| 释义 |
charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ vt. | vi. | n. | phr.
I ❶ vt.
1. 要(价)，收(费)；要(人)支付(钱)；收(税)
The airlines charge half price for students. 航空公司对学生收半价。
He charged me ￥6.20 a kilo for eggs. 鸡蛋每公斤他向我要价6元2角。
“It's a double room really, but I'll only charge you single,” he said. 他说：“实际上这是双人房间，但我只向你收单人房间的租金。”
They've always charged a tax on bottles of wine brought into this country. 对带进这个国家的瓶酒，他们一向是要收税的。
2. 把…记在账上，在(账)上记入；把(借物)记在某人名下，在(某人)名下记入借物；赊购(货物)
charge the expenses to sb.'s account (或 charge sb.'s account with the expenses) 把这些费用记上某人账
charge a library book to a borrower (或 charge a person with a book borrowed from a library) 把图书馆出借的书记在借书人名下
charge one's clothes at a store 在铺子里赊购衣服
Mummy forbade my having anything charged at the shop. 妈妈不准我在店里赊购东西。
3. 使承受经济负担；把…作为应负的经济义务
charge one's estate with debts incurred 以自己的产业抵债
charge debts to an estate 以一笔产业抵债
4. 装，装满
charge a gun with powder 为火炮装火药
charge a furnace with coal 为炉子装煤
charge a brush with pigment 使画笔饱蘸颜料
5. 使充电；使改变电荷性质
charge a storage battery (或 an accumulator) 为蓄电池充电
If one or more electrons be removed, the atom is said to be positively charged. 如果原子失去了一个或多个电子，我们就说原子带正电荷。
6. 使饱和；使充满
The air was charged with perfume. 空气中香气弥漫。
charged water 汽水
speak in a voice charged with anger 以充满愤怒的嗓音讲话
She is always charged with energy. 她永远浑身是劲。
7. (精神上或智力上)使承受压力
charge schoolchildren's memories with rules and precepts 使小学生硬记大量清规戒律
His spirit was charged with sorrow. 悲痛使他精神萎靡不振。
8. 使承担任务(或责任等)
a nurse charged with the care of a child 负责照管孩子的保姆
He charged himself with the task of overcoming a technical difficulty. 他自动承担了攻克技术难关的任务。
9. 命令；指示；告诫
charge sb. to be silent 命令某人住口
The manager charged him not to accept the gift. 经理告诫他不要接受这笔礼物。
10. 控告，指控；指责
charge sb. with murder 指控某人犯谋杀罪
The police charged the driver with speeding. 警察指控司机驾车超速。
charge sb. as the instigator 指责某人为煽动者
11. 把…归因(于) (to,on,upon)
charge the failure to negligence 把失败归因于疏忽
charge a fault upon sb. 把过失归咎于某人
12. [后接 that 从句]宣称…(常指错误的事)，指责…
He charged that his assistant had distorted the data. 他说他的助手窜改了那些数据。
The king charged that his minister had disobeyed instructions. 国王指责他的大臣不服从谕旨。
13. 猛攻，冲向；【体】冲撞
The mechanized cavalry charged the hostile fort. 机械化骑兵部队猛攻敌方要塞。
The police charged the rioters with batons raised. 警察举起警棍驱赶闹事暴徒。
14. (纹章中在盾、旗等上)装饰(图记)；用图记装饰(盾、旗等)
15. 使(武器)处于攻击位置，把(武器)对准对方
❷ vi.
1. 收费，定价，要价
charge high (low) 要价高(低)
How much do you charge for a room? 租一个房间要多少钱?
2. 记在账上
Charge now, pay later. 现在先记账，以后再付款。
3. 冲锋，向前冲；【体】冲撞人
Fix bayonets! Charge! 上刺刀!冲锋!(冲锋前的号令)
As they approached the porch, a barking dog charged out. 他们走近门廊时，一条狗狂吠着冲了出来。
Suddenly the wild animal charged at us. 那头野兽突然向我们扑过来。
4. 充电
Does your car battery charge easily? 你汽车上的蓄电池容易充电吗?
5. (法官、主教等)发出指示(或告诫)
6. 提出控告(或谴责)
7. (狗)听从命令蹲伏(将头贴放在前爪上)
II n.
1. 价钱，费用
water charges 自来水费
no admission charge 免费入场
What is the charge for a local call? 一个市话要多少钱?
If the material is found faulty, we shall replace it free of charge. 如果发现材料有缺点，我们将免费调换。
travel at one's own charge 自费旅行
2. 应付款项，借项；赊购账；借物(如书)项目
The cost of the proceedings will be a charge on his estate. 诉讼费用将拿他的产业来偿付。
a charge to a customer's account (记入)客户账目中的一笔借项
The purchase was a charge. 这宗货是赊购的。
3. (容器的)定量装载物；(一发子弹所装的)炸药量；(一定量的)炸药
the charge of chemicals in a fire extinguisher 一具灭火器中所装的化学药剂
an artillery shell with a large powder charge 装药量大的炮弹
a charge of explosives 一料炸药
the permissible charge in firecrackers 鞭炮中炸药的容许含量
4. (激情或感召力的)蕴藏，内涵
poetry with an emotional charge 感情洋溢的诗歌
5. 负荷；电荷；充电；充气
An electron has a negative charge. 电子带负电荷。
6. 任务；责任，职责
The girl accepted her mother's charge to put things in order. 女孩接受母亲要她整理东西的任务。
Keeping public order is the charge of the police. 维持公共秩序是警察的职责。
7. 管理，掌管；照管
He has charge of the home office. 他负责主管总公司。
He assumed full charge of the business. 他全权掌管一切业务。
8. 被照管的人(或事物)；靠人抚养(或赡养、救济)的人；牧师照管下的教区(或教堂等)
The nurse took her young charges for a walk. 保姆带着她照管的孩子们去散步。
He became his uncle's charge after his father's death. 父亲去世后，他由他的叔叔抚养。
9. 控告，指控；指责
bring a charge of treason against sb. 指控某人叛国
arrest sb. on espionage charges 以间谍罪拘捕某人
Charges are being made that he violated the nation's foreign-exchange laws. 他正被控违犯国家的外汇法令。
The opposition candidate made a sweeping charge against the administration. 反对党候选人对政府发动全面攻击。
10. 命令；指示；告诫
The scouts had fulfilled their commanding officer's charge. 侦察兵们执行了指挥官的命令。
the judge's charge to the jury 法官对陪审团的指示
11. 猛攻；冲锋；冲锋号
after a fierce bayonet charge 在一场激烈的白刃战后
make a baton charge on the demonstrating crowd 挥舞警棍冲入示威的人群
sound the charge 吹冲锋号
12. (纹章)饰在盾(或旗等)上的图记
13. 〈俚〉快感，刺激(from,out of,by)
They seem to get a charge out of playing this game. 他们似乎从玩这种游戏中得到极大乐趣。
14. 〈美俚〉一服(或一针)麻醉药；大麻(尤指大麻烟卷)
[< OFr chargier to load < LL carricāre < L carrus wagon; 见 CARRY] phr. charge off 1. 把…作为损耗注销 The store owner charged off all the last season's stock of suits. 店主把上一季度的全部服装作为损耗在账上注销。 2. 把…归因 (于)(to)He charged off the mistake to his lack of experience. 他把错误归因于缺乏经验。 3. 〈口〉急速离开 The boys charged off to play table tennis as soon as lunch was over. 午饭刚吃完，男孩子们就跑出去玩乒乓球了。 charge up 1. 冲上前 The boy charged up and asked for an ice cream. 男孩冲上去要一客冰淇淋。 2. 把…归因 (于) (to)He charged it up to inexperience. 他把这事归因于缺乏经验。 3. 把…记在账上 I'll charge the expenses up. 我会把这些费用入账的。 4. 为…充电 Will you charge up my car battery? 你替我把汽车上的蓄电池充一下电好吗? face a charge (在法庭上)对指控的罪名作出答复 give sb. in charge〈英〉把某人送交警察 They caught the thief and gave him in charge. 他们捉到小偷，把他送交警察了。 in charge 主管，管理，看管，负责 the person (department) in charge 主管人(部门) The first mate is in charge when the captain leaves the ship. 船长离船时由大副负责。 in charge of 1. 管理，照管，负责，指挥 An experienced engineer is in charge of the project. 一位有经验的工程师负责这项工程。 He placed his younger brother in charge of the lumberyard. 他安排他的弟弟管理贮木场。 Mary is in charge of the children. 玛丽负责照管这些孩子。 2. 受…管理，在…掌管 (或照管)之下 The application should be kept in charge of the personnel office. 申请表应存在人事室。 in full charge 1. 负全责 2. 勇猛地 lay a charge 控告 lay sth. to sb.'s charge 〈英古〉指控某人犯某罪 put sb. on a charge 决定某人将受控告 return to the charge 〈古〉(尤指在争论中)重新开始 take charge 1. 开始管理，接管 When the teacher is away, the eldest pupil takes charge of the class. 老师不在时，年龄最大的学生接管班级工作。 John was elected the new president of the club and will take charge at the next meeting. 约翰已当选为俱乐部的新会长，在下一次会议时将主持会务。 2. (物)不受控制 The driving belt took charge and ran out. 传动带失去控制，脱了出来。 under the charge of 在…掌管 (或照管)之下 |