| 释义 |
scratch /skrætʃ/ vt. | vi. | n. | a. | phr.
I ❶ vt.
1. 抓
The cat scratched me with its claws. 猫用爪子抓我。
2. 抓破，划破；抓伤，划伤
His knees were scratched by thorns. 他的膝盖被荆棘划破。
You've scratched the table with your toy cars. 你那玩具汽车在桌上划出了一条条痕迹。
Your bike's hardly scratched. 你的自行车上几乎没有划痕。
She scratched her elbow on the point of a nail. 她的肘部被钉尖划伤。
3. 擦红；擦痛；擦伤
The starched collar scratched my neck. 浆过的硬领把我脖子擦红了。
4. 搔(虫咬处等)，在(身体部位)搔痒
Please scratch my back where I can't reach. 请给我背上够不到的地方搔搔痒。
You should try not to scratch insect bites. 虫咬处你应尽量别去搔。
The cook began scratching the rash on his neck. 厨工开始搔脖子上的皮疹。
5. (用爪子等)扒出，挖成
The cat has scratched a hole in the flower bed. 猫在花坛上扒了一个洞。
6. 刮擦(某物)使发出刺耳声
He scratched a match on the wall. 他嚓的一声在墙上划亮一根火柴。
7. 划，刻
scratch one's name on the tree with a small knife 用小刀在树上刻下自己的名字
8. 潦草地涂写；乱画
scratch one's signature 潦草地签上名
scratch a few lines to a friend 给朋友草草写封短信
9. 擦去，勾掉；删去；取消；〈美〉从(政党)候选人名单划去(某候选人)的名字
scratch sb.'s name off (或 from) the list 在名单上勾掉某人的名字
The laboratory scratched that experiment for this year. 实验室今年取消了那项实验。
10. (艰难地)凑集；积攒
11. 【体】把(马等)撤出比赛，使弃权
The horse was scratched on the day of the race. 这匹马在赛马的当天被撤出比赛。
12. 〈美俚〉伪造(钞票、文件)
❷ vi.
1. 抓；扒寻；抓伤
Be careful of the cat:it'll scratch! 当心这只猫，它要抓人的!
Hens scratch in the ground. 母鸡在地面扒土。
2. 搔
Itching makes me want to scratch. 我痒了就想要去搔。
3. 被抓破；被划伤
a plastic that scratches easily 容易起划痕的塑料
4. 使人发痒；擦红，擦痛
This sweater scratches. 这件运动衫擦得身体发痒。
5. 发刮擦声
The match scratched and glowed. 火柴嚓地一声燃着了。
A dog scratched at the door to be let in. 狗嚓嚓地扒门要想进来。
This pen scratches. 这支钢笔写起来沙沙地钩纸。
6. 艰难谋生，勉强糊口
scratch for oneself at an early age 从幼年起就自己谋生
7. 〈美〉在(政党)候选人名单上划去名字
8. 【体】(赛马等)退出比赛，弃权
9. 【台】失误；侥幸击中
10. 【牌】未得分
11. 使用刮擦技术播放唱片
II n.
1. 抓；搔(尤指搔痒)；刮，擦
The cat's having a scratch. 猫在搔痒。
2. 〈口〉微伤，擦伤
You haven't cut yourself badly,it's only a scratch. 你伤得不厉害，那只不过是一点儿擦伤。
3. 抓痕；搔痕；划痕，刮痕，擦痕
a scratch on the table top 桌面上的划痕
three scratches on the leg 腿上的3处擦痕
He fell into a thorn bush and was covered with scratches. 他跌入荆棘丛，弄得伤痕累累。
4. 刮擦声(尤指唱针与唱片的摩擦噪音)
the scratch of a match 划火柴时发出的嚓声
5. 乱涂；乱画；潦草的笔迹
6. 【体】起跑线；(旧时角斗的)起始线
7. 【体】参加没有让步条件比赛的运动员(指不让分也不加分的运动员)；参加没有让步条件比赛运动员的起始点(或起始时间、 身份)
8. 【台】失误(指主球落袋，丧失击球权)；侥幸击中
9. 【体】弃权运动员(或马等)
10. 【高尔夫】【牌】零分
11. 对勇气的考验
12. 〈口〉钱，现钞；纸币；贷款
raise scratch 筹款
make a scratch 借钱
13. 〈美俚〉无名小卒，无足轻重的人
14. (撒喂的)粒料
15. = scratch wig
16. = scratch hit
17. [scratches] 【兽医】马脚葡萄疮
18. (尤指在说唱乐中的)刮擦技术
III a.
1. 〈美〉打草稿用的；写便条用的
2. 〈口〉仓促拼凑的；匆匆组成的
a scratch meal 临时张罗的一顿饭
a scratch football team 临时组建的足球队
3. 〈口〉侥幸的，碰巧的；〈美〉【棒】侥幸安全打的
a scratch shot 侥幸打中的一击
4. 【体】平等的，没有让步的
a scratch player 参加没有让步条件比赛的运动员
a scratch race 同线起跑、无让步优待的赛跑
[? 变体 < 旧词 scrat to scratch + 废词 cratch to scratch] phr. a scratch of the pen 大笔一挥随便签的名；简单手令 come up to scratch 及时来到；符合要求，达到标准 from scratch 〈口〉从起点开始，从零开始；从头做起；白手起家 learn a foreign language from scratch 从头开始学习一门外语 They started their business from scratch.他们白手起家办企业。 no great scratch 〈美俚〉没有什么了不起，不重要 scratch a ... and you'll find a ... 除去…的假象你将发现…的本质 Scratch a liberal and you'll find a hegemonist.剥掉自由主义者的外衣，霸权主义分子的真面目就暴露无遗。scratch about for 到处扒寻；四处搜寻 Sparrows were scratching about in the damp soil for worms.麻雀在湿地里到处扒寻小虫。scratch a living (或 an existence) 勉强糊口 scratch along 勉强度日 scratch for 搜寻，寻找 scratch for intelligence about sb. 搜集有关某人的情报 scratch for votes 搜拉选票 scratch for something to do 找些事干 Scratch my back and I will scratch yours. 〈谚〉你捧我，我就捧你。 (或你帮助我，我也帮助你。) scratch one's head 见 head
scratch out 1. 扒出；用力挖出；挖成
scratch out a hole in the wall 在墙上挖出一个洞
2. 〈口〉划去，勾掉
scratch sb.'s name out 把某人的名字划掉
3. 勉强获得
scratch out a living on the unfertile farmland 耕作贫瘠的农田勉强过活
scratch the surface 见 surface
scratch through 划去，勾掉
scratch through the superfluous words 删去冗词
scratch together 凑集；拼凑
scratch up 1. (用指、爪等)掘起，挖出
scratch up a few stray seeds 扒出几颗散落的种子
2. 在…表面弄出抓痕(或伤痕)
The tables were all scratched up by the movers.那些桌子被搬运工弄得伤痕累累。
3. 〈口〉(艰难地)凑集；拼凑
I'll manage to scratch some money up somehow.我总要想法凑起一点钱来。
Before the police arrived we had scratched up a bit of breakfast and were feeling better.在警方到达之前，我们已经弄了点早饭吃下，感觉好些了。
toe the scratch (赛跑时)脚尖踏在起步线上；严守规则
up to scratch 1. 踏上起跑线，准备起跑(或参加比赛)
2. 〈口〉准备好
be up to scratch for the examination 已作好迎考准备
3. 〈口〉达到标准，合格；处于良好状态
His work is scarcely up to scratch.他的工作不太合格。
His health is not up to scratch. 他的健康状况不佳。
without a scratch 〈口〉丝毫未受伤地，安然无恙地
escape without a scratch 安然无恙地脱逃 |