In addition to the uses shown below, without is used in the phrasal verbs ‘do without’, ‘go without’, and ‘reckon without’.
除下列用法外，without 还可用于 do without, go without 和 reckon without 等短语动词中。
1 PREP 缺乏；没有;不用 You use without to indicate that someone or something does not have or use the thing mentioned. 缺乏；没有;不用
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I don't like myself without a beard.
我不喜欢自己没胡子的样子。
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She wore a brown shirt pressed without a wrinkle.
她穿着一件熨烫得没有一点儿褶儿的棕色衬衫。
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...a meal without barbecue sauce.
没有烧烤酱的一顿饭
2 PREP 在没有(发生或做某事)的情况下 If one thing happens without another thing, or if you do something without doing something else, the second thing does not happen or occur. 在没有(发生或做某事)的情况下
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He was offered a generous pension provided he left without a fuss.
他如果一声不吭地离开，就会获得一笔丰厚的养老金。
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They worked without a break until about eight in the evening.
他们一刻不停地干到晚上8点钟左右。
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Alex had done this without consulting her.
亚历克斯这么做事先并没有跟她商量。
3 PREP 没有，不带(某种感情) If you do something without a particular feeling, you do not have that feeling when you do it. 没有，不带(某种感情)
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Janet Magnusson watched his approach without enthusiasm.
珍妮特·马格努森冷冷地看着他走过来。
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'Hello, Swanson,' he said without surprise.
“你好，斯旺森。”他说话的时候并未显得惊讶。
4 PREP …不在场;没有…参加 If you do something without someone else, they are not in the same place as you are or are not involved in the same action as you. …不在场;没有…参加
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I told Franklin he would have to start dinner without me.
我告诉富兰克林吃晚饭不必等我。
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How can I rebuild my life without my husband?.
失去丈夫后我怎么才能重新开始生活？
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We would never go anywhere without you.
没有你我们会一事无成。
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