keep

Word family noun keep keeper keeping keepershipkeep fitkeepnetkeepsakeadjective kept keepablekeeperlessverb keep

keep1 /kiːp/ S1 W1 verb (past tensepst and past participlepp kept /kept/)

1 not change 不改变 [linking verb, transitiveT]CONTINUE/NOT STOP to stay in a particular state, condition, or position, or to make someone or something do this (使)保持，(使)处于

keep (somebody/something) warm/safe/dry etc

We huddled around the fire to keep warm.

我们挤在火堆边取暖。

keep calm/awake/sane etc

I was struggling to keep awake.

我努力不让自己睡着。

keep something clean/tidy

Keep your room tidy.

保持房间整洁。

keep somebody busy/amused/occupied

some toys to keep the kids amused

一些供孩子消遣的玩具

You won’t be able to keep it secret forever.

你不可能永远保密下去。

Peter cycles to work to keep fit.

为了保持健康，彼得骑自行车上班。

Don’t keep us in suspense any longer!

别再让我们心里悬着了！

keep (somebody/something) away/back/off/out etc

The police put up barriers to keep the crowds back.

警方设置了障碍物来挡住人群。

If I were you, I’d keep away from that area at night.

要是我的话，晚上就不会去那个地区。

a sign saying ‘Danger: Keep Out’

写着“危险，请勿靠近”字样的告示牌

The little boy kept close to his mother.

那个小男孩总黏着他妈妈。

keep (somebody) out of something

Keep him out of trouble.

别让他闯祸。

You keep out of this, Mother (=do not get involved). It’s no concern of yours.

妈妈，这事你别掺和。不关你的事。

How can I cut your hair if you won’t keep still!

你老是动来动去的，叫我怎么给你剪头发！

keep left/right (=stay to the left or right of a path or road as you move) 靠左侧/右侧〔行走〕

keep somebody/something doing something

Jane kept the engine running.

简让引擎保持运转。

n GRAMMAR: Linking verbs

Keep is used as a linking verb in this meaning. It links the subject of the sentence with an adjective:

I try to keep busy.

The fruit will keep fresh for several weeks.

2 continue doing STH 继续做某事 [intransitiveI] (also keep on)KEEP DOING something to continue doing something or to do the same thing many times 继续；重复

keep (on) doing something

I keep thinking about Joe, all alone in that place.

我老是想到乔，他独自一人在那种地方。

I keep telling you, but you won’t listen!

我一再跟你说，但你就是不肯听！

She pretended not to hear, and kept on walking.

她假装没听见，继续往前走。

5Do not say keep up doing something. Say keep doing something or keep on doing something.

不要说 keep up doing something. 而要说 keep doing something 或 keep on doing something.

n Grammar

Keep is followed by an -ing form, not an infinitive. You say:

He kept talking to me.

✗Don’t say: He kept to talk to me.

3 not give back 不归还 [transitiveT]KEEP/CONTINUE TO HAVE to have something and not give it back to the person who had it before 保留，留下，留着

You can keep it. I don’t need it anymore.

你留着吧，我不需要了。

4 not lose 不丢失 [transitiveT]KEEP/CONTINUE TO HAVE to continue to have something and not lose it or get rid of it 保留，留着

We decided to keep our old car instead of selling it.

我们决定留着我们的旧汽车不卖。

I kept his letters for years.

我把他的信保留了许多年。

In spite of everything, Robyn’s managed to keep her sense of humor.

尽管发生了这一切，萝宾还是努力保持了她的幽默感。

5 store STH 存放某物 [transitiveT always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]KEEP/STORE to leave something in one particular place so that you can find it easily 存放，储存

Where do you keep your teabags?

你把茶包放哪儿啦？

George kept a bottle of whiskey under his bed.

乔治在床底下放了一瓶威士忌。

6 make SB stay in a place 让某人留在某处 [transitiveT always + adverbadv/prepositionprep] to make someone stay in a place, especially a prison or hospital 监禁，关押，拘留〔尤在监狱或医院里〕

He was kept in prison for a week without charge.

他被关押了一个星期，但没被起诉。

7 delay SB 耽搁某人 [transitiveT]DELAY to delay someone 耽搁，延误

He should be here by now. What’s keeping him?

他现在本该到这儿了，什么事把他耽搁了？

8 do what you promised 遵守诺言 [transitiveT]PROMISE to do what you have promised or agreed to do 遵守，笃守，恪守

keep your word/promise

How do I know you’ll keep your word?

我怎么知道你会说话算话？

patients who fail to keep their appointments

未能如约来就诊的病人

9 keep a secret TELL A SECRETto not tell anyone about a secret that you know 保守秘密

Can I trust you to keep a secret?

我能相信你会保守秘密吗？

Examples from the Corpus

keep a secret• Can you keep a secret?• Most humans are not very good at keeping secrets.• The private key, used to encrypt transmitted information by the user, is kept secret.• The public key is used to decrypt information at the receiver and is not kept secret.• The state gave them to visiting businessmen whose names are being kept secret.• What happened a few miles away was kept secret.• Zhang was killed instantly, although his death was kept secret for a few days.• The relationship was not kept secret from her supervisors.• Richie was in the know but the plan was kept a secret from Midge and Stevie.

10. keep something quiet/keep quiet (about something) to not say anything in order to avoid telling a secret or causing problems 别把某事说出去/(对某事)保密

11. keep a record/account/diary etc REGULARto regularly record written information somewhere 定期记录/记账/写日记等

Examples from the Corpus

keep a record/account/diary etc• A relaxed regime of visiting the lavatory after each main meal and at bedtime is established with the parents keeping a record.• Each day we are to keep a diary.• Tish intends to do some drawing, but is too intent on keeping a diary.• Only one in five departments is believed to keep a record of abuse of adults or the elderly.• There was a chart on the wall that gave some measure of this by keeping a record of math and spelling grades.• One research team keeps a record of which computers are attached to the network at any time.• I must keep records that prove I do all this.

12 keep going

a) keep (somebody) going to have or to give someone enough hope and emotional strength to continue living and doing things in a bad situation (使某人)坚持活下去，(使某人)尽力维持下去

That woman’s been through such a lot – I don’t know how she keeps going.

那女人经历了这么多磨难，我不知道她是怎么坚持下来的。

Her letters were the only thing that kept me going while I was in prison.

我在监狱里的时候，她的信是我坚持下去的唯一动力。

b) keep (something) going if you keep a business, institution, regular event etc going, you keep it open or make it continue to happen 使(某事物)继续下去

The library costs £5 million a year to run, and the council can’t afford to keep it going.

这家图书馆每年经费达500万英镑，市政会无力维持。

c) keep going to continue doing something difficult 坚持做〔困难的事〕

Persevere and keep going until you reach your ideal weight.

咬紧牙关坚持下去，直至达到你的理想体重为止。

d) keep somebody going if something keeps you going, it is enough to satisfy your need while you are waiting to get something bigger or better 使某人支撑下去

I’ll have a biscuit to keep me going until dinner time.

我要吃一块饼干，好支撑到正餐时间。

Examples from the Corpus

keep somebody going• I wondered, as I sat on his bed, how long he could keep this going.• Then I thought, why not keep this going?• When going to the C section keep the snare going.• They just keep going and going, and fighting the company, and doing more and more things.• Thinking of different pressed flower ideas for birthday presents should keep you going for a while!• Rabbit wonders how many animals have died to keep his life going, how many more will die.• It had been the hope which had kept her going through the dawn and early morning.• Her letters were the only things that kept me going while I was a prisoner.• Only those who keep a dialogue going will be able to put in a word for persons in need of intercession.

13 food 食物 [intransitiveI]LAST FOR A PERIOD OF TIMESAME if food keeps, it stays fresh enough to be eaten 保鲜，保持不坏

Eat the salmon because it won’t keep till tomorrow.

把三文鱼吃了吧，搁不到明天的。

14 animals 动物 [transitiveT]OWN to own and look after animals 饲养

We keep chickens and a couple of pigs.

我们养了一些鸡和几头猪。

15 stop other people from using STH 不让别人使用某物 [transitiveT] to stop other people from using something, so that it is available for someone 保留，留下 SYN save

Will you keep a seat for me?

你能否给我留个座位？

16 keep somebody waiting to make someone wait before you meet them or see them 让某人等候

Sorry to keep you waiting – I got stuck in a meeting.

很抱歉让你久等了，我刚开会脱不了身。

Examples from the Corpus

keep somebody waiting• She was annoyed because she had been kept waiting.• Lott kept us waiting for 40 minutes while he attended another meeting.

17. keep guard/watch PROTECTCAREFULto guard a place or watch around you all the time 守护/监视

Examples from the Corpus

keep guard/watch• I told my friend Bridget it was up to us to keep watch.• Mcduff came with him to sit in the shelves and they took it in turns to keep watch.• Now do stuff that will make us want to keep watching.• The trick was to keep watching.• Capshaw sent him out the back door to avoid whoever it was keeping guard in the front.• He kept watching out the window of the rear door.• Its highly flexible neck enables it to keep watch over a wide area while it is both searching for and chasing prey.• He climbed to the top of the fence and looked around to see if there was some one keeping watch there as well.

18. shop 商店 [transitiveT] British EnglishBrE old-fashionedOWN to own a small business and work in it 开设，经营〔小商店〕

19 provide SB with things 为某人提供东西 [transitiveT]LOOK AFTER somebody to provide someone with money, food etc 供养，抚养，养活

He did not earn enough to keep a wife and children.

他赚的钱不够养活妻儿。

keep somebody in something

There’s enough money there to keep you in champagne for a year!

那些钱够你喝上一年的香槟！

20 protect 保护 [transitiveT] formalPROTECT to guard or protect someone 护卫，保护

The Lord bless you and keep you.

上帝赐福于你并保佑你。

His only thought was to keep the child from harm.

他唯一的念头就是要保护孩子不受到伤害。

21. keep goal/wicket to be the player in a team whose job is to protect the goal or wicket 守门/防守三柱门 → goalkeeper, wicket keeper

Examples from the Corpus

keep goal/wicket• Cracked willow pattern contains the lobster, scraping its claws like some one crouched to keep wicket at Lord's.

SPOKEN PHRASES

22 keep quiet used to tell someone not to say anything or make any noise 请安静，别说话

Keep quiet! I’m trying to watch the game.

安静！我要看比赛。

Examples from the Corpus

keep quiet• But the story is too big to be kept quiet.• He heard his wife cursing Biddy inside the house, shouting for the animal to keep quiet.• Listening to them, I was taught to keep quiet.• The people may disagree; but they keep quiet.• Parotti had threatened to expose the illegal arrangements unless he was paid $50,000 to keep quiet.• She'd been brutally murdered to keep her quiet.• We used to keep quiet about some of the things that went on in the prison.• I wish I'd kept quiet about the money.• We'd better keep quiet about this for now.• And if you wanted it kept quiet, again it would be entirely up to you.• Some people disagree with what the government is doing, but they keep quiet for fear of reprisals.• Keep quiet! I'm trying to hear what your brother has to say.• The minister denied that the case had been kept quiet or hidden.• I think they should have kept quiet over that.• Turning worried eyes on him, tempted to keep quiet, she sighed.• The disciples kept quiet telling nothing of what they had seen at that time to anyone.• It was like they were trying to pay me off for keeping quiet, to bribe me to look the other way.• We can give you a 10% raise, but not the others -- so keep it quiet, won't you?

23 how are you keeping? used to ask if someone is well 过得如何？过得怎么样？

‘Hi, Mark! How are you keeping?’ ‘Oh, not so bad.’

“嗨，马克！你怎么样？”“噢，马马虎虎。”

24. keep your hair/shirt on! used to tell someone to be more calm, patient etc 保持冷静！耐心点！

25 somebody can keep something used to say that you do not want or are not interested in something 由某人去做某事〔表示你对某事不感兴趣〕

She can keep her wild parties and posh friends – I like the quiet life.

随她去参加各种狂野派对、交富贵朋友吧，我喜欢过安静的生活。

26 it’ll keep used to say that you can tell someone something or do something later 以后告诉你；以后再做

‘I don’t have time to listen now.’ ‘Don’t worry, it’ll keep.’

“我现在没时间听。”“别担心，以后再告诉你。”

Examples from the Corpus

it’ll keep• "I don't have time to listen now." "Don't worry, it'll keep."

n THESAURUS – Meaning 5: to leave something in one particular place so that you can find it easily

keep to leave something in one particular place so that you can find it easily

Where do you keep the scissors?

The keys are kept in my office.

store to put things away and keep them until you need them

Villagers have begun storing wood for the winter.

save to keep something so that you can use or enjoy it in the future

He had been saving the bottle of champagne for a special occasion.

We can save the rest of the pie for later.

file to store papers or information in a particular order or a particular place

All the contracts are filed alphabetically.

collect to get and keep objects of the same type because you think they are attractive or interesting

Kate collects old postcards.

hold to keep something to be used when it is needed, especially something that many different people may need to use

Medical records are now usually held on computers.

reserve formal to keep part of something for use at a later time during a process such as cooking

Reserve some of the chocolate so that you can use it for decorating the cake.

hoard to keep large amounts of food, money etc because you think you may not be able to get them in the future – used when you do not approve of people doing this because it is not necessary or not fair to other people

People have been hoarding food and fuel in case there is another attack.

Rationing of basic food products was introduced to prevent hoarding.

PHRASAL VERBS

27 keep at something phrasal verbphr v

a) keep at it spokenCONTINUE/NOT STOP to continue to do something, although it is difficult or hard work 坚持干，继续苦干

I know it’s hard, but keep at it! Don’t give up!

我知道这不容易，但要坚持下去！别放弃！

b) keep somebody at somethingWORK HARD to force someone to continue to work hard and not let them stop 强迫某人继续苦干某事

Examples from the Corpus

keep at • The animals were kept at 20°C, 50% humidity and a light/dark cycle of 12/12 hours.• The population were kept at a pre-technological level of civilization, with android advisers to make their lives easy.• Velvet can be kept at bay by good husbandry.• As a criticism of the modern world, Fantasia of the Unconscious is a book to keep at hand and re-read.• In those optimistic times, the commission thought that if they just kept at it they could eventually eradicate the gypsy moth.• Getting a novel published has inspired White to keep at it.• Hence Phoenix always keeps at least two of its garbage districts in public hands-so it will always have the capacity to compete.• We kept at them and finally wore them down.

28 keep back phrasal verbphr v

a) TELL A SECRET keep something ↔ back to deliberately not tell someone all that you know about something 隐瞒某事

I got the feeling he was keeping something back.

我感觉他隐瞒着一些事情。

b) keep something ↔ back to not show your feelings, even though you want to very much 抑制，控制〔情感〕

She was struggling to keep back the tears.

她在强忍泪水。

c) keep somebody ↔ back to prevent someone from being as successful as they could be 阻止[妨碍]某人发展[进步] SYN hold back

Fear and stereotypes have kept women back for centuries.

恐惧和陈规已经束缚了女性数百年。

d) keep something ↔ back especially British EnglishBrESAVE something TO USE LATER to not give or pay something that you were going to give 保留[扣留]某物

They kept back some of his wages to pay for the damage.

他们扣下了他的一部分工资来赔偿损失。

Examples from the Corpus

keep back• I got the feeling he was keeping something back.• A two, a failing grade, would mean being kept back a year, to study with smaller children.• The two were not separated until Dan was kept back at Groton so Harry could enter Harvard first.• Although most of the facts were published the government kept back certain details that might prove embarrassing.• Most farmers are able to keep back enough of their crop for their own use.• Keep a small amount of icing back for the other cake.• I must now confess something which I kept back from you earlier.• I try to explain this to Professor Sano, working hard to keep back the tears.

keep back the tears• I try to explain this to Professor Sano, working hard to keep back the tears.• She sniffed, trying to keep back the tears.

29 keep somebody/something ↔ down phrasal verbphr v

a) PREVENTto prevent the size, cost, or quantity of something from increasing or being too great 控制[限制]…增长

We need to keep costs down.

我们需要控制成本。

b) SICK/VOMITto succeed in keeping food in your stomach, instead of bringing it up again out of your mouth, when you are ill 使…不吐出，使…不呕吐

I could hardly keep anything down for about three days.

大概有三天时间，我几乎是吃什么吐什么。

c) used to ask someone to make less noise 使…安静点，使…轻声点

Keep your voice down – she’ll hear you!

小点声，她会听到的！

Can you keep it down – I’m trying to work.

你能不能安静一点，我要工作。

d) to prevent a group of people from becoming as successful and powerful as the other people in a society 压制，控制

Plantation owners kept slaves down by refusing them an education.

种植园主不让奴隶受教育，以此来控制他们。

Examples from the Corpus

keep down• For most people a good book is a necessity when travelling, choose a paperback to keep the weight down.• He was all in favour of anything that kept their costs down.• Pete and Chrissie's baby couldn't keep its food down.• The turbocharger is water cooled and its vanes are small to keep inertia down.• You lose their attention if you keep staring down at the papers in your hand.• She forgot the excitement down below, she forgot the misunderstanding that had kept them silent down the gulch.• He kept his head down under fire, avoided trouble, trusted in luck to keep him alive.• Although the blown rubber keeps there weight down, wear patterns after 300 and 400 miles seem to bear out this view.

keep it down• Stevens brought Sierra Leone down, Taylor keeps it down.• A lump came to my throat and I had to eat something to keep it down.• Can you girls keep it down?• Some one in the next room shrieked at her to keep it down.• You oughta learn to keep it down, boy.• I can't keep it down here with my wife and children.• May I keep it down here?• Keep it down! I'm trying to talk on the phone!• Hey you guys - keep it down, or Mom'll hear!• Some said she was obsessed with her weight and determined to keep it down to under six stones.• Keep it down, will you? We're trying to sleep.

30 keep from phrasal verbphr v

a) keep (somebody/something) from somethingPREVENT to prevent someone from doing something or prevent something from happening 不让(某人)做某事；不让(某事)发生

keep somebody from (doing) something

His ex-wife had kept him from seeing his children.

他的前妻不让他看孩子。

I hope I haven’t kept you from your work.

希望我没有妨碍你工作。

keep something from doing something

Put the pizza in the bottom of the oven to keep the cheese from burning.

把比萨饼放在烤箱底部，以免奶酪烤煳。

keep (yourself) from doing something

The play was so boring I could hardly keep myself from falling asleep.

这出戏太乏味了，我差点睡着。

b) keep something from somebodyTELL A SECRET to prevent someone from knowing something, by deliberately not telling them about it 不让某人知道某事，对某人隐瞒某事 SYN withhold

The government had wanted to keep this information from the public.

政府本想对公众隐瞒这一消息。

Examples from the Corpus

keep from• They can be kept from behaving badly towards each money.• I knew that l would have to do everything I could to keep from being anxious or desperate.• Gabriel had to bite his cheeks to keep from bursting out laughing.• Not, that is, if the flat tax exempts enough income to keep from crunching the poor.• How is a person to keep from eating delicious food if it will later make him sick?• I had to brace myself against the side to keep from getting sucked into the overheated pit he created with his body.• Herman says that her sisters have deliberately been kept from him.• Norm said, and it was all she could do to keep from slapping that fresh mouth of his.

keep (yourself) from doing something• Gabriel had to bite his cheeks to keep from bursting out laughing.• He had to stomp hard on the crust of ice with each step in order to keep from falling.• Herman says that her sisters have deliberately been kept from him.• I was singled out and kept from getting on a plane because of my name and for no other reason.• In spite of all I could do, it was getting tough to keep from getting lost.• The language helper needs to be kept from being bored, too.• The spiritual riches of a full life are kept from the sufferer while the therapist colludes with the addictive disease itself.• What else might she be keeping from him?

31 keep somebody in phrasal verbphr v

a) to make someone stay in hospital because they are too ill to go home 让〔某人〕留院

They kept her in overnight for observation.

他们让她留院观察一夜。

b) KEEP somebody IN A PLACE British EnglishBrE to force someone to stay inside, especially as a punishment in school 使〔某人〕留在屋里；〔尤指〕罚〔某人〕课后留校

32 keep in with somebody phrasal verbphr v British EnglishBrE FRIENDLYto try to stay friendly with someone, especially because this helps you 与〔某人〕友好相处〔尤因这样做对自己有利〕

It’s a good idea to keep in with the boss.

与老板维持良好关系是个好主意。

Examples from the Corpus

keep in with • Why not keep in with the people who really run racing, the villains?• Earn your freedom by behaving well and keeping in with your owner.

33 keep off phrasal verbphr v

a) keep something ↔ offPREVENT to prevent something from touching or harming something 使不碰到；使避开

She held an old piece of cloth over them both to keep the rain off.

她拿着一块旧布盖在他俩身上挡雨。

keep something off something

How are we going to keep the flies off this food?

我们怎样才能不让苍蝇飞到食物上去？

b) keep your hands off somebody/something used to tell someone not to touch someone or something 别碰某人/某物

Keep your hands off me!

别碰我！

c) keep (somebody) off something to not eat, drink, or take something that is bad for you, or to stop someone else from eating, drinking, or taking it (使某人)不去吃[喝，服用]有害的东西

Keep off fatty foods.

不吃高脂食物。

a programme aimed at keeping teenagers off drugs

一项旨在使青少年远离毒品的计划

d) keep off something especially British EnglishBrE to avoid talking about a particular subject, especially so that you do not upset someone 避开某一话题〔以免激怒别人〕 SYN avoid, stay off

e) keep something ↔ off if you keep weight off, you do not get heavier again after you have lost weight 〔减肥后〕使体重保持稳定

f) NOT DO something British EnglishBrE if rain keeps off, it does not fall 〔雨〕未下

Examples from the Corpus

keep your hands off somebody/something• The government should keep its hands off content.• Couldn't keep our hands off each other.• They had been unable to keep their hands off each other.• But today with his mind too preoccupied to work he seemed quite unable to keep his hands off it.• And keep your hands off Maria.• They should stay out where they belong - keep their hands off our people.• I could not keep my hands off them.

34 keep on phrasal verbphr v

a) CONTINUE/NOT STOPto continue doing something, or to do something many times 继续；反复做

keep on doing something

You just have to keep on trying.

你只得继续努力。

b) keep somebody ↔ onKEEP/CONTINUE TO HAVE to continue to employ someone, especially for longer than you had planned 继续雇用某人，留用某人〔尤指比原定时间长〕

If you’re good, they might keep you on after Christmas.

你如果表现不错，圣诞节后他们或许还会接着用你。

c) British EnglishBrE informalTALK TO somebody to talk continuously about something or repeat something many times, in a way that is annoying 唠叨，纠缠不休 SYN go on

about

There’s no need to keep on and on about it!

没必要对这件事纠缠不休！

If I didn’t keep on at the children, they’d never do their homework.

要不是我盯着孩子们，他们永远不会做家庭作业。

Examples from the Corpus

keep on• The treadmill is the hardest, but I keep on.• I kept on at the council, but it wasn't easy to get a council flat in those days.• We cannot guarantee that we will be able to keep you on at the end of your contract.• In the world of aviation, aircraft are not kept on by airline or airfreight operators out of sentiment.• Considering the price fetched by presidential autographs, this gift could keep on giving.• Well, something like the churning of the Nile River, which keeps on recreating the fertile farmlands at her delta.• It was less than satisfying; and yet as his due date neared he kept on, sometimes all night.• It seems a lot of these companies want to get rid of the old ones and keep on the young ones.

keep on doing something• Considering the price fetched by presidential autographs, this gift could keep on giving.• He kept on telling himself how short the distance.• I kept on at the council, but it wasn't easy to get a council flat in those days.• In the world of aviation, aircraft are not kept on by airline or airfreight operators out of sentiment.• It was less than satisfying; and yet as his due date neared he kept on, sometimes all night.• The treadmill is the hardest, but I keep on.• Well, something like the churning of the Nile River, which keeps on recreating the fertile farmlands at her delta.

keep at• It's just a matter of keeping on at her.• He had a bad leg and they kept on at him to hurry up.• Please don't keep on at me.• I kept on at the council, but it wasn't easy to get a council flat in those days.• Only 125 staff will be kept on at the Junction making washing machines.• If I didn't keep on at them, homework would never get done. 6.

35 keep to something phrasal verbphr v

a) STAY/NOT LEAVEto stay on a particular road, course, piece of ground etc 不离开〔某一道路、方向、地方等〕

It’s best to keep to the paths.

最好沿着小路走。

b) OBEYto do what has been decided in an agreement or plan, or what is demanded by law 遵守，遵从

Keep to the speed limits.

遵守限速规定。

c) keep to the point/subject etc to talk or write only about the subject you are supposed to be talking about 紧扣要点/主题等

d) keep something to somethingPREVENT to prevent an amount, degree, or level from becoming higher than it should 把某物限定在〔某一数量、程度或水平上〕

Costs must be kept to a minimum.

成本必须降到最低。

e) keep something to yourself to not tell anyone about something 对某事保密，绝口不提某事

I’d appreciate it if you kept it to yourself.

如果你能对此事保密，我不胜感激。

f) keep to yourself (also keep yourself to yourself British English)TELL A SECRET to live a very quiet private life and not do many things that involve other people 离群索居，不与人来往

Examples from the Corpus

keep to the point/subject etc• De Quincey was no master of keeping to the point.• Nothing is more irritating than people who do not keep to the point and talk for too long.• Come straight to the point and keep to the point are the golden rules of letter writing.

be kept to a minimum• Movement in a punt should always be kept to a minimum.• We hope the court proceedings will be concluded quickly, so that the period of uncertainty is kept to a minimum.• You're not expected to input anything too obscure though, so frustrations in this respect are kept to a minimum.• Purely in order to minimise costs, drafting meetings should be kept to a minimum and should wherever possible be restricted.• The trouble was kept to a minimum as much because of the novelty of the situation as anything else.• Conflict is kept to a minimum by allowing such groups to share power.• It can be kept to a minimum by proper safety guidelines, of which there seem to be plenty.• Packaging was kept to a minimum for counter-service shopping for two main reasons.

keep something to yourself• So don't keep it all to yourself!• We went out and tied bricks to him and put him down and we kept it to ourselves.• Don't tell Sam -- he's incapable of keeping anything to himself.• I've got cancer, but I would appreciate if you would keep this to yourself.• After all, what right have they to keep it to themselves?• But she kept them to herself.• She wouldn't say even then but I plagued her a bit till she couldn't keep it to herself any longer.• Branson knew who the killer was, but had kept it to himself for twenty years.• She kept the pregnancy to herself - or rather kept it from herself, and from everyone else, for too long.• Never a woman to keep her thoughts to herself, she told him how comfortable she felt in his company.• Share information - don't keep everything to yourself; there is no advantage to this. 5.

keep to yourself• I watched her drive out on to the highway, thinking many things which are better kept to myself.• Of course, the Little Sprouts and the Plumpsters could have kept to themselves.• She keeps to her room, keeps to herself.• The sympathy she showed Karen; the relief she kept to herself.• Whatever problems he had faced in their life together he had kept to himself.• His frustration he tried to keep to himself but it hovered about him until it shaded and finally swallowed him.• Mandeville kept to himself, fretting about Southgate and when the additional soldiers would arrive.• If they kept to themselves, the whole northern end of the area might as well be written off.

36 keep up phrasal verbphr v

a) keep something ↔ upCONTINUE/NOT STOP to continue doing something 将某事继续[坚持]下去

I don’t think I can keep this up any longer.

我觉得我再也无法坚持下去了。

keep up the good work! (=continue to work hard and well) 继续好好干下去吧！

b) if a situation keeps up, it continues without stopping or changing 〔情况〕持续，保持 SYN continue

How long can the economic boom keep up?

经济繁荣能持续多久？

c) FAST/QUICKto go as quickly as someone else 跟上，并驾齐驱

with

I had to walk fast to keep up with him.

我要快走才能跟上他。

d) to manage to do as much or as well as other people 跟上，保持同步 OPP fall behind

with

Jack’s having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class.

杰克很难跟上班里的其他同学。

keep up with the Joneses (=try to have the same new impressive possessions that other people have) 与他人攀比

e) LEARNto continue to read and learn about a particular subject, so that you always know about the most recent facts, products etc 跟上，持续了解

with

Employees need to keep up with the latest technical developments.

员工需要跟上最新的技术发展。

f) keep something ↔ up to make something continue at its present level or amount, instead of letting it decrease 继续保持[维持]某事物

NATO kept up the pressure on the Serbs to get out of Kosovo.

北约继续对塞尔维亚人施加压力，敦促他们撤出科索沃。

g) UPif one process keeps up with another, it increases at the same speed and by the same amount 跟上，与…同步

with

Food production is not keeping up with population growth.

粮食产量未能跟上人口增长的速度。

h) keep something ↔ up to continue to practise a skill so that you do not lose it 坚持练习某事物

I used to speak French, but I haven’t kept it up.

我以前会说法语，但是没有坚持练习。

i) keep somebody up informalSLEEP to prevent someone from going to bed 不让某人睡觉

I hope I’m not keeping you up.

希望我没有耽误你睡觉。

j) keep your spirits/strength/morale etc upCONTINUE/NOT STOP to stay happy, strong, confident etc by making an effort 保持高昂的情绪/体力/士气等

We sang as we marched, to keep our spirits up.

我们唱着歌行进，以保持高昂的情绪。

k) keep up appearancesPRETEND to pretend that everything in your life is normal and happy even though you are in trouble, especially financial trouble 〔尤指尽管遇到钱财方面的麻烦仍〕佯装若无其事；装门面

Examples from the Corpus

keep up• You're doing a good job, boys. Keep it up.• Maggie had a stone in her shoe and was finding it hard to keep up.• She covers so much in these lectures -- I don't know how you manage to keep up.• Scott kept up a constant barrage of calls and faxes until he got the answers he wanted.• The enemy kept up the attack all through the night.• Environmental groups intend to keep up the pressure until the government changes the law.• She and Laura keep up their friendship through frequent telephone calls and lunch dates.• She had difficulty keeping up with J.D.'s long, quick strides.• It's a complicated film, and some people may find it hard to keep up with the plot.• Slow down! I can't keep up with you.

keep with• Central bankers are concerned because savings have not kept up with borrowing, and spending has outpaced economic growth.• The flapper had to be a good consumer, keeping up with fashion and buying the latest in beauty products.• Edie was finding it hard to keep up with her rent payments.• How is Jody? I haven't kept up with her since college.• Unless a parent can keep up with its children, its fate is sealed.• Janir struggled to keep up with the bigger kids.• Every day, until we could not keep up with the demand, we would make a few extra loaves to sell.• Carlton does well to keep up with the drop.• I'm having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class.• He puffed and panted behind the others, gritting his teeth with the effort of trying to keep up with them.• Time magazine was another way of keeping up with Western life.• He was not so ill, however, that he was unable to keep up with what was going on.

keep up with the Joneses• The adverts scold us and cajole us and wheedle us and fawn us to keep up with the Joneses.• We want something better than just money and keeping up with the Joneses.

keep with• Central bankers are concerned because savings have not kept up with borrowing, and spending has outpaced economic growth.• The flapper had to be a good consumer, keeping up with fashion and buying the latest in beauty products.• Unless a parent can keep up with its children, its fate is sealed.• Every day, until we could not keep up with the demand, we would make a few extra loaves to sell.• Carlton does well to keep up with the drop.• He puffed and panted behind the others, gritting his teeth with the effort of trying to keep up with them.• Time magazine was another way of keeping up with Western life.• He was not so ill, however, that he was unable to keep up with what was going on.

keep somebody up• I'm often kept up by the noise of laughter and music from next door.• Arnold would keep us all up with his long, rambling stories.

keep your spirits/strength/morale etc up• He had a strong sense of humour, and kept his spirits up.• I had to keep my strength up.• She ate a little to keep her strength up.• During the war years, it helped keep our spirits up and we need it again now.• Crusty Bill boasts he's on a spicy vegetarian diet to keep his strength up for love.• I told Tansy that she must keep her spirits up, that Rose might be needing her.

keep up appearances• Sometimes a mood, or a phase of the menstrual cycle, will bring about a definite aversion to keeping up appearances.• They spend all they have to keep up appearances.• He still took care to be rude and truculent at school to keep up appearances, but the old venom had faded.• All my efforts were concentrated on keeping up appearances during those two hours of the day when I was with them.• She just wanted to keep up appearances for the kids.• A travel iron is useful for keeping up appearances on holiday.• Man on the move Everything a man need to keep up appearances while he's away from home.• We all have to keep up appearances while we wait for the tide to turn.

37.keep up with somebody phrasal verbphr v to write to, telephone, or meet a friend regularly, so that you do not forget each other 和〔朋友〕保持联系

Examples from the Corpus

keep up with • Unless a parent can keep up with its children, its fate is sealed.

Examples from the Corpus

keep• New shells for old Q I would like to keep a Hermit Club.• I was always getting kept after school for something when I was a kid.• I keep all my tickets and boarding passes as souvenirs.• My mother kept all the letters my father ever wrote her.• Paul managed to keep awake by drinking lots of strong black coffee.• People don't keep Christmas the way they used to.• Mac should be here by now. What's keeping him?• Charlie Northrup drove his car to the Biondo farm at dusk to keep his appointment with Jack.• In spite of the difficulties, Roby's kept his sense of humor.• I don't know how he managed to keep his sense of humour with all he's been through.• My grandfather kept his teeth in a glass next to his bed.• The countryside has a dignity in Piersanti's novel which keeps it from becoming a mere object of nostalgia.• Still, the only thing it ever kept me from doing in sports was being a football referee.• I'd hate to have a job that kept me in the office all the time.• My job keeps me really busy.• I've decided to keep my car even though it's getting old.• The relationship was not kept secret from her supervisors.• Keep still. I need to put a bandage on your finger.• It's hard to keep the house clean with three kids.• Mom and Dad said we could keep the puppy.• Do you think this bacon will keep till tomorrow?• Keegan is desperate to stay after savouring his first taste in management by keeping United in the Second Division.• Eat celery as soon as possible -- it does not keep well for long periods.• Don't let me keep you if you have other things to do.• May the Lord bless you and keep you.• Don't let me keep you.• In both of these cases you have kept your centre-line turned to face the opponent and so left your options open.

keep somebody/something doing something• Keep the water running until it gets hot.• You kept me waiting for more than an hour!

keep (on) doing something• Dad, Bobby keeps hitting me!• Don just kept on talking like nothing happened.• How can I explain if you keep on interrupting me?• I keep forgetting to mail this letter.• I keep making the same mistake over and over.

keep ... appointments• Access to care is controlled by the client, who can choose to keep or not keep appointments.• Efforts were made to contact patients who did not keep appointments.• It is important for hospital-based therapists to realize that many self-poisoning patients fail to keep outpatient appointments.• She pretended to keep appointments and went to the wine shop instead.• But if you keep your on-line appointments diary up to date, a calendar on the network can compare everyone's schedules.• He didn't keep appointments, for one thing.• The idea of keeping appointments was an alien concept.

keep somebody in something• Zach's growing so fast we can hardly keep him in jeans.

keep ... from harm• I realise you were desperate to protect him and keep him from harm.• She gave him her veil, which would keep him from harm as long as he was in the sea.

keep2 noun

1 somebody’s keep EARNthe cost of providing food and a home for someone 某人的生活费用

earn your keep (=do things in return for the things that are provided for you) 挣生活费

It’s time you got a job and started earning your keep.

你该去找份工作养活自己了。

Examples from the Corpus

earn your keep• Philip lived in the attic and earned his keep by tutoring the officer's son.• Certainly each of the six crab apples planted in my garden earn their keep in wildlife and ornamental terms.• No longer did I have to drive other people around the animals as a way of earning my keep.• The police earned their keep with arrests 20 percent up at 5,006, but figures highlighted a varying police approach.• NatWest's subsidiaries will have to earn their keep while technology will be deployed to lift service levels.• As the illustration above shows, even if you just use the Family Rail Card once, it will earn its keep.• All are interesting shrubs which will earn their keep through the year.

2 for keeps informalALWAYS/EVERY TIME forever 永远，永久

Marriage ought to be for keeps.

婚姻应当是天长地久的。

Examples from the Corpus

for keeps• Marriage ought to be for keeps.• I'd threatened to leave many times before but I believed in marriage being for keeps and trying to make it work.• Marriage is for keeps, we say.• He's given it to me for keeps.• They lead with their hearts and they play for keeps.

3. [countableC]PM a large strong tower, usually in the centre of a castle 〔城堡的〕主楼

Examples from the Corpus

keep• How else could he have got them out of the keep?

From Longman Business Dictionary

keepkeep /kiːp/ verb (past tensepst and past participlepp kept) /kept/

1[transitiveT] to store something that will be useful

The Credit Reference Agency keeps files on individuals’ debt records.

You shouldkeep a supply of forms.

2keep a record/log/account etc to regularly record written information somewhere

→ keep to something

→ keep somebody → on

→ keep up

Origin keep1

Old English cepan

→n GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2 →n THESAURUS1 →SPOKEN PHRASES1
→PHRASAL VERBS1keep2 noun

单词	keep
释义	keep Word family noun keep keeper keeping keepershipkeep fitkeepnetkeepsakeadjective kept keepablekeeperlessverb keep keep1 /kiːp/ ●●● S1 W1 verb (past tensepst and past participlepp kept /kept/) 1 not change 不改变 [linking verb, transitiveT]CONTINUE/NOT STOP to stay in a particular state, condition, or position, or to make someone or something do this (使)保持，(使)处于 keep (somebody/something) warm/safe/dry etc We huddled around the fire to keep warm. 我们挤在火堆边取暖。 keep calm/awake/sane etc I was struggling to keep awake. 我努力不让自己睡着。 keep something clean/tidy Keep your room tidy. 保持房间整洁。 keep somebody busy/amused/occupied some toys to keep the kids amused 一些供孩子消遣的玩具 You won’t be able to keep it secret forever. 你不可能永远保密下去。 Peter cycles to work to keep fit. 为了保持健康，彼得骑自行车上班。 Don’t keep us in suspense any longer! 别再让我们心里悬着了！ keep (somebody/something) away/back/off/out etc The police put up barriers to keep the crowds back. 警方设置了障碍物来挡住人群。 If I were you, I’d keep away from that area at night. 要是我的话，晚上就不会去那个地区。 a sign saying ‘Danger: Keep Out’ 写着“危险，请勿靠近”字样的告示牌 The little boy kept close to his mother. 那个小男孩总黏着他妈妈。 keep (somebody) out of something Keep him out of trouble. 别让他闯祸。 You keep out of this, Mother (=do not get involved). It’s no concern of yours. 妈妈，这事你别掺和。不关你的事。 How can I cut your hair if you won’t keep still! 你老是动来动去的，叫我怎么给你剪头发！ keep left/right (=stay to the left or right of a path or road as you move) 靠左侧/右侧〔行走〕 keep somebody/something doing something Jane kept the engine running. 简让引擎保持运转。 n GRAMMAR: Linking verbs Keep is used as a linking verb in this meaning. It links the subject of the sentence with an adjective: I try to keep busy. The fruit will keep fresh for several weeks. 2 continue doing STH 继续做某事 [intransitiveI] (also keep on)KEEP DOING something to continue doing something or to do the same thing many times 继续；重复 keep (on) doing something I keep thinking about Joe, all alone in that place. 我老是想到乔，他独自一人在那种地方。 I keep telling you, but you won’t listen! 我一再跟你说，但你就是不肯听！ She pretended not to hear, and kept on walking. 她假装没听见，继续往前走。 5Do not say keep up doing something. Say keep doing something or keep on doing something. 不要说 keep up doing something. 而要说 keep doing something 或 keep on doing something. n Grammar Keep is followed by an -ing form, not an infinitive. You say: He kept talking to me. ✗Don’t say: He kept to talk to me. 3 not give back 不归还 [transitiveT]KEEP/CONTINUE TO HAVE to have something and not give it back to the person who had it before 保留，留下，留着 You can keep it. I don’t need it anymore. 你留着吧，我不需要了。 4 not lose 不丢失 [transitiveT]KEEP/CONTINUE TO HAVE to continue to have something and not lose it or get rid of it 保留，留着 We decided to keep our old car instead of selling it. 我们决定留着我们的旧汽车不卖。 I kept his letters for years. 我把他的信保留了许多年。 In spite of everything, Robyn’s managed to keep her sense of humor. 尽管发生了这一切，萝宾还是努力保持了她的幽默感。 5 store STH 存放某物 [transitiveT always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]KEEP/STORE to leave something in one particular place so that you can find it easily 存放，储存 Where do you keep your teabags? 你把茶包放哪儿啦？ George kept a bottle of whiskey under his bed. 乔治在床底下放了一瓶威士忌。 6 make SB stay in a place 让某人留在某处 [transitiveT always + adverbadv/prepositionprep] to make someone stay in a place, especially a prison or hospital 监禁，关押，拘留〔尤在监狱或医院里〕 He was kept in prison for a week without charge. 他被关押了一个星期，但没被起诉。 7 delay SB 耽搁某人 [transitiveT]DELAY to delay someone 耽搁，延误 He should be here by now. What’s keeping him? 他现在本该到这儿了，什么事把他耽搁了？ 8 do what you promised 遵守诺言 [transitiveT]PROMISE to do what you have promised or agreed to do 遵守，笃守，恪守 keep your word/promise How do I know you’ll keep your word? 我怎么知道你会说话算话？ patients who fail to keep their appointments 未能如约来就诊的病人 9 keep a secret TELL A SECRETto not tell anyone about a secret that you know 保守秘密 Can I trust you to keep a secret? 我能相信你会保守秘密吗？ Examples from the Corpus keep a secret• Can you keep a secret?• Most humans are not very good at keeping secrets.• The private key, used to encrypt transmitted information by the user, is kept secret.• The public key is used to decrypt information at the receiver and is not kept secret.• The state gave them to visiting businessmen whose names are being kept secret.• What happened a few miles away was kept secret.• Zhang was killed instantly, although his death was kept secret for a few days.• The relationship was not kept secret from her supervisors.• Richie was in the know but the plan was kept a secret from Midge and Stevie. 10. keep something quiet/keep quiet (about something) to not say anything in order to avoid telling a secret or causing problems 别把某事说出去/(对某事)保密 11. keep a record/account/diary etc REGULARto regularly record written information somewhere 定期记录/记账/写日记等 Examples from the Corpus keep a record/account/diary etc• A relaxed regime of visiting the lavatory after each main meal and at bedtime is established with the parents keeping a record.• Each day we are to keep a diary.• Tish intends to do some drawing, but is too intent on keeping a diary.• Only one in five departments is believed to keep a record of abuse of adults or the elderly.• There was a chart on the wall that gave some measure of this by keeping a record of math and spelling grades.• One research team keeps a record of which computers are attached to the network at any time.• I must keep records that prove I do all this. 12 keep going a) keep (somebody) going to have or to give someone enough hope and emotional strength to continue living and doing things in a bad situation (使某人)坚持活下去，(使某人)尽力维持下去 That woman’s been through such a lot – I don’t know how she keeps going. 那女人经历了这么多磨难，我不知道她是怎么坚持下来的。 Her letters were the only thing that kept me going while I was in prison. 我在监狱里的时候，她的信是我坚持下去的唯一动力。 b) keep (something) going if you keep a business, institution, regular event etc going, you keep it open or make it continue to happen 使(某事物)继续下去 The library costs £5 million a year to run, and the council can’t afford to keep it going. 这家图书馆每年经费达500万英镑，市政会无力维持。 c) keep going to continue doing something difficult 坚持做〔困难的事〕 Persevere and keep going until you reach your ideal weight. 咬紧牙关坚持下去，直至达到你的理想体重为止。 d) keep somebody going if something keeps you going, it is enough to satisfy your need while you are waiting to get something bigger or better 使某人支撑下去 I’ll have a biscuit to keep me going until dinner time. 我要吃一块饼干，好支撑到正餐时间。 Examples from the Corpus keep somebody going• I wondered, as I sat on his bed, how long he could keep this going.• Then I thought, why not keep this going?• When going to the C section keep the snare going.• They just keep going and going, and fighting the company, and doing more and more things.• Thinking of different pressed flower ideas for birthday presents should keep you going for a while!• Rabbit wonders how many animals have died to keep his life going, how many more will die.• It had been the hope which had kept her going through the dawn and early morning.• Her letters were the only things that kept me going while I was a prisoner.• Only those who keep a dialogue going will be able to put in a word for persons in need of intercession. 13 food 食物 [intransitiveI]LAST FOR A PERIOD OF TIMESAME if food keeps, it stays fresh enough to be eaten 保鲜，保持不坏 Eat the salmon because it won’t keep till tomorrow. 把三文鱼吃了吧，搁不到明天的。 14 animals 动物 [transitiveT]OWN to own and look after animals 饲养 We keep chickens and a couple of pigs. 我们养了一些鸡和几头猪。 15 stop other people from using STH 不让别人使用某物 [transitiveT] to stop other people from using something, so that it is available for someone 保留，留下 SYN save Will you keep a seat for me? 你能否给我留个座位？ 16 keep somebody waiting to make someone wait before you meet them or see them 让某人等候 Sorry to keep you waiting – I got stuck in a meeting. 很抱歉让你久等了，我刚开会脱不了身。 Examples from the Corpus keep somebody waiting• She was annoyed because she had been kept waiting.• Lott kept us waiting for 40 minutes while he attended another meeting. 17. keep guard/watch PROTECTCAREFULto guard a place or watch around you all the time 守护/监视 Examples from the Corpus keep guard/watch• I told my friend Bridget it was up to us to keep watch.• Mcduff came with him to sit in the shelves and they took it in turns to keep watch.• Now do stuff that will make us want to keep watching.• The trick was to keep watching.• Capshaw sent him out the back door to avoid whoever it was keeping guard in the front.• He kept watching out the window of the rear door.• Its highly flexible neck enables it to keep watch over a wide area while it is both searching for and chasing prey.• He climbed to the top of the fence and looked around to see if there was some one keeping watch there as well. 18. shop 商店 [transitiveT] British EnglishBrE old-fashionedOWN to own a small business and work in it 开设，经营〔小商店〕 19 provide SB with things 为某人提供东西 [transitiveT]LOOK AFTER somebody to provide someone with money, food etc 供养，抚养，养活 He did not earn enough to keep a wife and children. 他赚的钱不够养活妻儿。 keep somebody in something There’s enough money there to keep you in champagne for a year! 那些钱够你喝上一年的香槟！ 20 protect 保护 [transitiveT] formalPROTECT to guard or protect someone 护卫，保护 The Lord bless you and keep you. 上帝赐福于你并保佑你。 His only thought was to keep the child from harm. 他唯一的念头就是要保护孩子不受到伤害。 21. keep goal/wicket to be the player in a team whose job is to protect the goal or wicket 守门/防守三柱门 → goalkeeper, wicket keeper Examples from the Corpus keep goal/wicket• Cracked willow pattern contains the lobster, scraping its claws like some one crouched to keep wicket at Lord's. SPOKEN PHRASES 22 keep quiet used to tell someone not to say anything or make any noise 请安静，别说话 Keep quiet! I’m trying to watch the game. 安静！我要看比赛。 Examples from the Corpus keep quiet• But the story is too big to be kept quiet.• He heard his wife cursing Biddy inside the house, shouting for the animal to keep quiet.• Listening to them, I was taught to keep quiet.• The people may disagree; but they keep quiet.• Parotti had threatened to expose the illegal arrangements unless he was paid $50,000 to keep quiet.• She'd been brutally murdered to keep her quiet.• We used to keep quiet about some of the things that went on in the prison.• I wish I'd kept quiet about the money.• We'd better keep quiet about this for now.• And if you wanted it kept quiet, again it would be entirely up to you.• Some people disagree with what the government is doing, but they keep quiet for fear of reprisals.• Keep quiet! I'm trying to hear what your brother has to say.• The minister denied that the case had been kept quiet or hidden.• I think they should have kept quiet over that.• Turning worried eyes on him, tempted to keep quiet, she sighed.• The disciples kept quiet telling nothing of what they had seen at that time to anyone.• It was like they were trying to pay me off for keeping quiet, to bribe me to look the other way.• We can give you a 10% raise, but not the others -- so keep it quiet, won't you? 23 how are you keeping? used to ask if someone is well 过得如何？过得怎么样？ ‘Hi, Mark! How are you keeping?’ ‘Oh, not so bad.’ “嗨，马克！你怎么样？”“噢，马马虎虎。” 24. keep your hair/shirt on! used to tell someone to be more calm, patient etc 保持冷静！耐心点！ 25 somebody can keep something used to say that you do not want or are not interested in something 由某人去做某事〔表示你对某事不感兴趣〕 She can keep her wild parties and posh friends – I like the quiet life. 随她去参加各种狂野派对、交富贵朋友吧，我喜欢过安静的生活。 26 it’ll keep used to say that you can tell someone something or do something later 以后告诉你；以后再做 ‘I don’t have time to listen now.’ ‘Don’t worry, it’ll keep.’ “我现在没时间听。”“别担心，以后再告诉你。” Examples from the Corpus it’ll keep• "I don't have time to listen now." "Don't worry, it'll keep." n THESAURUS – Meaning 5: to leave something in one particular place so that you can find it easily keep to leave something in one particular place so that you can find it easily Where do you keep the scissors? The keys are kept in my office. store to put things away and keep them until you need them Villagers have begun storing wood for the winter. save to keep something so that you can use or enjoy it in the future He had been saving the bottle of champagne for a special occasion. We can save the rest of the pie for later. file to store papers or information in a particular order or a particular place All the contracts are filed alphabetically. collect to get and keep objects of the same type because you think they are attractive or interesting Kate collects old postcards. hold to keep something to be used when it is needed, especially something that many different people may need to use Medical records are now usually held on computers. reserve formal to keep part of something for use at a later time during a process such as cooking Reserve some of the chocolate so that you can use it for decorating the cake. hoard to keep large amounts of food, money etc because you think you may not be able to get them in the future – used when you do not approve of people doing this because it is not necessary or not fair to other people People have been hoarding food and fuel in case there is another attack. Rationing of basic food products was introduced to prevent hoarding. PHRASAL VERBS 27 keep at something phrasal verbphr v a) keep at it spokenCONTINUE/NOT STOP to continue to do something, although it is difficult or hard work 坚持干，继续苦干 I know it’s hard, but keep at it! Don’t give up! 我知道这不容易，但要坚持下去！别放弃！ b) keep somebody at somethingWORK HARD to force someone to continue to work hard and not let them stop 强迫某人继续苦干某事 Examples from the Corpus keep at • The animals were kept at 20°C, 50% humidity and a light/dark cycle of 12/12 hours.• The population were kept at a pre-technological level of civilization, with android advisers to make their lives easy.• Velvet can be kept at bay by good husbandry.• As a criticism of the modern world, Fantasia of the Unconscious is a book to keep at hand and re-read.• In those optimistic times, the commission thought that if they just kept at it they could eventually eradicate the gypsy moth.• Getting a novel published has inspired White to keep at it.• Hence Phoenix always keeps at least two of its garbage districts in public hands-so it will always have the capacity to compete.• We kept at them and finally wore them down. 28 keep back phrasal verbphr v a) TELL A SECRET keep something ↔ back to deliberately not tell someone all that you know about something 隐瞒某事 I got the feeling he was keeping something back. 我感觉他隐瞒着一些事情。 b) keep something ↔ back to not show your feelings, even though you want to very much 抑制，控制〔情感〕 She was struggling to keep back the tears. 她在强忍泪水。 c) keep somebody ↔ back to prevent someone from being as successful as they could be 阻止[妨碍]某人发展[进步] SYN hold back Fear and stereotypes have kept women back for centuries. 恐惧和陈规已经束缚了女性数百年。 d) keep something ↔ back especially British EnglishBrESAVE something TO USE LATER to not give or pay something that you were going to give 保留[扣留]某物 They kept back some of his wages to pay for the damage. 他们扣下了他的一部分工资来赔偿损失。 Examples from the Corpus keep back• I got the feeling he was keeping something back.• A two, a failing grade, would mean being kept back a year, to study with smaller children.• The two were not separated until Dan was kept back at Groton so Harry could enter Harvard first.• Although most of the facts were published the government kept back certain details that might prove embarrassing.• Most farmers are able to keep back enough of their crop for their own use.• Keep a small amount of icing back for the other cake.• I must now confess something which I kept back from you earlier.• I try to explain this to Professor Sano, working hard to keep back the tears. keep back the tears• I try to explain this to Professor Sano, working hard to keep back the tears.• She sniffed, trying to keep back the tears. 29 keep somebody/something ↔ down phrasal verbphr v a) PREVENTto prevent the size, cost, or quantity of something from increasing or being too great 控制[限制]…增长 We need to keep costs down. 我们需要控制成本。 b) SICK/VOMITto succeed in keeping food in your stomach, instead of bringing it up again out of your mouth, when you are ill 使…不吐出，使…不呕吐 I could hardly keep anything down for about three days. 大概有三天时间，我几乎是吃什么吐什么。 c) used to ask someone to make less noise 使…安静点，使…轻声点 Keep your voice down – she’ll hear you! 小点声，她会听到的！ Can you keep it down – I’m trying to work. 你能不能安静一点，我要工作。 d) to prevent a group of people from becoming as successful and powerful as the other people in a society 压制，控制 Plantation owners kept slaves down by refusing them an education. 种植园主不让奴隶受教育，以此来控制他们。 Examples from the Corpus keep down• For most people a good book is a necessity when travelling, choose a paperback to keep the weight down.• He was all in favour of anything that kept their costs down.• Pete and Chrissie's baby couldn't keep its food down.• The turbocharger is water cooled and its vanes are small to keep inertia down.• You lose their attention if you keep staring down at the papers in your hand.• She forgot the excitement down below, she forgot the misunderstanding that had kept them silent down the gulch.• He kept his head down under fire, avoided trouble, trusted in luck to keep him alive.• Although the blown rubber keeps there weight down, wear patterns after 300 and 400 miles seem to bear out this view. keep it down• Stevens brought Sierra Leone down, Taylor keeps it down.• A lump came to my throat and I had to eat something to keep it down.• Can you girls keep it down?• Some one in the next room shrieked at her to keep it down.• You oughta learn to keep it down, boy.• I can't keep it down here with my wife and children.• May I keep it down here?• Keep it down! I'm trying to talk on the phone!• Hey you guys - keep it down, or Mom'll hear!• Some said she was obsessed with her weight and determined to keep it down to under six stones.• Keep it down, will you? We're trying to sleep. 30 keep from phrasal verbphr v a) keep (somebody/something) from somethingPREVENT to prevent someone from doing something or prevent something from happening 不让(某人)做某事；不让(某事)发生 keep somebody from (doing) something His ex-wife had kept him from seeing his children. 他的前妻不让他看孩子。 I hope I haven’t kept you from your work. 希望我没有妨碍你工作。 keep something from doing something Put the pizza in the bottom of the oven to keep the cheese from burning. 把比萨饼放在烤箱底部，以免奶酪烤煳。 keep (yourself) from doing something The play was so boring I could hardly keep myself from falling asleep. 这出戏太乏味了，我差点睡着。 b) keep something from somebodyTELL A SECRET to prevent someone from knowing something, by deliberately not telling them about it 不让某人知道某事，对某人隐瞒某事 SYN withhold The government had wanted to keep this information from the public. 政府本想对公众隐瞒这一消息。 Examples from the Corpus keep from• They can be kept from behaving badly towards each money.• I knew that l would have to do everything I could to keep from being anxious or desperate.• Gabriel had to bite his cheeks to keep from bursting out laughing.• Not, that is, if the flat tax exempts enough income to keep from crunching the poor.• How is a person to keep from eating delicious food if it will later make him sick?• I had to brace myself against the side to keep from getting sucked into the overheated pit he created with his body.• Herman says that her sisters have deliberately been kept from him.• Norm said, and it was all she could do to keep from slapping that fresh mouth of his. keep (yourself) from doing something• Gabriel had to bite his cheeks to keep from bursting out laughing.• He had to stomp hard on the crust of ice with each step in order to keep from falling.• Herman says that her sisters have deliberately been kept from him.• I was singled out and kept from getting on a plane because of my name and for no other reason.• In spite of all I could do, it was getting tough to keep from getting lost.• The language helper needs to be kept from being bored, too.• The spiritual riches of a full life are kept from the sufferer while the therapist colludes with the addictive disease itself.• What else might she be keeping from him? 31 keep somebody in phrasal verbphr v a) to make someone stay in hospital because they are too ill to go home 让〔某人〕留院 They kept her in overnight for observation. 他们让她留院观察一夜。 b) KEEP somebody IN A PLACE British EnglishBrE to force someone to stay inside, especially as a punishment in school 使〔某人〕留在屋里；〔尤指〕罚〔某人〕课后留校 32 keep in with somebody phrasal verbphr v British EnglishBrE FRIENDLYto try to stay friendly with someone, especially because this helps you 与〔某人〕友好相处〔尤因这样做对自己有利〕 It’s a good idea to keep in with the boss. 与老板维持良好关系是个好主意。 Examples from the Corpus keep in with • Why not keep in with the people who really run racing, the villains?• Earn your freedom by behaving well and keeping in with your owner. 33 keep off phrasal verbphr v a) keep something ↔ offPREVENT to prevent something from touching or harming something 使不碰到；使避开 She held an old piece of cloth over them both to keep the rain off. 她拿着一块旧布盖在他俩身上挡雨。 keep something off something How are we going to keep the flies off this food? 我们怎样才能不让苍蝇飞到食物上去？ b) keep your hands off somebody/something used to tell someone not to touch someone or something 别碰某人/某物 Keep your hands off me! 别碰我！ c) keep (somebody) off something to not eat, drink, or take something that is bad for you, or to stop someone else from eating, drinking, or taking it (使某人)不去吃[喝，服用]有害的东西 Keep off fatty foods. 不吃高脂食物。 a programme aimed at keeping teenagers off drugs 一项旨在使青少年远离毒品的计划 d) keep off something especially British EnglishBrE to avoid talking about a particular subject, especially so that you do not upset someone 避开某一话题〔以免激怒别人〕 SYN avoid, stay off e) keep something ↔ off if you keep weight off, you do not get heavier again after you have lost weight 〔减肥后〕使体重保持稳定 f) NOT DO something British EnglishBrE if rain keeps off, it does not fall 〔雨〕未下 Examples from the Corpus keep your hands off somebody/something• The government should keep its hands off content.• Couldn't keep our hands off each other.• They had been unable to keep their hands off each other.• But today with his mind too preoccupied to work he seemed quite unable to keep his hands off it.• And keep your hands off Maria.• They should stay out where they belong - keep their hands off our people.• I could not keep my hands off them. 34 keep on phrasal verbphr v a) CONTINUE/NOT STOPto continue doing something, or to do something many times 继续；反复做 keep on doing something You just have to keep on trying. 你只得继续努力。 b) keep somebody ↔ onKEEP/CONTINUE TO HAVE to continue to employ someone, especially for longer than you had planned 继续雇用某人，留用某人〔尤指比原定时间长〕 If you’re good, they might keep you on after Christmas. 你如果表现不错，圣诞节后他们或许还会接着用你。 c) British EnglishBrE informalTALK TO somebody to talk continuously about something or repeat something many times, in a way that is annoying 唠叨，纠缠不休 SYN go on about There’s no need to keep on and on about it! 没必要对这件事纠缠不休！ at If I didn’t keep on at the children, they’d never do their homework. 要不是我盯着孩子们，他们永远不会做家庭作业。 Examples from the Corpus keep on• The treadmill is the hardest, but I keep on.• I kept on at the council, but it wasn't easy to get a council flat in those days.• We cannot guarantee that we will be able to keep you on at the end of your contract.• In the world of aviation, aircraft are not kept on by airline or airfreight operators out of sentiment.• Considering the price fetched by presidential autographs, this gift could keep on giving.• Well, something like the churning of the Nile River, which keeps on recreating the fertile farmlands at her delta.• It was less than satisfying; and yet as his due date neared he kept on, sometimes all night.• It seems a lot of these companies want to get rid of the old ones and keep on the young ones. keep on doing something• Considering the price fetched by presidential autographs, this gift could keep on giving.• He kept on telling himself how short the distance.• I kept on at the council, but it wasn't easy to get a council flat in those days.• In the world of aviation, aircraft are not kept on by airline or airfreight operators out of sentiment.• It was less than satisfying; and yet as his due date neared he kept on, sometimes all night.• The treadmill is the hardest, but I keep on.• Well, something like the churning of the Nile River, which keeps on recreating the fertile farmlands at her delta. keep at• It's just a matter of keeping on at her.• He had a bad leg and they kept on at him to hurry up.• Please don't keep on at me.• I kept on at the council, but it wasn't easy to get a council flat in those days.• Only 125 staff will be kept on at the Junction making washing machines.• If I didn't keep on at them, homework would never get done. 6. 35 keep to something phrasal verbphr v a) STAY/NOT LEAVEto stay on a particular road, course, piece of ground etc 不离开〔某一道路、方向、地方等〕 It’s best to keep to the paths. 最好沿着小路走。 b) OBEYto do what has been decided in an agreement or plan, or what is demanded by law 遵守，遵从 Keep to the speed limits. 遵守限速规定。 c) keep to the point/subject etc to talk or write only about the subject you are supposed to be talking about 紧扣要点/主题等 d) keep something to somethingPREVENT to prevent an amount, degree, or level from becoming higher than it should 把某物限定在〔某一数量、程度或水平上〕 Costs must be kept to a minimum. 成本必须降到最低。 e) keep something to yourself to not tell anyone about something 对某事保密，绝口不提某事 I’d appreciate it if you kept it to yourself. 如果你能对此事保密，我不胜感激。 f) keep to yourself (also keep yourself to yourself British English)TELL A SECRET to live a very quiet private life and not do many things that involve other people 离群索居，不与人来往 Examples from the Corpus keep to the point/subject etc• De Quincey was no master of keeping to the point.• Nothing is more irritating than people who do not keep to the point and talk for too long.• Come straight to the point and keep to the point are the golden rules of letter writing. be kept to a minimum• Movement in a punt should always be kept to a minimum.• We hope the court proceedings will be concluded quickly, so that the period of uncertainty is kept to a minimum.• You're not expected to input anything too obscure though, so frustrations in this respect are kept to a minimum.• Purely in order to minimise costs, drafting meetings should be kept to a minimum and should wherever possible be restricted.• The trouble was kept to a minimum as much because of the novelty of the situation as anything else.• Conflict is kept to a minimum by allowing such groups to share power.• It can be kept to a minimum by proper safety guidelines, of which there seem to be plenty.• Packaging was kept to a minimum for counter-service shopping for two main reasons. keep something to yourself• So don't keep it all to yourself!• We went out and tied bricks to him and put him down and we kept it to ourselves.• Don't tell Sam -- he's incapable of keeping anything to himself.• I've got cancer, but I would appreciate if you would keep this to yourself.• After all, what right have they to keep it to themselves?• But she kept them to herself.• She wouldn't say even then but I plagued her a bit till she couldn't keep it to herself any longer.• Branson knew who the killer was, but had kept it to himself for twenty years.• She kept the pregnancy to herself - or rather kept it from herself, and from everyone else, for too long.• Never a woman to keep her thoughts to herself, she told him how comfortable she felt in his company.• Share information - don't keep everything to yourself; there is no advantage to this. 5. keep to yourself• I watched her drive out on to the highway, thinking many things which are better kept to myself.• Of course, the Little Sprouts and the Plumpsters could have kept to themselves.• She keeps to her room, keeps to herself.• The sympathy she showed Karen; the relief she kept to herself.• Whatever problems he had faced in their life together he had kept to himself.• His frustration he tried to keep to himself but it hovered about him until it shaded and finally swallowed him.• Mandeville kept to himself, fretting about Southgate and when the additional soldiers would arrive.• If they kept to themselves, the whole northern end of the area might as well be written off. 36 keep up phrasal verbphr v a) keep something ↔ upCONTINUE/NOT STOP to continue doing something 将某事继续[坚持]下去 I don’t think I can keep this up any longer. 我觉得我再也无法坚持下去了。 keep up the good work! (=continue to work hard and well) 继续好好干下去吧！ b) if a situation keeps up, it continues without stopping or changing 〔情况〕持续，保持 SYN continue How long can the economic boom keep up? 经济繁荣能持续多久？ c) FAST/QUICKto go as quickly as someone else 跟上，并驾齐驱 with I had to walk fast to keep up with him. 我要快走才能跟上他。 d) to manage to do as much or as well as other people 跟上，保持同步 OPP fall behind with Jack’s having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class. 杰克很难跟上班里的其他同学。 keep up with the Joneses (=try to have the same new impressive possessions that other people have) 与他人攀比 e) LEARNto continue to read and learn about a particular subject, so that you always know about the most recent facts, products etc 跟上，持续了解 with Employees need to keep up with the latest technical developments. 员工需要跟上最新的技术发展。 f) keep something ↔ up to make something continue at its present level or amount, instead of letting it decrease 继续保持[维持]某事物 NATO kept up the pressure on the Serbs to get out of Kosovo. 北约继续对塞尔维亚人施加压力，敦促他们撤出科索沃。 g) UPif one process keeps up with another, it increases at the same speed and by the same amount 跟上，与…同步 with Food production is not keeping up with population growth. 粮食产量未能跟上人口增长的速度。 h) keep something ↔ up to continue to practise a skill so that you do not lose it 坚持练习某事物 I used to speak French, but I haven’t kept it up. 我以前会说法语，但是没有坚持练习。 i) keep somebody up informalSLEEP to prevent someone from going to bed 不让某人睡觉 I hope I’m not keeping you up. 希望我没有耽误你睡觉。 j) keep your spirits/strength/morale etc upCONTINUE/NOT STOP to stay happy, strong, confident etc by making an effort 保持高昂的情绪/体力/士气等 We sang as we marched, to keep our spirits up. 我们唱着歌行进，以保持高昂的情绪。 k) keep up appearancesPRETEND to pretend that everything in your life is normal and happy even though you are in trouble, especially financial trouble 〔尤指尽管遇到钱财方面的麻烦仍〕佯装若无其事；装门面 Examples from the Corpus keep up• You're doing a good job, boys. Keep it up.• Maggie had a stone in her shoe and was finding it hard to keep up.• She covers so much in these lectures -- I don't know how you manage to keep up.• Scott kept up a constant barrage of calls and faxes until he got the answers he wanted.• The enemy kept up the attack all through the night.• Environmental groups intend to keep up the pressure until the government changes the law.• She and Laura keep up their friendship through frequent telephone calls and lunch dates.• She had difficulty keeping up with J.D.'s long, quick strides.• It's a complicated film, and some people may find it hard to keep up with the plot.• Slow down! I can't keep up with you. keep with• Central bankers are concerned because savings have not kept up with borrowing, and spending has outpaced economic growth.• The flapper had to be a good consumer, keeping up with fashion and buying the latest in beauty products.• Edie was finding it hard to keep up with her rent payments.• How is Jody? I haven't kept up with her since college.• Unless a parent can keep up with its children, its fate is sealed.• Janir struggled to keep up with the bigger kids.• Every day, until we could not keep up with the demand, we would make a few extra loaves to sell.• Carlton does well to keep up with the drop.• I'm having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class.• He puffed and panted behind the others, gritting his teeth with the effort of trying to keep up with them.• Time magazine was another way of keeping up with Western life.• He was not so ill, however, that he was unable to keep up with what was going on. keep up with the Joneses• The adverts scold us and cajole us and wheedle us and fawn us to keep up with the Joneses.• We want something better than just money and keeping up with the Joneses. keep with• Central bankers are concerned because savings have not kept up with borrowing, and spending has outpaced economic growth.• The flapper had to be a good consumer, keeping up with fashion and buying the latest in beauty products.• Unless a parent can keep up with its children, its fate is sealed.• Every day, until we could not keep up with the demand, we would make a few extra loaves to sell.• Carlton does well to keep up with the drop.• He puffed and panted behind the others, gritting his teeth with the effort of trying to keep up with them.• Time magazine was another way of keeping up with Western life.• He was not so ill, however, that he was unable to keep up with what was going on. keep with• Central bankers are concerned because savings have not kept up with borrowing, and spending has outpaced economic growth.• The flapper had to be a good consumer, keeping up with fashion and buying the latest in beauty products.• Unless a parent can keep up with its children, its fate is sealed.• Every day, until we could not keep up with the demand, we would make a few extra loaves to sell.• Carlton does well to keep up with the drop.• He puffed and panted behind the others, gritting his teeth with the effort of trying to keep up with them.• Time magazine was another way of keeping up with Western life.• He was not so ill, however, that he was unable to keep up with what was going on. keep somebody up• I'm often kept up by the noise of laughter and music from next door.• Arnold would keep us all up with his long, rambling stories. keep your spirits/strength/morale etc up• He had a strong sense of humour, and kept his spirits up.• I had to keep my strength up.• She ate a little to keep her strength up.• During the war years, it helped keep our spirits up and we need it again now.• Crusty Bill boasts he's on a spicy vegetarian diet to keep his strength up for love.• I told Tansy that she must keep her spirits up, that Rose might be needing her. keep up appearances• Sometimes a mood, or a phase of the menstrual cycle, will bring about a definite aversion to keeping up appearances.• They spend all they have to keep up appearances.• He still took care to be rude and truculent at school to keep up appearances, but the old venom had faded.• All my efforts were concentrated on keeping up appearances during those two hours of the day when I was with them.• She just wanted to keep up appearances for the kids.• A travel iron is useful for keeping up appearances on holiday.• Man on the move Everything a man need to keep up appearances while he's away from home.• We all have to keep up appearances while we wait for the tide to turn. 37.keep up with somebody phrasal verbphr v to write to, telephone, or meet a friend regularly, so that you do not forget each other 和〔朋友〕保持联系 Examples from the Corpus keep up with • Unless a parent can keep up with its children, its fate is sealed. Examples from the Corpus keep• New shells for old Q I would like to keep a Hermit Club.• I was always getting kept after school for something when I was a kid.• I keep all my tickets and boarding passes as souvenirs.• My mother kept all the letters my father ever wrote her.• Paul managed to keep awake by drinking lots of strong black coffee.• People don't keep Christmas the way they used to.• Mac should be here by now. What's keeping him?• Charlie Northrup drove his car to the Biondo farm at dusk to keep his appointment with Jack.• In spite of the difficulties, Roby's kept his sense of humor.• I don't know how he managed to keep his sense of humour with all he's been through.• My grandfather kept his teeth in a glass next to his bed.• The countryside has a dignity in Piersanti's novel which keeps it from becoming a mere object of nostalgia.• Still, the only thing it ever kept me from doing in sports was being a football referee.• I'd hate to have a job that kept me in the office all the time.• My job keeps me really busy.• I've decided to keep my car even though it's getting old.• The relationship was not kept secret from her supervisors.• Keep still. I need to put a bandage on your finger.• It's hard to keep the house clean with three kids.• Mom and Dad said we could keep the puppy.• Do you think this bacon will keep till tomorrow?• Keegan is desperate to stay after savouring his first taste in management by keeping United in the Second Division.• Eat celery as soon as possible -- it does not keep well for long periods.• Don't let me keep you if you have other things to do.• May the Lord bless you and keep you.• Don't let me keep you.• In both of these cases you have kept your centre-line turned to face the opponent and so left your options open. keep somebody/something doing something• Keep the water running until it gets hot.• You kept me waiting for more than an hour! keep (on) doing something• Dad, Bobby keeps hitting me!• Don just kept on talking like nothing happened.• How can I explain if you keep on interrupting me?• I keep forgetting to mail this letter.• I keep making the same mistake over and over. keep ... appointments• Access to care is controlled by the client, who can choose to keep or not keep appointments.• Efforts were made to contact patients who did not keep appointments.• It is important for hospital-based therapists to realize that many self-poisoning patients fail to keep outpatient appointments.• She pretended to keep appointments and went to the wine shop instead.• But if you keep your on-line appointments diary up to date, a calendar on the network can compare everyone's schedules.• He didn't keep appointments, for one thing.• The idea of keeping appointments was an alien concept. keep somebody in something• Zach's growing so fast we can hardly keep him in jeans. keep ... from harm• I realise you were desperate to protect him and keep him from harm.• She gave him her veil, which would keep him from harm as long as he was in the sea. keep2 noun 1 somebody’s keep EARNthe cost of providing food and a home for someone 某人的生活费用 earn your keep (=do things in return for the things that are provided for you) 挣生活费 It’s time you got a job and started earning your keep. 你该去找份工作养活自己了。 Examples from the Corpus earn your keep• Philip lived in the attic and earned his keep by tutoring the officer's son.• Certainly each of the six crab apples planted in my garden earn their keep in wildlife and ornamental terms.• No longer did I have to drive other people around the animals as a way of earning my keep.• The police earned their keep with arrests 20 percent up at 5,006, but figures highlighted a varying police approach.• NatWest's subsidiaries will have to earn their keep while technology will be deployed to lift service levels.• As the illustration above shows, even if you just use the Family Rail Card once, it will earn its keep.• All are interesting shrubs which will earn their keep through the year. 2 for keeps informalALWAYS/EVERY TIME forever 永远，永久 Marriage ought to be for keeps. 婚姻应当是天长地久的。 Examples from the Corpus for keeps• Marriage ought to be for keeps.• I'd threatened to leave many times before but I believed in marriage being for keeps and trying to make it work.• Marriage is for keeps, we say.• He's given it to me for keeps.• They lead with their hearts and they play for keeps. 3. [countableC]PM a large strong tower, usually in the centre of a castle 〔城堡的〕主楼 Examples from the Corpus keep• How else could he have got them out of the keep? From Longman Business Dictionary keepkeep /kiːp/ verb (past tensepst and past participlepp kept) /kept/ 1[transitiveT] to store something that will be useful The Credit Reference Agency keeps files on individuals’ debt records. You shouldkeep a supply of forms. 2keep a record/log/account etc to regularly record written information somewhere → keep to something → keep somebody → on → keep up Origin keep1 Old English cepan →n GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2 →n THESAURUS1 →SPOKEN PHRASES1 →PHRASAL VERBS1keep2 noun
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