Any unexpected circumstance that arises may catalyze a sudden escalation of violence. [VERB noun]

任何突如其来的情况都可能造成暴力骤然升级。

It had been known for some time that chemical reactions can be catalyzed by materials with large surface areas. [be VERB-ed]

人们早已知道，如果材料的表面积足够大，可引起催化反应。

The wires do not have a large enough surface to catalyse a big explosion. [VERB noun]

这些导线覆盖的面积不够大，不足以引发大爆炸。