释义 |
rough /rʌf/ a. | n. | vt. | vi. | ad. | phr. I a. 1. (表面)不平滑的;毛糙的;粗糙的 a rough skin 不光滑的皮肤 the rough bark of a tree 粗糙的树皮 a book with rough edges (未切边的)毛边书 cloth that is rough to the touch 摸上去很粗的布 2. (路面)高低不平的,崎岖的;难行的;难以穿越的 rough hilly country 道路崎岖的山乡 rough woods 莽林 3. 未加工的;粗制的;未经琢磨的 a rough piece of carpentry 粗制木器 4. 未完成的;不完善的;初步的;粗率的;粗略的,不精确的 a rough drawing 草图 a rough draft 草稿 gain a rough knowledge of sth. 粗略了解某事 a rough translation 粗率的翻译 a rough estimate 约略的估计 a rough circle 不精确的圆 5. 粗质的;简陋的,粗陋的,不讲究的;(文体)不加修饰的 rough food (clothes) 粗食(衣) a rough life in the jungle 丛林中原始简陋的生活 rough accomodation at a small country inn 乡村小客栈的简陋设备 a rough but filling dinner 虽不考究但能饱肚的一顿饭 6. 粗鲁的;粗暴的;粗野的;粗俗的 rough manners (words) 粗鲁无礼的态度(话语) have a rough tongue 说话粗鲁 a rough fellow 粗汉 a rough temper 火暴性子 This suitcase has had some rough handling. 这只衣箱曾被重手重脚地乱抛乱丢。 The new measures have met with a rough welcome from the union members. 新措施受到工会成员不客气的对待。 a rough sport 粗野的运动 a rough humour 粗俗的幽默 7. (毛发)粗硬的;蓬乱的 rough hair 蓬乱的头发 a dog with a rough coat 粗毛狗 8. 〈英口〉艰难的;糟得难以忍受的;艰巨的;不愉快的 be in a rough situation 处境艰难 be rough to deal with 难以应付 Things got rough enough. 情况够糟的了。 They picked up the spy and gave him a rough time. 他们抓住了密探,并让他吃了点苦头。 We've had a pretty rough day. 这一天我们过得很不愉快。 What rough luck! 真倒霉! 9. (气候等)有暴风雨的;(海浪等)汹涌的;(风雨等)狂暴的;剧烈颠簸的 a rough night 暴风雨之夜 rough winds 狂风 have a rough crossing of the Channel 在狂风大浪中渡过英吉利海峡 The plane had a rough flight in the storm. 飞机在风雨中颠簸着飞行。 rough economic bumps 剧烈的经济动荡 10. 暴乱的;混乱的;喧闹的 a rough mob 作乱的暴民 The place is rough as hell. 那地方秩序乱极了。 11. 粗重的;费体力的 rough manual labour 粗重的体力劳动 12. (酒等)涩味的;(声音等)粗哑的,不悦耳的;(发动机等)转动不稳的;(药物等)强烈的 13. 【语】送气的;有/h/音的
II n. 1. (杂草丛生、多石的)高低不平之地;(高尔夫球场上设在平坦球道两边的)深草区 lose one's ball in the rough 在深草区失落一球 2. 〈主英〉粗人,莽汉;流氓;暴徒 a crowd of young roughs in the streets 街上的一群小流氓 3. 粗糙的东西;未加工的东西;粗制品,毛坯;未加工状态;粗加工状态 shape it from the rough 把这东西的毛坯加工使之成形 4. 草样,草图;草稿;梗概,纲要 a pile of roughs 一叠草图 I started the first rough in black with a brush. 我用画笔涂黑色开始描绘第一张样图。 5. (马蹄铁等上的)防滑钉 6. 不愉快;艰难;(生活等的)不愉快(或艰难)的一面 7. 重家务劳动 The woman came to do the rough twice a week. 那妇人一星期来两次干家务重活。 8. 烈味(或酸味、涩味)饮料;含醋酸的高酒度苹果酒;〈俚〉苦味生啤酒
III ❶ vt. 1. 使不平,使毛糙 rough the edges of glass 把玻璃边磨毛 Satin is very easily roughed. 缎子很容易起毛。 2. 给(马或马蹄铁)装防滑钉;驯(马) 3. 【体】(足球赛等中)对(对手)动粗 4. 粗制,对…粗加工;把(宝石、镜片等)修琢成毛坯 (off, out) rough the piece of wood to approximately the size desired 把这块木头初步加工使之接近于所需要的尺寸 rough off timber 对木材粗加工 rough (out) lenses 制镜片的毛坯 5. 草拟;画…的轮廓;拟出…的梗概 (in, out) rough a report 草拟报告 rough in the shape of the head 把头形勾勒出来 rough in the conversation of a novel 概略地写出小说的对话 get the memos roughed out 拟出备忘录提纲 6. 把…粗抽空,使在…中初步产生真空状态 (out) ❷ vi. 1. 〈罕〉变粗糙 2. 行为粗暴 a penalty for roughing in a football game 在足球赛中因动作粗野而受到的处罚
IV ad. 1. 粗糙地;粗制地;粗略地 2. 〈口〉粗暴地;粗野地 treat sb. rough 粗暴地对待某人 play rough (比赛等时)动作粗野 3. 简陋地 live rough 餐风宿露 He travelled rough, sleeping wherever he was given a bed. 他因陋就简地旅行,哪里有床就在那里宿夜。 [< OE rūh; 与 L ruga wrinkle, Gr orussein to dig, ON rögg tuft 有关] phr. be rough on 1. 对…是不幸的 (或不愉快的)It was rough on him, being out of work. 他失业了,够倒霉的。 2. 对…严厉 3. 对…有害 This kind of stone pavement is rough on tyres. 这种石子铺的路容易损坏车胎。 bit of rough 〈口〉因粗野反而吸引人的男性性伙伴 cut up rough 见 cut in rough 作为草稿 Write it out in rough and then copy it. 你先打个草稿,然后誊正。 in the rough1. 未加工的;粗糙的;未琢磨的;未完成的;在初步阶段的 a sculpture in the rough 雕塑品的雏型 The plans are still in the rough. 计划还不成熟。 2. 随随便便;与平时一样地 You must take us in the rough. 我们就这样随随便便,你一定要将就些。 3. 粗略地;大致上 It'll cost £2000 in the rough. 它的代价约为2000镑。 It's true in the rough. 这大致是真实的。 4. 处于困境中 rough around the edges 尚未完善 rough as bags 〈澳新口〉粗糙的 rough down1. 粗刨(木材) 2. 把…粗抽空,使在…中初步产生真空状态 rough it 因陋就简地生活 rough it under canvas for a few months 过几个月简陋的帐篷生活 She certainly isn't accustomed to roughing it. 她肯定过不惯艰苦的生活。 rough sb. up the wrong way 见 way rough up1. 〈口〉用暴力对待,向…动粗;伤害;殴打;猛攻;吓唬;使不安 The mob roughed up the speaker. 暴徒殴打演讲人。 A thunderstorm roughed up the plane. 一场雷暴雨猛然袭击飞机。 2. 把…弄毛糙;弄乱;把…弄得高低不平 Don't roughup my hair. 别把我的头发弄乱。 He roughed up the path by kicking at the stones. 他乱踢石块把路弄得高低不平。 sleep rough 见 sleep take the rough with the smooth 既能享乐也能吃苦;是好是歹一起承受 the rough edge (或 side) of one's tongue 斥责,粗言恶语 |