize why creating sound effects is a perfectly legitimate practice in maintaining realism. In Chandler's famous puff for the superiority of the private eye over the classic mystery, its virtue is said to lie in its greater realism. At the same time, the over-exaggeration of torque when taxiing in planes seems to be a developer's nuance rather than actual realism. Synonyms authenticity, fidelity, verisimilitude, truthfulness, faithfulness, naturalism informal telling it like it is 2.1 An artistic or literary movement or style characterized by the representation of people or things as they actually are. （文学和艺术用语）现实主义，写实主义。常与IDEALISM （义项1）相对 Often contrasted with idealism (sense 1) Example sentencesExamples Within the context of art, say of realism versus expressionism, you can have a realistic body or an expressionistic body. These discoveries about the earliest form of genre painting in Italy open up the topic of realism in the seicento to further scrutiny. By about 1930, many artists who in the 1910s and early 1920s employed an abstract style had turned to realism. Show entries range in style from realism to the very abstract. Now continue and stop imposing realism on this deeply realism-resistant work. We're not dealing with realism in those sections, where the actors are masked. And though realism in equine art is popular, some artists say they have found great success in more abstract styles. Wright was committed to the practice of modern realism and radical modernism. However, if the narratives make a claim for social realism, then they also acknowledge the limits of realism as a representational mode. Though the prose is nicely formed and sometimes beautiful, the world created often veers more closely to romantic fantasy than literary realism. They produced masterpieces of American realism, and that realism was the kiss of death: it offered little to Theory. For the most part, it falls into two broad categories or camps: the various forms of literary realism, and the various gambits of postmodernism. The occasion emphasized continuity with an admired past, but these composers' operas embraced a new style of realism (known as verismo). It belongs rather to that tradition of artistic realism that stakes its claim to truth on calculated departures from familiar modes of seeing and knowing. The artist's style combines heroic realism with a restrained delicacy of expression that places him among the best of the century's monument makers. Poynton's arrant realism provides echoes of Lucian Freud, Stanley Spencer, Eric Fischl and Philip Pearlstein. What is realism as understood by the theoretician of art? First, there was renewed interest in realism from the larger art community. My preference for styles is realism to modern art, but learning how to achieve different art forms is interesting. Later, I shall deal with issues of idealism and realism in African film productions. 3Philosophy The doctrine that universals or abstract concepts have an objective or absolute existence. The theory that universals have their own reality is sometimes called Platonic realism because it was first outlined by Plato's doctrine of ‘forms’ or ideas. 〔哲〕唯实论（认为共相或抽象概念客观或绝对存在的学说；共相具有自身实在性的理论有时称作“柏拉图唯实论”，因为这一理论最早是根据柏拉图有关“形式”或理念的学说概括出来的）。常与NOMINALISM 相对 Often contrasted with nominalism Example sentencesExamples Other terms for this ontology are pluralistic realism and transcendental realism. There's little indication of the available range of ethical theories, from crude emotivism to Platonic realism, from McDowellian objectivism to virtue theory. That means the status of strings in string theory in physics can become a philosophical topic by way of discussions of realism and nominalism. The alternative between a theological and an independent theory of ethics is, he holds, the alternative between ethical nominalism and realism. What it seems that we have done is to locate ourselves more decisively on one side of the continental divide of the old Christian world, between realism and nominalism. I must confess that I have always found the concept of symbolic realism to be somewhat disconcerting. Some commentators have thought that Descartes is committed to a species of Platonic realism. The position of entity realism is that at least some of the cognitive objects discussed in scientific theories do exist. Another aim is to show that the problem of direct realism versus indirect realism is of importance for the ontological analysis of social reality. Thus, the ontological eliminative structuralism inherits the problems and potential solutions of realism in ontology (platonism). 3.1 The doctrine that matter as the object of perception has real existence and is neither reducible to universal mind or spirit nor dependent on a perceiving agent. 实在主义，实在论（认为作为感知对象的物质真实地存在而且既不可还原为一般的思想或精神也不依赖于感知者的学说）。常与IDEALISM （义项2）相对 Often contrasted with idealism (sense 2) Example sentencesExamples It is therefore not surprising that commentators have wanted to show that properly understood his phenomenology is realist or at least neutral with respect to realism and idealism. A large number of people said that the real was the measurable, which could be a sign of realism, operationalism, or hermeneutical realism. The controversy in metaphysics between idealism and realism is that, for the idealist, nothing exists independently of the mind. Peirce's realism attempted to embrace both the constructions of the mind and the mind's interface with reality through perception. She argues that ontological realism about a type of entity is justified if the objective existence of the entities is part of our best explanation of the world. Many contemporary philosophers see the ultimate triumph of atomism as a victory for realism over positivism. Abelard defends his thesis that universals are nothing but words by arguing that ontological realism about universals is incoherent. Definition of realism in US English: realism nounˈrē(ə)ˌlizəmˈri(ə)ˌlɪzəm 1The attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly. 现实，现实性；现实的态度（或做法）；注重实际的倾向 the summit was marked by a new mood of realism 这次峰会的显著特点是一种新的务实心态。 Example sentencesExamples It is generous in its scope, but the generosity is based on long-term realism and the proposition that reform and change is not only necessary, but unavoidable. A certain notion of realism began not only to prescribe what could now happen, but to airbrush out what had actually happened. The journey from apathy to realism is a long, tedious one. On the other hand, a certain level of realism has turned in. As Jamal Saghir was saying, there's now much more realism about what the private sector can and can't deliver in the developing world. Before we all get too carried away it has to be said that his announcement was guided as much by healthy realism as by altruism. Whenever questioned about the perilous financial predicament he always maintained a sense of diplomacy and realism about the situation. Mr Douglas has come out with the classic cringe which believes pessimism, or realism as he would no doubt like to call it, is an inherently Scottish state of mind. If the Tories have the courage to take this principled stance and the wit to argue their case coherently, they might well find a resonance in the country, where there is a new, angry mood of realism. What we want is the ability to recognise the difference between situations that call for optimism, trying harder, and the situations that call for realism and pessimism. Yet when assessing the current situation, realism is also required, as well as precision about what is actually taking place. Mr Rogers hopes this development may bring a greater sense of realism to a situation which ‘has been as cracked as a dropping pot for at least a decade now’. Through discussions with the party he became convinced that post-strike realism would make nationalists accept a deal confined to Northern Ireland. This should come from within the profession if we are to inculcate a sense of realism and ownership in practices in readiness for mandatory incident reporting. Practical realism must dictate that there is no alternative but to maintain status quo on a permanent basis. An idealist tempered by realism, Holland was a doer, not a doubter. This article is completely atypical in its brutal realism about the situation in Saudi Arabia. She also says that students need to balance feeling secure on campus with a sense of caution and realism. It is not the kindness of this prince's heart but the piercing realism of Machiavelli that has produced this morally preferable outcome. It is such responses that put Howard a million miles from the toughness and realism his moral certainties are supposed to carry. Synonyms pragmatism, practicality, matter-of-factness, common sense, level-headedness, clear-sightedness 1.1 The view that the subject matter of politics is political power, not matters of principle. 权力实用主义 political realism is the oldest approach to global politics 政治权力主义是最古老的全球政治方法。 Example sentencesExamples But none of that new realism is allowed to affect the doctrine of Britain's independent nuclear deterrent. Now the six-party dialogue is beginning to inject a new dose of realism into Pyongyang's policy. Although criticised by many at that time for being too soft, it was in essence a policy based on realism and aimed at liberating India to play a larger role in the world. On my second reading of it the ideas are much clearer, and I find myself increasingly amazed at the uniqueness and political realism of the Marxist worldview and analysis. To recognize that war is inevitable is not pessimism, but political realism. Political realism that determines the goals of geo-politics confronts nations with a situation where military security is equally essential. But political realism dictates that this change cannot be accomplished directly; it must proceed via a series of transititional stages. His views on these issues, and those recently proclaimed by former Labor prime minister Bob Hawke, show both informed realism and political courage. Like most arguments about realism in politics, this is a dubious one. In the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th, Europe advocated realism and practiced power politics. It will also have a different crime rate, divergent patterns of morality, a different standard and notion of what counts as political realism. Australia's defence and security planners view the world around us through the relatively narrow lens of power-politics' realism and respond accordingly. It is exactly these regularly held elections and the freedom of the press that have brought realism to Russian foreign policy and purged it of ideology. His prognosis, then, was based upon the hope that Hitler would - at least for a time - share his own perspective on political and military realism in Europe. Political realism in essence reduces to the political-ethical principle that might is right. The foreign policy of the Voronin administration over the past three years has been based on the classic principles of realism. Making allies of the enemies of democracy because they share putative interests with us is, in other words, not realism but foolish self-deception. Third, we need policies that combine realism and compassion. Unity, flexibility, realism and political acumen are the crying needs of the hour. To a large extent Jordan's success was due to the pragmatism and political realism of King Abdullah. 2The quality or fact of representing a person, thing, or situation accurately or in a way that is true to life. 真实性，真实感；逼真性 While realism in art is often used in the same contexts as naturalism, implying a concern to depict or describe accurately and objectively, it also suggests a deliberate rejection of conventionally beautiful or appropriate subjects in favor of sincerity and a focus on simple and unidealized treatment of contemporary life. Specifically, the term is applied to a late 19th-century movement in French painting and literature represented by Gustave Courbet in the former and Balzac, Stendhal, and Flaubert in the latter the earthy realism of Raimu's characters Example sentencesExamples It's a Cold War story based on a Tom Clancy book, so the locations are plentiful and the political intrigue calls for realism. In Chandler's famous puff for the superiority of the private eye over the classic mystery, its virtue is said to lie in its greater realism. Adult television has already begun to recognize the public's hunger for fascinating scientific realism. The game strives for a certain degree of realism rather than dazzle, and in that I think it has succeeded. And it gives that movie a certain essence, a certain kind of realism. The paintings reproduce the photographed features with illusionistic realism while leaving the surrounding heads completely flat. Meanwhile, a number of important African American writers played truant from the school of racial realism. At the heart of Victorian realistic tendencies was the unraveling of the very practice of realism itself. The biological realism of this restricted model is tenuous. He interweaves a Brechtian political parable with naturalist realism. She has always been interested in colour and composition rather than realism and believes painting to be a subject in itself, a ‘visual experience of mood and atmosphere’. The irony here is that this series achieves a high degree of realism when it deals with medical and surgical emergencies. If we return to the gunshot analogy, we realize why creating sound effects is a perfectly legitimate practice in maintaining realism. It is a statue cast in bronze and shows both realism of style and undoubted symbolic ritual function. So I want to treat this as a piece of realism rather than the picturesque tradition, which tends to depict an idealised version of English heritage. Regardless of whether or not one accepts Loach's version of reality, his dedication to realism is laudable. Each stroke he made with the brush was incredibly painstaking, because he had to match it up precisely in order to give it a certain amount of realism. The more you look for details, cues and fakes, the more you add to the realism of the situation. Although it did cover social issues, they argued that this was merely an inevitable consequence of its commitment to realism, rather than something which they self-consciously set out to do. At the same time, the over-exaggeration of torque when taxiing in planes seems to be a developer's nuance rather than actual realism. Synonyms authenticity, fidelity, verisimilitude, truthfulness, faithfulness, naturalism 2.1 (in art and literature) the movement or style of representing familiar things as they actually are. （文学和艺术用语）现实主义，写实主义。常与IDEALISM （义项1）相对 Often contrasted with idealism (sense 1) Example sentencesExamples We're not dealing with realism in those sections, where the actors are masked. Now continue and stop imposing realism on this deeply realism-resistant work. What is realism as understood by the theoretician of art? However, if the narratives make a claim for social realism, then they also acknowledge the limits of realism as a representational mode. Show entries range in style from realism to the very abstract. Later, I shall deal with issues of idealism and realism in African film productions. First, there was renewed interest in realism from the larger art community. These discoveries about the earliest form of genre painting in Italy open up the topic of realism in the seicento to further scrutiny. They produced masterpieces of American realism, and that realism was the kiss of death: it offered little to Theory. Wright was committed to the practice of modern realism and radical modernism. It belongs rather to that tradition of artistic realism that stakes its claim to truth on calculated departures from familiar modes of seeing and knowing. Poynton's arrant realism provides echoes of Lucian Freud, Stanley Spencer, Eric Fischl and Philip Pearlstein. The artist's style combines heroic realism with a restrained delicacy of expression that places him among the best of the century's monument makers. The occasion emphasized continuity with an admired past, but these composers' operas embraced a new style of realism (known as verismo). And though realism in equine art is popular, some artists say they have found great success in more abstract styles. For the most part, it falls into two broad categories or camps: the various forms of literary realism, and the various gambits of postmodernism. Within the context of art, say of realism versus expressionism, you can have a realistic body or an expressionistic body. My preference for styles is realism to modern art, but learning how to achieve different art forms is interesting. By about 1930, many artists who in the 1910s and early 1920s employed an abstract style had turned to realism. Though the prose is nicely formed and sometimes beautiful, the world created often veers more closely to romantic fantasy than literary realism. 3Philosophy The doctrine that universals or abstract concepts have an objective or absolute existence. The theory that universals have their own reality is sometimes called Platonic realism because it was first outlined by Plato's doctrine of “forms” or ideas. 〔哲〕唯实论（认为共相或抽象概念客观或绝对存在的学说；共相具有自身实在性的理论有时称作“柏拉图唯实论”，因为这一理论最早是根据柏拉图有关“形式”或理念的学说概括出来的）。常与NOMINALISM 相对 Often contrasted with nominalism Example sentencesExamples Another aim is to show that the problem of direct realism versus indirect realism is of importance for the ontological analysis of social reality. Thus, the ontological eliminative structuralism inherits the problems and potential solutions of realism in ontology (platonism). What it seems that we have done is to locate ourselves more decisively on one side of the continental divide of the old Christian world, between realism and nominalism. That means the status of strings in string theory in physics can become a philosophical topic by way of discussions of realism and nominalism. Some commentators have thought that Descartes is committed to a species of Platonic realism. The position of entity realism is that at least some of the cognitive objects discussed in scientific theories do exist. I must confess that I have always found the concept of symbolic realism to be somewhat disconcerting. Other terms for this ontology are pluralistic realism and transcendental realism. The alternative between a theological and an independent theory of ethics is, he holds, the alternative between ethical nominalism and realism. There's little indication of the available range of ethical theories, from crude emotivism to Platonic realism, from McDowellian objectivism to virtue theory. 3.1 The doctrine that matter as the object of perception has real existence and is neither reducible to universal mind or spirit nor dependent on a perceiving agent. 实在主义，实在论（认为作为感知对象的物质真实地存在而且既不可还原为一般的思想或精神也不依赖于感知者的学说）。常与IDEALISM （义项2）相对 Often contrasted with idealism (sense 2) Example sentencesExamples Peirce's realism attempted to embrace both the constructions of the mind and the mind's interface with reality through perception. Many contemporary philosophers see the ultimate triumph of atomism as a victory for realism over positivism. She argues that ontological realism about a type of entity is justified if the objective existence of the entities is part of our best explanation of the world. It is therefore not surprising that commentators have wanted to show that properly understood his phenomenology is realist or at least neutral with respect to realism and idealism. A large number of people said that the real was the measurable, which could be a sign of realism, operationalism, or hermeneutical realism. The controversy in metaphysics between idealism and realism is that, for the idealist, nothing exists independently of the mind. Abelard defends his thesis that universals are nothing but words by arguing that ontological realism about universals is incoherent.
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