| 释义 |
back¹ /bæk/ n. | vt. | vi. | a. | ad. | phr.
I n.
1. 背；背部
carry sth. on one's back 背驮某物
ride on a horse's back 骑在马背上
the back of a chair (knife, bow) 椅 (刀，弓) 背
She split her coat up the back. 她的上衣后部撕开了。
2. 脊骨；(书)脊；(船的)龙骨；【矿】巷道顶板
The ship broke her back. 船的龙骨断了。
3. 背面；反面
the back of the hand 手背
the back of a carpet (coin) 地毯 (硬币) 的背面
4. 后面；后部；(书报等的)末尾
a garden at the back of a house 屋后的园子
sit in the back of a car 坐在汽车后座
an appendix at the back of a book 书末附录
5. (足球等运动中的)卫(可指球员或其位置)
6. 力气，气力
put some back into the work 使出点劲儿干活
We can save our backs with a machine. 我们可用机器减轻劳动强度。
7. (螺旋桨叶等的)叶背；上表面
II ❶ vt.
1. 使后退；使倒退；使倒转
back sb. into a corner 迫使某人后退到角落 (或：逼得某人走投无路)
back a car into (out of) a garage 倒车开进 (出) 车库
back a propeller at full speed 使螺旋桨全速倒转
2. 位于…的后面；构成…的背景
a beach backed by hills 倚山的海滩
3. 给…装上背衬；在背后加固
back a dress with silk 用绸做女服的里子
back a picture 裱画
back a book 给书装订书脊
4. 支持
back a plan 支持一项计划
back sb. in an argument 在争论中支持某人
5. 加背书于；同意偿付
back a cheque 背书于支票
He backed the costs of the new play. 他同意承担这出新戏的费用。
6. 下赌注于
back a horse in the race 赛马中对一匹马下赌注
A: Who do you think will get the post? B: I'm backing Spencer. 甲：你看谁会得到那职位? 乙：我敢打赌一定是斯潘塞。
7. 跨上…的背部
He backed the horse and rode off. 他上马走了。
8. 〈美〉驮，背
9. 为(歌手)伴奏
❷ vi.
1. 后退；倒退
The car backed through the gate. 汽车倒车开出大门。
The water backed onto the floor from the drain. 水从排水管倒流到地板上。
2. (风)逆时针转向
The wind backed from west to southwest. 风向由西逆转为西南。
The wind has backed upon itself. 风向完全逆转。
III a.
(无比较级；最高级用 back·most)
1. 背后的；后面的
a back alley 后巷
the back wheels of a car 汽车的后轮
back teeth 后牙 (或臼齿)
2. 边远的；偏僻的
a back settlement 边陲拓居地
I know a back way from our place to the graveyard. 我知道一条由此通往墓地的偏僻小路。
3. 向后的；反向的
a back current 逆流
back cargo 归程货物
4. 【语】舌后的，舌根的
a back vowel 后元音
5. 过去的；过期的，旧的
The war is all back history now. 那场战争业已成为历史陈迹。
a back copy of a newspaper 一份旧报纸
catch up on six years of back reading 补读过去6年来积压的资料
6. 到期未付的，拖欠的
back pay (rent) 欠薪 (租)
7. (十八穴高尔夫球场的)后九穴的
8. 【板】后撤(防守性)击球的
IV ad.
1. 向后；后仰着
Please go back three steps. 请后退三步。
tie one's hair back 把头发朝后束起
sit back in one's chair 后仰靠坐在椅子里 (有放松全身、舒适休憩之意)
2. 在原处；回原处；回原状
the old folks back home 在老家的老人们
I'll be back at six. 我6点钟回来。
How far is it to Boston and back? 到波士顿来回有多少路程?
He was invited once but wasn't invited back. 他被邀请过一次，可是没被再次邀请。
He is back in power. 他又掌权了。
Any dampness and my rheumatism will be back. 一遇潮湿天气我的风湿病就复发。
3. 往回
He left his friends two miles back. 在倒回去2英里处他和朋友们分了手。
a chapter beginning several pages back 倒回去几页开始的一章
4. 经倒回
Let's hear the song back. 让我们把磁带倒回去，听一下那首歌。
5. 还，回
pay back a loan 归还借款
hit back 还击
Telephone me back when you know the answer. 有了回音后给我回个电话。
6. 在一段距离之外
The house stands well back from the road. 那所房屋离公路有好一段距离。
7. 以前；回
a while back 一会儿以前
look back on one's youth 回顾自己的青年时代
Yes, think back, he had been careless. 是啊，回想起来，当时他太粗心了。
8. 处于被钳制状态
The police held the crowd back. 警察止住人群。
hold back a laugh 忍住笑
[<OE bæc] phr. a pat on the back 见 pat
at sb.'s back 1. 作某人后盾，给某人撑腰
He has the whole country at his back. 他有全国人民作后盾。
2. (紧紧) 在某人之后
at the back of 1. 作…后盾，给…撑腰
2. 作为…背后的原因；作为…的祸根 (或主谋)
I wonder what's at the back of all this trouble among the students. 我不明白造成学生中间这一切纷争的真正原因是什么。
Someone must be at the back of this. 这事一定有什么人在背后捣鬼。
3. (紧紧) 在…之后
back and belly 1. 背和腹；〈喻〉衣食
2. 腹背，前前后后
back and fill 1. (在狭窄水道) 用左右抢风法行船，使风帆时而漏风时而吃风张满
2. 来回走动；弯弯曲曲地行进
3. 〈美口〉举棋不定；动摇；出尔反尔
back and forth 来回地；反复地
He paced back and forth in his room. 他在房间里来回踱步。
Bitter and cruel remarks flew back and forth between them. 他们以恶言恶语对骂。
back away 1. (使) 后退
She backed away a step. 她后退了一步。
He backed his boat away from the pier. 他驾船倒车驶离码头。
2. 退缩；退却
back away from one's principles (position) 背弃原则 (立场)
back a winner 见 winner
back down 放弃原来的主张；声明取消前言；打退堂鼓
back down to pressure 在压力之下退缩食言
back down from one's intention to do sth. 放弃做某事意图
He said he could swim, but he backed down when we got to the lake. 他说会游泳，可是等我们到湖边时他却畏缩不前了。
back in the day 过去；一段时间前
back into 1. (使) 倒退撞着
He was backed into by a careless driver this morning. 今天早上他被一个粗心大意的驾车人倒车撞着了。
2. 无意中获得
back into a fortune 无意中获得一笔财产
back into a championship 侥幸获得冠军
back of 〈美口〉
1. 在…的后面
a stream back of the house 屋后小溪
2. 作…后盾，给…撑腰
Many powerful men are back of him. 许多有权有势的人做他的后盾。
3. 作为…背后的原因
Hard work was back of his success. 他靠刻苦努力获得成功。
What's back of his proposal? 他提这建议的动机是什么?
4. 在…以前
issues of the magazine back of 1980 这份杂志1980年以前出版的各期
back off 1. 〈美〉后退
2. 〈美〉＝ back down
3. 〈美俚〉放慢速度
Hey, back off a little, I don't get you. 喂，说慢点，我听不清。
4. 〈美俚〉把…撵出；被撵出 (酒吧等公共场所)
back on(to) 背向
The house backs on(to) a lake. 屋背朝湖。
back out 〈口〉
1. 退出；撒手
Two entrants have backed out of competing in the regatta. 两位报名参加划船比赛的运动员已宣布退出。
He has decided to back out of the scheme. 他已决定撒手不参与这项计划。
2. 食言
He promised to help and then backed out. 他答应帮忙，后来却食言了。
back the oars 见 oar
back to back 1. 背靠背
sit back to back 背靠背坐
2. (一个接着一个) 连续地
The actor played two different roles back to back. 演员接连扮演了两个不同的角色。
back up 1. 后退；倒退回去；倒 (车)
back up three paces 退三步
They couldn't understand, so he backed up and told them once more. 因为他们不懂，他就倒回去，重又解释一遍。
back a car up 倒车
2. 给…装上背衬
back up a bookcase with cardboard 用卡纸垫衬书橱背部
3. 支持
Armoured cars backed the infantry up. 装甲车支援步兵。
4. 证实
Figures backed this up. 数字证明了这一点。
5. 补充
The lectures are to be backed up by a heavy programme of field work. 课堂讲授将辅以大量的实地调查。
6. (流水受阻后) 积聚上升，积聚后倒流，泛滥；(障碍物等) 阻挡 (流水)，使(流水) 积聚上升
The river was backed up by the spring freshets. 由于春汛，河水上涨。
Clogged pipes caused drain water to back up into the house. 水管堵塞，排出的水倒灌入屋。
7. 〈美〉(使) 积压；(使) 拥塞；(使)(车辆等) 排成长龙
The correspondence has been backing up for several days. 待处理的信件已经积压了好几天。
The port was backed up. 港口拥塞。
Cars (were) backed up for miles. 汽车拥塞，车龙长达数英里。
8. 跑到 (本队球员) 背后策应
9. 【计】为…备份
back up files (the data) 给文件(数据)做备份
10. 拉紧 (帆索没有固定的一端)
back water 见 water
behind sb.'s back 背着某人
He did it behind my back. 这事他是背着我干的。
break one's back 1. 折断自己的脊骨
2. 尽最大努力，拼命干
I will break my back to finish the job today. 我将竭尽全力今天完成任务。
break sb.'s back 1. 折断某人的脊骨
2. 把某人压得喘不过气来；使某人破产
break the back of 1. 伤及…的要害，摧垮
break the back of enemy resistance 摧毁敌人的抵抗
2. 完成…的大部分 (或最艰巨部分)
The back of the problem was broken by adopting a new technique. 由于采用了新技术，问题的关键解决了。
cast behind the back 1. 把…丢诸背后，不念 (旧恶)
2. 唾弃
get one's (sb.'s) back up 使自己 (某人) 生气；使自己(某人) 变得倔强
He got his back up when I criticized him. 我批评他时他生气了。
His rudeness got my back up. 他的无礼使我生气。
The mule got his back up and refused to move. 骡子犯倔，不肯走了。
get one's own back (on sb.) 〈口〉(向某人) 报复
give a back 弯腰拱背 (指跳背游戏中让人跳越或翻墙时作人垫背)
have one's back to the wall 处于绝境；(走投无路时) 作困兽斗
have one's own back (on sb.) ＝ get one's own back (on sb.)
in back〈美口〉在后面
I took the bedroom in back, and he the smaller one in front. 我占用了后面的那间卧室，他占用了前面那间小一些的卧室。
My underwear is all wet in back. 我的内衣背部全湿透了。
in back of 〈美口〉＝ back of
know like the back of one's hand 熟悉；精通
I know the district like the back of my hand. 我对那个地区了如指掌。
make a back ＝ give a back
mind your back〈口〉让我过去
off sb.'s back 〈口〉不再找某人麻烦；不再缠磨某人
Stop picking on me and get off my back, will you? 别再对我进行挑剔，别再找我麻烦了，好不好?
keep the children off one's back 不使孩子们打扰自己
on one's back 1. 仰天
lie (fall) on one's back 仰天躺着 (摔倒)
2. 〈口〉卧病
He has been (flat) on his back for two months. 他卧病已有两个月。
3. 一筹莫展而躺倒
The employers are flat on their backs. 雇主们完全屈服了。
on sb.'s back 〈口〉找某人的麻烦；缠磨某人
My wife has been on my back for weeks to buy her a new dress. 几星期来，妻子老缠着我为她买一件新连衣裙。
on the back of 在…之后不久
The child took the measles, and then on the back of that came scarlatina. 孩子出了麻疹，过后不久又患猩红热。
pat sb. (oneself) on the back 对某人 (自己) 表示赞扬 (或鼓励、庆贺)
play back 1. (在球类运动中) 担任后卫
2. 【板】后撤击球
put one's back into 竭尽全力于…
You can get it done in time if only you put your back into it. 你只要全力以赴，就能如期完成任务。
put one's (sb.'s) back up ＝ get one's (sb.'s) back up
rip up the back从背后攻击，背后说坏话
scratch sb.'s back 吹捧某人；(尤指为了予己方便而) 给某人以方便
see the back of 摆脱
I should be glad to see the back of him. 我巴不得他快走开。
I'm fed up with this weather: I'll be glad to see the back of it. 这种天气让我受够了，真希望它快结束。
slap sb. on the back 赞扬某人，鼓励某人
stab sb. in the back 暗箭伤害某人；背后诽谤某人
talk through the back of one's neck 见 neck
the back of beyond 〈口〉天涯海角；穷乡僻壤
the back of one's (或 the) hand 1. 斥责
give the back of the hand to the bastards 把王八羔子们狠狠训一顿
2. 蔑视
When we have no strength, we get the back of the hand. 我们如果没有实力，就会被人瞧不起。
The back of my hand to you! 去你的吧!
the back of one's (sb.'s) mind (或 head) 自己 (某人) 的内心深处；自己 (某人) 的下意识
stick sth. away in the back of one's head 把某事深藏在心底
Other sources of potential aggression were at the back of their minds. 他们隐约感到潜在的侵略可能来自其他方面。
the Backs (英国剑桥大学的) 后花园 (在剑河河畔诸学院后面，以景色优美著称)
turn one's back on (或 upon) 1. 对…掉头不顾；轻视
Don't turn your back on purchases from second-hand stores. 不要小看从旧货店买来的东西。
2. 背弃；抛弃
turn one's back on one's country 背叛祖国
3. 拒绝接受；否认
turn one's back on a proposal 拒绝一项提议
That would be turning one's back on history. 那等于否定历史。
4. 逃离；离开
With this month of March we turn our backs on winter. 随着3月份的到来，我们和冬季告别了。
with one's back to the wall 在被迫得走投无路时；处于绝境
fight with one's back to the wall 背水一战 |