| 释义 |
by¹ /baɪ/ prep. | ad. | a. | n. | phr.
I prep.
1. 在…旁边，靠近
a house by (the side of) the river 河边的房子
He was sitting (close) by me. 他(紧)挨着我坐。
2. 在…身边，在…手头
I haven't got any money by me. 我身边没有钱。
3. (方向)偏于
The ship sailed north by east. 船向北偏东驶去。
4. 从…旁边(过去)；通过；沿着；经由
march by the reviewing stand 从检阅台前齐步走过
She went by him without saying a word. 她默默无言地从他身边走过。
enter by the back door 从后门进入
come by the nearest road 抄近路来
go by way of New York 取道纽约
5. 到(某时)之前；不迟于
I was very tired by the evening. 我到晚上已很疲乏了。
By 1974 the factory coped with repairs for 700 trucks per year. 截止1974年该厂已能年修卡车700辆。
By the age of fourteen he had already determined to go to sea. 他14岁时就已下决心要当水手了。
He ought to be here by now. 他现在应该到这里了。
I usually finish work by five o'clock. 我通常于5点以前结束工作。
I shall have finished the job by the time you come back. 你回来时，我会已经把工作做完。
6. 在(白天、夜晚)的时候；在…环境下
He worked by day and studied by night. 他白天工作，晚上学习。
walk by moonlight 在月光下散步
7. [表示行为者是谁或起作用的事物是什么]由，被
America was discovered by Columbus. 美洲是哥伦布发现的。
a Virgin by Picasso 毕加索画的圣母像
be killed by a bullet 中弹身亡
an engine driven by electricity 用电力发动的引擎
8. 由…所生，为…所出
He had two sons by his first wife. 他有两个前妻生的儿子。
9. [表示交通、传递等的方式]
go by car (boat,plane) 乘汽车(船，飞机)去
travel by land (sea, air) 陆上(海上，空中)旅行
send sth. by post (hand) 由邮局(专人)递送某物
The news came by e-mail. 这消息是电子邮件传来的。
10. 握(或抓、拿等)住(身体等的某部分)
take sb. by the hand 搀住某人的手
catch sb. by the coat (hair) 抓住某人的上衣(头发)
seize sth. by the handle 抓住某东西的柄
11. [表示方法、手段、方式]凭借，靠，用，通过，以
take a town by force 用武力占领城镇
workers by hand (brain) 体力(脑力)劳动者
learn a poem by heart 背熟一首诗
know sb. by name 知道某人的名字
begin (end) by doing sth. 以做某事开始(结束)
There is not enough light to read by. 看书的光线不足。
He earns his living by teaching. 他以教书为生。
They learn their language by books. 他们从书本上学习语言。
What do you mean by that? 你这样讲(或做)是什么意思?
12. [表示原因]由于
I met him by chance. 我与他偶然相遇。
He took my pen by mistake. 他错拿了我的钢笔。
He always drank too much and lost jobs by it. 他老是饮酒过量，因此多次失业。
13. 根据，按，照
a man who lives by the honoured principles 遵照公认的道德原则生活的人
by request of friends 应朋友的请求
Never judge a person by his looks. 千万别以貌取人。
By my watch it is two o'clock. 我的表是2点钟。
The journey wasn't a comfortable one by twentieth century standards. 根据20世纪的标准，这次旅行可并不舒服。
He was called by the name of his grandfather. 他以他祖父的名为名。
14. 按…计算
rent a house by the month 按月租屋
sell by the pound 论磅出售
I was paid by the day. 我的工资按日计算。
order dresses by the dozen 成打定购女服
come by hundreds 成百出现
This book sold by the millions. 此书销售以百万计。
15. [表示连续或反复](一个)接着(一个)；(一个)又(一个)
move along inch by inch (或 by inches) 慢慢地向前移动
march two by two 两个两个地齐步走
little by little 一点一点地
day by day 日复一日地
step by step 一步一步地
16. [表示数量、程度等]以…之差
taller by a head 高出一头
younger by a year 年幼一岁
miss the train by five minutes 晚了5分钟没赶上火车
The rate of growth fell by 3 percent. 增长率下降3%。
17. 〈主苏格兰〉与…相比
18. [表示乘、除、面积等]
multiply (divide) 9 by 3 用3乘(除)9
a room 15 feet by 20 (feet) 一间宽15英尺长20英尺的房间
19. 以(神)的名义
swear by God 对上帝发誓
20. [表示关系]对待，对
do well by a friend 待朋友好
Do as you would be done by. 你要人家怎样待你，就要怎样待人。
He did his duty by his country. 他对国家尽责。
21. 就(职业、出生、本性等)来说
a doctor by profession 专业医生
He is Swedish by descent and speech. 他祖籍瑞典，讲瑞典语。
Jones by name 名叫琼斯
He is an extremist by temperament. 从气质方面说，他是个极端主义者。
22. 〈口〉就…看来，依…之见
It's O.K. by me. 我是同意的。
23. 〈美口〉在…地方
I'll buy you a drink by Antek. 我到安泰克去请你去喝一杯。
II ad.
1. 在近旁
They were standing by and watching the fight. 他们站在一旁看打架。
He did that when nobody was by. 当左右无人时，他就干了那事。
2. 经过；过去
The train went thundering by. 火车隆隆地驶过。
in days gone by 在过去的日子里
3. (搁)开，在一边；存起
Put your work by for the moment. 你暂且把工作放一放。
He had laid enough by for his old age. 他积蓄很多，足够老年之需。
4. 〈美口〉到(或进)他人家
When you're next in town, do call by. 你下次进城时务请上我们家来。
stop by for a chat (经过某家时)停下来进去聊天
I'll be by to share a beer with you. 我要上你家去和你一起喝啤酒。
III a.
1. 不在干道上的；位于一边的
They came down a by passage. 他们从侧面的过道走来。
2. 次要的，从属的；附带的
a by comment 附带的评论
IV n.
= bye¹
[ME,(prep.& ad.) <OE be,bi, (prep.)] phr. by and by 1. 不久；过一会儿 We'll meet again by and by. 我们不久又会再见。2. 迟早，终于 by and large 1. 大体上，总的说来，一般地说 By and large, it is a good book. 总的说来，这是本好书。2. 【海】既用掉抢又用顺风帆 by the by (或bye)顺便提一句 (= by the way)By the by (或 bye), what became of the baby? 顺便问问，这婴儿后来怎样? |